Notes
Prologue
1. Jeffrey K. Liker, The Toyota Way, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. John Toussaint and Roger Gerard, On the Mend: Revolutionizing Healthcare to Save Lives and Transform the Industry, Cambridge, MA: Lean Enterprise Institute, 2010.
3. Samuel Smiles, Self-Help, London: John Murray Publishing, 1982.
4. James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, The Machine That Changed the World, New York: Rawson Associates, 1990.
5. James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones, Lean Thinking, 2nd ed., New York: Productivity Press, 2003.
6. K. Anders Ericsson, Michael J. Prietula, and Edward T. Cokely, “The Making of an Expert” (pdf), Harvard Business Review, July–August 2007.
7. Mike Rother, Toyota Kata: Managing People for Improvement, Adaptiveness, and Superior Results, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Chapter 1
1. Jeffrey Liker and David Meier, Toyota Talent: Developing People the Toyota Way, NY: McGraw Hill, 2007.
2. Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Department of Labor, www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/article/industry-employment-and-output-projections-to-2022.htm.
3. http://newsroom.accenture.com/news/us-switching-economy-puts-up-to-1-3-trillion-of-revenue-up-for-grabs-for-companies-offering-superior-customer-experiences-accenture-research-finds.htm.
4. www.forbes.com/sites/micahsolomon/2013/11/17/secret_shopping_four_seasons/.
5. www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/03/the-anti-walmart-the-secret-sauce-of-wegmans-is-people/254994/.
6. We wish to thank David Hanna of the HPO Global Alliance for this section about Dr. Waal’s work.
Chapter 2
1. Jeffrey Liker and James Franz, The Toyota Way to Continuous Improvement, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
2. Jeffrey Liker and Timothy Ogden, Toyota Under Fire: Lessons for Turning Crisis into Opportunity, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
3. Womack, James P., and Daniel T. Jones, Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Organization, 2nd ed., New York: Free Press, 2003.
Chapter 3
2. Isadore Sharp, Four Seasons: The Story of a Business Philosophy, New York: Penguin Group, 2009.
3. www.heraldrecorder.org/business/like-many-united-fliers-in-recent-years-oscar-munoz-was-recently-on-a-lousy-flight-to-chicago-business-news-oscar-munoz-20154944/.
4. Richard Nisbett, The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently . . . and Why, New York: Free Press, 2004.
5. Ibid., p. 91.
6. Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001.
7. E. Trist and W. Bamforth, “Some Social and Psychological Consequences of the Long Wall Method of Coal-Getting,” Human Relations, Vol. 4, 1951, pp. 3–38.
8. David P. Hanna, Designing Organizations for High Performance (Prentice Hall Organizational Development Series), 1988.
9. Thomas Johnson, “Lean Dilemna: Choose System Principles or Management Accounting Controls—Not Both,” Chapter 1 in Joe Stenzel (editor), Lean Accounting: Best Practices for Sustainable Integration, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2007.
10. www.toyota-global.com/company/vision_philosophy/toyota_global_vision_2020.html.
11. www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJhG3HZ7b4o&ab_channel=FastCompany.
12. www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/mission-statements/general-electric-mission-statement.html.
13. David Hanna, The Organizational Survival Code, Mapleton, UT: Hanaoka Pub., 2013.
14. Michael E. Porter, “What Is Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, November–December 1996, pp. 61–78.
15. www.cbsnews.com/news/something-special-about-southwest-airlines/.
Chapter 5
1. Mike Rother and John Shook, Learning to See, Cambridge, MA: Lean Enterprise Institute, 2003.
2. Karen Martin and Mike Osterling, Value Stream Mapping: How to Visualize Work and Align Leadership for Organizational Transformation, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013.
3. www.slideshare.net/mike734/value-stream-mapping-the-improvement-kata.
4. www.zingtrain.com/free_samples/fivestupidways.pdf.
5. www.linkedin.com/pulse/productivity-hacks-want-more-productive-never-touch-things-bradberry?trk=eml-b2_content_ecosystem_digest-recommended_articles-49-null&midToken=AQG5zF5e_mGidw&fromEmail=fromEmail&ut=2wpCxG1Lq1BSY1.
6. www.umich.edu/~bcalab/multitasking.html.
7. Eduardo Lander, “Implementing Toyota-Style Systems in High Variability Environments,” doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2007.
Chapter 6
1. Paul S. Adler, “Time and Motion Regained,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 1993, pp. 97–108.
2. Robert E. Cole, “Reflections on Learning in U.S. and Japanese Industry,” Chapter 16 in J. K. Liker, M. Fruin, and P. Adler (editors), Remade in America: Transplanting and Transforming Japanese Production Systems, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
3. For a detailed discussion of this and the standard method for training, see Jeffrey K. Liker and David Meier, Toyota Talent: Developing People the Toyota Way, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.
4. John Medina, Brain Rules, reprint ed., Edmonds, WA: Pear Press, 2009.
5. See a more detailed case study in Richard Zarbo, “Bringing Ford’s Ideas Alive at Henry Ford Health System Labs Through PDCA Leadership,” Chapter 9 in Jeffrey Liker and James Franz, The Toyota Way to Continuous Improvement, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
6. Philip Crosby, Quality Is Free: The Art of Making Quality Certain, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
7. Ibid.
Chapter 7
1. Henri Fayol, Industrial and General Administration, translated by J. A. Coubrough, London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1930.
2. Kiyoshi Suzaki, Results from the Heart: How Mini-Company Management Captures Everyone’s Talents and Helps Them Find Meaning and Purpose at Work, New York: Free Press, 2002.
3. As we write this, it is too early to know how Toyota’s 2016 recent shift to product-focused organizations will turn out. On the surface it appears that Toyota is moving toward something similar to Chrysler’s platform organization in R&D, but we suspect there will still be functional organizations within individual units to develop deep technical expertise.
4. Jeffrey Liker and Gary Convis, The Toyota Way to Lean Leadership, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
5. Jonathan Escobar, David Hanna, and Jeffrey Liker, “Invest in People, Boost Growth,” http://planet-lean.com/the-virtuous-circle-of-sustainable-growth-how-lean-management-practices-at-proctergamble-and-toyota-make-for-an-environment-based-on-customer-focus-and-people-development.
7. Michael C. Mankins, Alan Bird, and James Root, “Making Star Teams Out of Star Players,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2014.
8. Jeffrey Liker and Thomas Choi, “Building Deep Supplier Relationships,” Harvard Business Review, December 2004, pp. 104–113.
9. Jeffrey Liker and Timothy Ogden, Toyota Under Fire: Lessons for Turning Crisis into Opportunity, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
Chapter 8
1. http://innotiimi-icg.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-Dateien/Publications/3-2014-Gesamtausgabe-sml.pdf (March 2014, p. 10).
2. http://innotiimi-icg.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-Dateien/Publications/3-2014-Gesamtausgabe-sml.pdf.
3. John Medina, Brain Rules, 2nd ed., Edmonds, WA: Pear Press, 2014.
4. www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/Neuroscience.html.
5. www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ynryUjGFt8&ab_channel=TelecomSlayerDOTcom.
7. www.sportpsychologytoday.com/sports-psychology-articles/outcome-goals-vs-process-goals/.
8. As described in The Toyota Way, Chapter 16.
9. Charles Duhigg, The Power of Habit, New York: Random House, 2012.
10. Scott Adams, How to Fail at Almost Everything and Still Win Big: Kind of the Story of My Life, New York: Portfolio, 2014.
11. Karl Duncker, “On Problem Solving,” Psychological Monographs (American Psychological Association) 58, 1945.
12. Michael Ballé and Freddy Ballé, Lead with Respect, Cambridge, MA: Lean Enterprise Institute, 2014.
Chapter 9
1. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
2. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qd8PetCER8E&ab_channel=MikeRother.
3. Robin Wall Kimmerer, Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses, Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2003.
4. Leath Tonino, “Two Ways of Knowing: Robin Wall Kimmerer on Scientific and Native American Views of the Natural World,” The Sun, Issue 484, April 2016.
5. James Womack and Daniel Jones, Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Organization, 2nd ed., New York: Free Press, 2003.
6. www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f5wxRO7EYM&ab_channel=MikeRother.
7. Durward Sobek and Art Smalley, Understanding A3 Thinking: A Critical Component of Toyota’s PDCA Management System, New York: Productivity Press, 2008.
8. John Shook, Managing to Learn: Using the A3 Management Process to Solve Problems, Gain Agreement, Mentor, and Lead, Cambridge, MA: The Lean Enterprise Institute, 2008.
9. I am grateful to the students and Dunning staff who agreed to participate in the book. The project sponsor was General Manager and Partner John Taylor, and the learner was General Sales Manager Lowell Dunning. The students were Xinhang Li, Mengyuan Sun, Ruqing Ye, and Zhenhuan Yu.
10. http://philosophy.baddalailama.com/2012/11/meta-skills.html.
11. www.slideshare.net/mike734/the-coaching-kata-chain-of-coaching
Chapter 10
1. Let’s Re-habilitate “Best Practice,” www.nickmilton.com/2015/08/lets-re-habilitate-best-practice.html.
2. Bill George, Discover Your True North, 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2015.
3. www.theatlantic.com/video/index/482514/the-cognitive-science-behind-repeating-mistakes/.