Index
A
Acrylic paint, 61
gels and pastes, 70
introduction to, 59
and oil pastels, 43
painting surfaces for, 13
Acrylic painting, 56–71
dabbing/texturizing, 69
painting thinly/thickly, 68
techniques, 64–65
underpainting, 67
Aerial perspective, 108–109
Airbrushes and airbrushing, 74–77
basic techniques, 76
bigger to smaller/lighter to darker, 77
cleaning tools for, 74
fundamentals of, 77
gradient, 77
line discrepancies, 76
lines and shadows, 77
strokes, 76
tools and materials, 74–75
Air compressors, 74
Angle of view, 125
Artist’s tape, 23
Atmospheric perspective, 108–109
B
Black carbon ink, 78
Black construction paper, 37
Blending
colored pencils and, 32
and oil pastels, 43
pencil drawing and, 27
and watercolor pencil, 53
Blending stump, paper, 40
Board surface, preparing for calligraphy, 80
Bright/dark palette, 95
Bristol board, 13
Broad pen, 81
Brushes, 15
and airbrushes, 75
care of, 16
and masking fluid, 49
and priming canvas, 62
types of, 16 See also Chinese brush painting
Brush rest, 86
Bundling, watercolor pencil, 52
Burnishing, colored pencils and, 32
C
Calligraphy, 78–85
assembling the pen, 79
basics of, 82
guideline definitions, 82
improving with practice, 83, 84–85
positioning work surface, 80
preparing board surface, 80
preparing paper with guidelines, 83
setting up work area, 80
skeleton majescules, 85
skeleton miniscules, 84
techniques for getting started in, 81
tools and materials, 78
Canvas
for oil and acrylic painting, 62–63
as painting surface, 13
stretching and priming, 62–63
Canvas paper, 13
Cardboard, 13
Caterpillaring, 76
Charcoal pencils, 21
Chinese brush painting, 86–89
fundamentals of, 87
getting started in, 89
handling the brush, 87
tools and materials, 86
Color, 90–103
and acrylic gels and pastes, 70
and atmospheric perspective, 108, 109
basics of, 93
choosing, 61
complementary/contrasting, 98, 103
experimentation, 92
introduction to, 92
and mineral and modern pigments, 71
mixing in Chinese brush, 87
mixing watercolor, 50–51
mixing with watercolor pencil, 53
and moods, 94–95
primary, secondary, tertiary, 92, 93
properties of: hue, value, intensity, 96
pulling, 15
and reflections, 103
in shadows, 103
and value, 97
wheel, 92, 93, 94 See also Light
Colored pencils, 31
techniques for using, 32
types of, 31
Color glazing, 49
Complementary colors, 98, 99, 103
Composition, 116–125
balance and harmony, 124
creating/locating focal point, 120, 121, 122
forming and placing elements, 124
and Golden Mean, 123
introduction to, 118
leading the viewer’s eye, 121
positive and negative space, 119
rule of thirds, 122
selecting viewpoint, 125
Contact paper, clear, 74
Conté crayon or pencil, 21, 43
Crosshatching
and oil pastels, 43
pencil drawing and, 27
D
Dabbing, 69
Dagger stroke, 76
Dip pen, 81
Distance and perspective, 108, 109
Distant focal point, 120
Drafting table, 10
Drawing
creating form, 28
creating textures, 29
introduction to, 20
practicing lines, 26
rendering hair, 30
techniques for colored pencils, 32
underhand position, 24
writing position, 24 See also Pastels
Drawing pencils, 21
Drawing surface or support, 11, 12
Drawing table, 10
Drybrush, 64
Dry pan watercolor, 46
Ductus, 82
Dust brush, 23
E
Edges, rendering, 55
Electric eraser, 75
Elevation of view, 125
Expression in painting, 92
F
Fan brushes, 15
Feathers, 29
Feather stroke, 76
Fiberboard, 13
Fibonacci, 123
Filberts, 15
Fixative for oil painting, 60
Flat brush, 15
Flat stamping, 15
Flat wash
and acrylic painting, 64
and watercolor, 49
Form, creating, 28
Form shadows, 100
French easel, 14
Frisket, 67
G
Gamsol, 43
Gels, acrylic, 70
Glazing
and acrylic painting, 66
and pastels, 39
Gouache
and calligraphy inks, 78
use of in watercolor painting, 54
Graded wash, 64
Gradient and airbrushes, 77
Graduated wash, 49
and erasers, 22
and transferring, 33
Grid method of transferring images, 33
Guidelines, in calligraphy, 82–83
H
Hair, rendering of, 30
Hardwood, 13
Hardwood panel, 62
HB pencils, 21
Highlight, 28
and oil and acrylic painting, 68
and oil pastels, 43
Horizon line, 106, 107, 110, 120
Hue, color, 96
I
Illustration board, 62
Ink
calligraphy, 78
Chinese brush painting, 86
Ink stick and stone for Chinese brush, 86
Intensity, color, 96
K
L
Lap desk, 10
Layering
colored pencils and, 32
and mineral and modern pigments, 71
Leaves, 29
Light, 100–103
choosing source of, 100
creating visual interest with, 101
depicting and interplay with shadows, 100–101
depicting time of day, 102
lighting the subject, 98 See also Color; Shadows
Light box, 33
Light Studio easel, 14
Line discrepancies, 76
Liner brushes, 15
Lines, practicing drawing, 26
M
Masking
and frisket, 67
and oil and acrylic painting, 65
with pastels, 42
and watercolor, 54
Masking tape, 74
Mat boards, 13
Metal texture, creating, 29
Mineral pigments, 71
Mineral spirits, 58
Mixing watercolors, 50–51
Modern pigments, 71
Monochromatic painting, 89
Mood
suggesting with stokes, 94
N
Natural-hair brush, 16
Negative painting, 49
Negative space, 119
Nibs, calligraphy, 78, 79, 80, 81
O
Objects, creating, 28
Oil painting, 56–71
dabbing/texturizing, 69
introduction to, 58
painting thinly/thickly, 68
techniques, 64–65
tools and materials, 60
and underpainting, 67
Oil paints, 60
Oil pastels, 43
One-point perspective, 106, 110
Opaque projectors, 75
P
Paint brushes, 15
Painting surface or support, 12, 13, 60, 62
Paints
acrylic, 61
and Chinese brush painting, 86
oil, 60
watercolor, 47
Palette knives, 17, 43, 54, 60
Palettes
for acrylic painting, 61
for Chinese brush, 86
mixing watercolors on, 50
warm and cold/bright and dark, 95
for watercolor, 47
Paper
for calligraphy, 78
and pastels, 37
tracing, 11
Pastels, 34–43
and blending, 40
creating edge by masking, 42
introduction to, 36
oil pastels, 43
shading, 41
soft vs. hard, 37
special effects with, 42
techniques for using, 38–39, 42
Pastes, acrylic, 70
Patterns, creating with pastels, 39
Pencil drawing, 19–33
Pencils
basic techniques, 27
colored, 31
colorless blenders, 23
drawing using sharp or blunt, 26
handling of, 24
introduction to drawing, 20
practicing with, 25
sharpening of, 21
techniques of watercolor, 52–53
types of drawing, 21
Pen holder, calligraphy, 78, 79
People
female proportions/points of intersection, 113
foreshortening, 111
male proportions/measuring subject, 112
in perspective, 110
Perspective, 104–111
creating space and distance with
atmospheric, 108–109
foreshortening, 111
one-point perspective, 106
pairing linear and atmospheric, 109
people in, 110
two-point perspective, 107 See also Proportion
Pigment, removing pastel, 39
Pillow eraser, 22
Pointillism
watercolor pencil, 52
Positive space, 119
Pressure
colored pencils and, 32
and watercolor pencil, 53
Primary focal point, 120
Primer, 63
Projectors, opaque, 75
Proportion, 112–115
of the body and measuring subject, 112
of the body and points of intersection, 113
foreshortening and head measurements, 115
of the head, 114 See also Perspective
R
Reflected light, 28
Reflections, 103
Reservoir, calligraphy pen, 78, 79, 81
Rice paper, 86
Rope texture, creating, 29
Round brush, 15
Rule of thirds, 122
and oil pastels, 43
paper for calligraphy, 83
Ruling guidelines, calligraphy, 82–83
S
Salt, 49
Sandpaper block, 21
Scrape, and oil and acrylic painting, 65
Scumbling
colored pencils and, 32
and oil and acrylic painting, 65
Secondary focal point, 120
Shading
and pastels, 41
pencil drawing and, 27
and atmospheric perspective, 108
colors in, 103
depicting time of day, 102
form v. cast, 100
interplay with light, 101
and reflections, 103
Sharpeners, 23
Shavings, watercolor pencil, 53
Sketchbooks, 11
Sketching on location, 11
Smudging, and oil pastels, 43
Soft-hair brushes, 16
Space
and atmospheric perspective, 109
positive and negative, 119
Specialty brushes, 15
Spray fixative, 23
Stencil burner, 74
Stick eraser, 22
Still life, arranging elements in, 124
Stippling
colored pencils and, 32
and oil and acrylic painting, 65
and oil pastels, 43
watercolor pencil, 52
Stone for Chinese brush, 86
Strokes
in calligraphy, 81
in colored pencils, 32
dagger/feather in airbrushing, 76
suggesting mood with, 94
watercolor pencil, 52
Studio, setting up, 10
Substrates, 13 See also Painting surface or support Support Induced Coloration (SID), 13
Supports
for acrylic painting, 62
for drawing or painting, 12
for oil painting, 60
Surfaces, drawing or painting, 12
Symmetry, avoiding, 121
Synthetic-hair brushes, 16
T
Tape, artist’s, 23
and masking pastels, 42
and pastels, 39
Temperature and color, 94–95
and time of day, 102
Templates for airbrushing, 74
Textures, creating, 29
and oil and acrylic painting, 69
Time of day, 102
Tools and materials, 9–17
airbrushing, 74–75
calligraphy, 78
Chinese brush painting, 86
watercolor, 47
Tortillon, 40
Tracing images, 33
Trailers, airbrushing, 76
Transfer paper, 23
Transferring images, 33
Turpentine
and oil pastels, 43
Two-point perspective, 107, 110
U
Underhand position, 24
Underpainting, 67
V
Vanishing point (VP), 106, 107, 110
Variegated wash, 50
Velour paper, 37
Ventilation box, 75
Viewer’s eye, leading, 121
Viewpoint, 125
W
Warm/cool palettes, 95
Washes
and acrylic painting, 64
variegated, 50
and watercolor, 49
Watercolor, 44–55
and color value, 96
creating contrast in, 98
introduction to, 46
mixing, 50–51
paints, 47
palette, 47
pencil techniques of, 52–53
rendering edges, 55
special effects with, 54
techniques of, 49
tools and materials, 47
use of white in, 54
washes, 49
Watercolor paper, 12, 48, 78, 86
Wet into wet watercolor mixing, 51
Wet on dry watercolor mixing, 50
White and watercolor, 54
Writing position, 24