Endnotes

All figures without attribution were created by the author. Robot Owl was designed by the author.

All quotations without attribution were acquired through personal interviews.

Lighthouse model by Sandeep Singh based on tutorial from: Singh, Sandeep. Beginning Google SketchUp for 3D Printing. Apress, 2010. Print.

The Iron Man suit appears courtesy of Marvel Studios.

Notes

1. McKenna, Beth. “Move Over, Stratasys: Carbon3D’s CLIP Tech Used for 3D Printing Hollywood Special Effects.” The Motley Fool. N.p. 21 June 2015. Web. www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/06/21/stratasys-carbon3d-3d-printing-special-effects.aspx

2. Wheeler, Andrew. “Breakthrough! Layerless 3D Printing! 25-100x Faster Prints!” 3DPrintingIndustry.com. N.p. 17 Mar. 2015. Web. http://3dprintingindustry.com/news/breakthrough-layerless-3d-printing-25-100x-faster-prints-44646/

3. For more information on this project, visit: “PowerDoodler Activity: Tiffany Candle Holders.” 3Doodler. N.p. n.d. Web. http://the3doodler.com/powerdoodler-activity-tiffany-candle-holders/

4. De Deugd, Matthijs. “3D Printed Fashion Suite Launched by XYZ Workshop and Ultimaker.” Ultimaker. N.p. 19 Aug. 2014. Web. https://ultimaker.com/en/blog/68-3d-printed-fashion-suite-launched-by-xyz-workshop-ultimaker

5. Peleg, Danit. “3D Printing Fashion: How, 3D-Printed Clothes at Home.” YouTube. Online video clip. 22 July 2015. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s94mIhCyt4&feature=youtu.be

6. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

7. “Ultimate Guide to 3D Printing.” Make Magazine. Winter 2013: 15. Print.

8. A “B3” product according to DIN4102 – a combustibility classification system for construction products and building elements. B3 is a rating that indicates the product is easily ignitable.

9. “3D Printing Metal Filament – Aging and Polishing Techniques.” Pinshape.com. N.p. 21 July 2016. Web. https://pinshape.com/blog/3d-printing-metal-filaments-postprocessing/?utm_source=email&utm_medium=newsletter&utm_campaign=july22ndnewsletter

10. Borghino, Dario. “‘Carbomorph’ Material to Enable 3D Printing of Custom Personal Electronics.” New Atlas. N.p. 29 Nov. 2012. Web. www.gizmag.com/carbomorph-3d-printer/25129/

11. Hart, Eric. “Printing a Set: More and More Designers Are Turning to 3D Printers to Help Bring Designs to Life.” Stage Directions Magazine. Nov. 2012: 31–32. Print.

12. France, Anna Kaziunas. Make: 3D Printing. Sebastopol, CA: Maker Media, 2013. Print, p. 63

13. Collins, Owen. “Scanning for Theatre Artists: New Solutions Prove Useful for the Planning and Production of Scenic Elements.” TD&T: Theatre Design & Technology. Summer 2015: 26–32. Print.

14. “Custom Settings.” Makerbot.com. N.p. n.d. Web. www.makerbot.com/support/new/04_Desktop/Knowledge_Base/Prepare/Advanced_Options

15. France, Anna Kaziunas. “Top Ten Tips: Designing Models For 3D Printing” Make Magazine. N.p. 11 Dec. 2013. Web. http://makezine.com/2013/12/11/top-ten-tips-designing-models-for-3d-printing/

16. www.thingiverse.com/thing:44579

17. Hultgren, Kacie. “Top 10 Tips for Design for 3D Print.” SlideShare. N.p. 11 Dec. 2013. Web. www.slideshare.net/KacieHultgren/top10-tips-for

18. “Improving STL File Export.” Vectorworks KnowledgeBase. N.p. n.d. Web. Used with permission. http://kbase.vectorworks.net/questions/1124/Improving+STL+File+Export

19. Roxy. “A Beginner’s Guide to Meshmixer.” Imaterialise. N.p. 18 Sept. 2014. Web. https://i.materialise.com/blog/3d-printing-with-meshmixer-a-beginner-friendly-introduction-to-3d-sculpting-and-combining-meshes

20. France, Anna Kaziunas. “Top Ten Tips: Designing Models For 3D Printing” Make Magazine. N.p. 11 Dec. 2013. Web. http://makezine.com/2013/12/11/top-ten-tips-designing-models-for-3d-printing/

21. Spaeth, Steven. “Making Magic at Spaeth Design, Episode 4.” YouTube. Online video clip. 7 Oct. 2014. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-WWeYTC-vw

22. France, Anna Kaziunas. “Top Ten Tips: Designing Models For 3D Printing” Make Magazine. N.p. 11 Dec. 2013. Web. http://makezine.com/2013/12/11/top-ten-tips-designing-models-for-3d-printing/

23. Graph inspired by Andy. “3D Printer Resolution – What it Means and Why you Should Care.” 3D Printer Prices. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dprinterprices.net/the-importance-of-3d-printer-resolutions/

24. Andy. “3D Printer Resolution – What it Means and Why you Should Care.” 3D Printer Prices. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dprinterprices.net/the-importance-of-3d-printer-resolutions/

25. Graph inspired by Andy. “3D Printer Resolution – What it Means and Why you Should Care.” 3D Printer Prices. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dprinterprices.net/the-importance-of-3d-printer-resolutions/

26. France, Anna Kaziunas. “Top Ten Tips: Designing Models For 3D Printing” Make Magazine. N.p. 11 Dec. 2013. Web. http://makezine.com/2013/12/11/top-ten-tips-designing-models-for-3d-printing/

27. Winslow, Colin. “3D Printing for All.” The Blue Pages. N.p. Summer 2004. Print.

28. Collins, Owen. “Affordable 3D Printing.” TD&T: Theatre Design & Technology. Winter 2012: 10–19. Print.

29. “PLA Filament for 3D Printing: Dyeable!” La Bricoleuse. N.p. 30 Apr. 2015. Web. http://labricoleuse.livejournal.com/213990.html

30. LaBricoleuse. “Ombre Dyed 3D Printed Folding Fan.” La Bricoleuse. N.p. 30 Oct. 2016. Web. http://labricoleuse.livejournal.com/214032.html

31. Full tutorial can be found here: “Finishing 3D Printed Parts.” Monkey3dparts.com. N.p. n.d. Web. http://monkey3dparts.com/finishing-3d-printed-parts/

32. Winslow, Colin. The Handbook of Model-making for Set Designers. Ramsbury: Crowood, 2008. Print.

33. Winslow, Colin. “3D Printing for All.” The Blue Pages. N.p. Summer 2004. Print.

34. Halterman, Todd. “Legacy Effects Carries on the Work of the Legendary Stan Winston with 3D Printing.” 3D Printer World. N.p. 27 Aug. 2013. Web. www.3dprinterworld.com/article/legacy-effects-carries-work-legendary-stan-winston-with-3d-printing

35. “Print Quality Troubleshooting Guide.” Simplify3D. N.p. n.d. Web. www.simplify3d.com/support/print-quality-troubleshooting/

36. Everett-Green, Robert. “Freud Takes a Back Seat in New Productions of Strauss’s Elektra.” The Globe and Mail. N.p. 20 Nov. 2015. Web. www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/theatre-and-performance/freud-takes-a-back-seat-in-new-productions-of-straussselektra/article27392262/

37. Krassenstein, Brian. “3D Printers Begin to Make Major Impact on Broadway.” 3DPrint.com. N.p. 2 Mar. 2014. Web. http://3dprint.com/1373/3d-printers-begin-to-make-major-impact-on-broadway/

38. Collins, Owen. “Affordable 3D Printing.” TD&T: Theatre Design & Technology. Winter 2012: 10–19. Print.

39. Simonson, Robert. “3D Printers Revolutionize Work of Broadway Scenic Designers.” N.p. 2 Mar. 2014. Web. www.playbill.com/article/3d-printers-revolutionize-work-of-broadway-scenic-designers-com-214428

40. Winslow, Colin. “3D Printing for All.” The Blue Pages. N.p. Summer 2004. Print.

41. Ibid.

42. Hart, Eric. “Printing a Set: More and More Designers Are Turning to 3D Printers to Help Bring Designs to Life.” Stage Directions Magazine. Nov. 2012: 31–32. Print.

43. Simonson, Robert. “3D Printers Revolutionize Work of Broadway Scenic Designers.” N.p. 2 Mar. 2014. Web. www.playbill.com/article/3d-printers-revolutionize-work-of-broadway-scenic-designers-com-214428

44. Ibid.

45. Pappas, Stephanie. “Not Just CGI: The Incredible Tech of Horror-Movie Monsters.” LiveScience. N.p. 21 Oct. 2013. Web. www.livescience.com/40563-technology-of-horror-movie-monsters.html

46. Sekula, Sarah. “What Really goes into a Disney Parade Costume?” Fox News Travel. N.p. 17 Mar. 2014. Web. www.foxnews.com/travel/2014/03/17/what-really-goes-into-disney-costume/

47. Kucharski, Joe. “The 3D Printed Costumes of Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 15 June 2014. Web. http://tyrannyofstyle.com/mirena-rada-3d-printing-disney-costumes

48. Kucharski, Joe. “Rapid Ravens: How 3D Printing is Influencing Costumes at Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade and Soon, Your Costume Shop.” Stage Directions Magazine. Mar. 2015: 30–32. Print.

49. Ibid.

50. Ibid.

51. Kucharski, Joe. “The 3D Printed Costumes of Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 15 June 2014. Web. http://tyrannyofstyle.com/mirena-rada-3d-printing-disney-costumes

52. Kucharski, Joe. “She Sculpts Seashells: Creating a Seashell Headpiece for Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade.” Stage Directions Magazine. 1 Mar. 2015: n. page.

53. Kucharski, Joe. “3D Printing for Costume Design and Technology.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 26 Mar. 2015. Web. http://media.virbcdn.com/files/f8/0552df0194a2eed63DPrintingForCostumeDesignandTechnology-reduced.pdf

54. Kucharski, Joe. “The 3D Printed Costumes of Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 15 June 2014. Web. http://tyrannyofstyle.com/mirena-rada-3d-printing-disney-costumes

55. Kucharski, Joe. “3D Printing for Costume Design and Technology.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 26 Mar. 2015. Web. http://media.virbcdn.com/files/f8/0552df0194a2eed63DPrintingForCostumeDesignandTechnology-reduced.pdf

56. Ibid.

57. Ibid.

58. Kucharski, Joe. “The 3D Printed Costumes of Disney’s Festival of Fantasy Parade.” Tyranny of Style. N.p. 15 June 2014. Web. http://tyrannyofstyle.com/mirena-rada-3d-printing-disney-costumes

59. UNC-Chapel Hill. “Carolina Graduate Students Bring Sci-fi to Life.” YouTube. Online video clip. 9 July 2015. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5V9FHxrvcU

60. “Sculpting Costumes with 3D Printers is ‘the Way Theatre is Headed,’ Theatre Arts Chair Says of Baylor’s New Technology.” Baylor.edu. N.p. 8 Oct. 2014. Web. www.baylor.edu/mediacommunications/news.php?action=story&story=147219

61. Kucharski, Joe. “3D Elizabethan.” Stage Directions Magazine. N.p. 1 Sept. 2015. Web. http://stage-directions.com/7592-3d-elizabethan.html

62. Ibid.

63. LaBricoleuse. “3D Printed Bear Mask for Fairytale Lives of Russian Girls.” La Bricoleuse. N.p. 3 Oct. 2015. Web. http://labricoleuse.livejournal.com/217478.html

64. LaBricoleuse. “3D Printed Skull Mask!” La Bricoleuse. N.p. 17 Aug. 2015. Web. http://labricoleuse.livejournal.com/216059.html

65. “Sculpting Costumes with 3D Printers is ‘the Way Theatre is Headed,’ Theatre Arts Chair Says of Baylor’s New Technology.” Baylor.edu. N.p. 8 Oct. 2014. Web. https://www.baylor.edu/mediacommunications/news.php?action=story&story=147219

66. Legacy Effects. “3D Printing is Revolutionizing Special Effects – Legacy Effects.” YouTube. Online video clip. 17 Feb. 2014. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RQpHzoa4j0

67. Terdiman, Daniel. “Why Hollywood Loves 3D Printing.” Cnet. N.p. 14 Apr. 2012. Web. www.cnet.com/news/why-hollywood-loves-3d-printing/

68. Ibid.

69. Legacy Effects. “3D Printing is Revolutionizing Special Effects – Legacy Effects.” YouTube. Online video clip. 17 Feb. 2014. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RQpHzoa4j0&index=19&t=16s&list=PLbwLjRwBLKFqDiMGMKSx06sGMaOiB-OPw

70. Ibid.

71. Terdiman, Daniel. “Why Hollywood Loves 3D Printing.” Cnet. N.p. 14 Apr. 2012. Web. www.cnet.com/news/why-hollywood-loves-3d-printing/

72. Legacy Effects. “3D Printing is Revolutionizing Special Effects – Legacy Effects.” YouTube. Online video clip. 17 Feb. 2014. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch-?v=8RQpHzoa4j0&index=19&t=16s&list=PLbwLjRwBLKFqDiMGMKSx06sGMaOiB-OPw

73. “Stage and Screen.” Stratasys. N.p. n.d. Web. www.stratasys.com/industries/entertainment

74. Reel Focus Films. “Jason Lopes Honeycomb Interview.” YouTube. Online video clip. 23 May 2014. Web. https://youtu.be/JWA7TRuMesI

75. Collins, Owen. “Affordable 3D Printing.” TD&T: Theatre Design & Technology. Winter 2012: 10–19. Print.

76. Mufson, Beckett. “This Artist is 3D Printing Custom Puppet Prosthetics.” The Creators Project. N.p. 12 Sept. 2014. Web. http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/en_uk/blog/this-artist-is-3d-printing-custom-puppet-prosthetics

77. Originally printed in Grunewald, Scott J. “Using 3D Printing & 3D Scanning to Recreate the Star Wars Holochess Scene for The Force Awakens.” 3DPrint.com. N.p. 27 Jan. 2016. Web. https://3dprint.com/116776/3d-print-star-wars-holochess/

78. “3D Systems’ ProJet Changes the Face of Stop-Motion Animation.” 3D Systems. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dsystems.com/learning-center/case-studies/3d-systems-projet-changes-face-stop-motion-animation

79. “3D Systems’ ZPrinter Changes the Face of Stop-Motion Animation.” 3D Systems. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dsystems.com/sites/www.3dsystems.com/files/paranorman_case_study.pdf

80. “Inside LAIKA’s 3D Printing Paradise on The Boxtrolls.” Fxguide. Ed. John Mont. N.p. 02 Oct. 2014. Web. www.fxguide.com/featured/inside-laikas-3d-printing-paradise-on-the-boxtrolls/

81. “3D Systems’ ZPrinter Changes the Face of Stop-Motion Animation.” 3D Systems. N.p. n.d. Web. www.3dsystems.com/sites/www.3dsystems.com/files/paranorman_case_study.pdf

82. Ibid.

83. Fox 12 Staff. “Hillsboro Animation Studio’s ‘The Boxtrolls’ Hits Theaters this Weekend.” Fox 12 Oregon. N.p. 26 Sept. 2014. Web. www.kptv.com/story/26641358/hillsboro-animation-studios-the-boxtrolls-hits-theaters-this-weekend

84. Horn, Leslie. “In ‘The Boxtrolls’, 3D Printing Makes Stop Motion Animation Look Magical.” Gizmodo. N.p. 19 Sept. 2014. Web. http://gizmodo.com/in-the-boxtrolls-3d-printing-makes-stop-motion-animati-1636519977

85. Edwards, C. “How LAIKA Pushed 3D Printing to New Heights with ‘The Boxtrolls’.” Cartoon Brew. N.p. 13 Aug. 2014. Web. www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-stories/howlaika-pushed-3d-printing-to-new-heights-with-the-boxtrolls-101512.html

86. “Inside LAIKA’s 3D Printing Paradise on The Boxtrolls.” Fxguide. Ed. John Mont. N.p. 2 Oct. 2014. Web. www.fxguide.com/featured/inside-laikas-3d-printing-paradise-on-the-boxtrolls/

87. Ibid.

88. Ibid.

89. Ibid.

90. Rogoway, Mike. “LAIKA wins technical award from the Oscars for its 3-D Printing Technology.” The Oregonian. N.p. 8 Jan. 2016. Web. www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2016/01/laika_wins_technical_award_fro.html

91. Montgomery, John. “Kubo and the Two Strings: Rapid Prototyping Evolves.” FX Guide. N.p. 13 July 2016. Web. www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/kubo-and-the-two-strings-rapid-prototyping-evolves/

92. Ibid.

93. Ibid.

94. Koslow, Tyler. “LAIKA Uses 3D Printing for New Stop-Motion Adventure, ‘Kubo and the Two Strings’.” 3DPrint.com. N.p. 1 July 2016. Web. https://3dprint.com/140830/laika-3d-printing-kubo/

95. Estrella, Ernie. “Journey into the Stop-Motion Magic of Kubo and the Two Strings with our Set Report from LAIKA Studios.” N.p. 6 July 2016. Web. www.blastr.com/2016-7-6/journey-stop-motion-magic-kubo-and-two-strings-our-set-report-laika-studios

96. Montgomery, John. “Kubo and the Two Strings: Rapid Prototyping Evolves.” FX Guide. N.p. 13 July 2016. Web. www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/kubo-and-the-two-strings-rapid-prototyping-evolves/

97. Taylor, Shane. “3D Tech Yields New Insights Into Richard III’s Spine.” 3DPrintingIndustry.com. N.p. 5 June 2014. Web. http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/06/05/3d-tech-yields-new-insights-richard-iiis-spine/?utm_source=3D+Printing+Industry+Update&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=ab57df841f-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_term=0_695d5c73dc-ab57df841f-59913621

98. Olson, Jim. “Benton in 3-D.” Peabody Essex Museum. N.p. 24 June 2015. Web. http://connected.pem.org/benton-in-3-d/

99. Ibid.

100. Ibid.

101. Ibid.

102. Ferrari-Fontana, Michael. “Sleigh and Reindeer for the 2014 Macy’s Christmas Windows.” Michael Ferrari-Fontana Blog. N.p. 26 Nov. 2014. Web. http://michaelferrari-fontana.blogspot.com/2014/11/sleigh-and-reindeer-for-2014-macys.html

103. Ibid.

104. Ibid.

105. Krueger, Alyson. “The Company that Brings the Magic to New York City’s Holiday Windows.” Fast Company.com. N.p. 22 Dec. 2015. Web. www.fastcompany.com/3054759/most-creative-people/the-company-that-brings-the-magic-to-new-york-citys-holiday-windows/1

106. Ibid.

107. Afinia 3D Print. “Setting the Scene with the Afinia 3D Printer.” Afinia 3D. N.p. 20 July 2014. Web. www.afinia.com/uncategorized/testimonial-owen-collins-2

108. Hart, Eric. “Printing a Set: More and More Designers Are Turning to 3D Printers to Help Bring Designs to Life.” Stage Directions Magazine. Nov. 2012: 31–32. Print.

109. Collins, Owen. “Scanning for Theatre Artists: New Solutions Prove Useful for the Planning and Production of Scenic Elements.” TD&T: Theatre Design & Technology. Summer 2015: 26–32. Print.

110. Hall, Nick. “Why Should we 3D Print Lenses?” 3DPrintingIndustry.com. N.p. 2 May 2016. Web. http://3dprintingindustry.com/news/3d-print-lenses-77851/

111. Based on information obtained from: Tollington, Alex. “The Customer’s Demand for Choice in Lighting.” LDI Envision, Las Vegas. 20 Oct. 2016.

112. http://59productions.co.uk/page/company_background

113. 59. “Vivid LIVE – Lighting the Sails 2014.” 59productions. N.p. May 2014. Web. http://59productions.co.uk/project/vivid_sydney

114. Ibid.

115. Ibid.

116. Ibid.

117. Ibid.

118. Ibid.

119. Failes, Ian. “SFX: Making Rain, 3D Printing, & Blow-up Greenscreens.” FxGuide. N.p. 2 Apr. 2014. Web. www.fxguide.com/featured/special-effects-making-rain-3d-printing-blow-up-greenscreens/

120. www.shapeways.com/product/Z5ZDL6B22/bronze-infused-stainless-steel-zombie-bullet-wound

121. Maxwell suggests this list to determine items that can inhibit the cure of platinum silicones: www.dowcorning.com/content/publishedlit/30-1053-01.pdf

122. Grauer Jr. Mike. “Thanks for 3D Printing Miniatures Aren’t Dead… Yet.” Inside 3DP. N.p. 19 Nov. 2014. Web. www.inside3dp.com/thanks-3d-printing-miniatures-arent-dead-yet/

123. Failes, Ian. “SFX: Making Rain, 3D Printing, & Blow-up Greenscreens.” FxGuide. N.p. 2 Apr. 2014. Web. www.fxguide.com/featured/special-effects-making-rain-3d-printing-blow-up-greenscreens/

124. Ibid.

125. http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Bigatures

126. Legacy Effects. “3D Printing is Revolutionizing Special Effects – Legacy Effects.” YouTube. Online video clip. 17 Feb. 2014. Web. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RQpHzoa4j0

127. http://www.ilpi.com/dchas/2014/20140423d.html

128. “3D Printers May be as Hazardous to your Health as Cigarettes, According to New Study.” The Huffington Post. N.p. 24 July 2013. Web. www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/24/3d-printers-health_n_3646133.html?

129. “10 Things you Need to Know about 3D Printing & Food Safety.” Pinshape.com. N.p. 14 Nov. 2015. Web. https://pinshape.com/blog/3d-printing-food-safe/

130. Sher, Davide. “How Toxic Are ABS & PLA Fumes? 3Dsafety.org Examines VOCs.” 3D Printing Industry. N.p. 28 Oct. 2015. Web. https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/toxic-abs-pla-fumes-3dsafety-org-inquires-vocs-60796/

131. King, Jason. “Warning – How Safe is Your Desktop 3D Printer?” 3D Print Headquarters. N.p. 28 Feb. 2015. Web. http://3dprinthq.com/desktop-3d-printer-safety/

132. http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Bigatures

133. “Custom Settings.” Makerbot.com. N.p. n.d. Web. www.makerbot.com/support/new/04_Desktop/Knowledge_Base/Prepare/Advanced_Options