Index
Note to index: due to the high number of illustrations and figures in this book, wherever possible, the individual figures are indexed only under the main entry pertaining to this topic and not under related subentries. Illustrated material is listed in italics with the page number followed by the figure number.
3D cloth printing see digital textiles
3D fabbing see printing
3D fabrication see printing
3D Matter 149 f6.14
3D modeling programs 75, 78–85; beginning modeling 78 f4.2a, f4.2b, 79 f4.3, f4.4, 80 f4.5, f4.6a, f4.6b, 81 f4.7; Boolean operations 85; parametric design 85, 85 f4.11; polygonal modeling 84, 84 f4.10; sculpting modeling 83, 84 f4.9; solid modeling 83, 83 f4.8; vector-graphic design programs 85
3D positioning systems 31, 31 f2.2, f2.3
3D print resolution 33, 144–7, 149, 144 f6.7, 145 f6.8, f6.9a, 146 f6.9b, f6.10, 149 f6.14
3D printers: anatomy 29–32, 30 f2.1; build plates 30; choosing 29–34; features 32–4; large format 329 f12.16; optimization 155–8; printer control software 34, 34 f2.6, 139; safety advice 357–360; Z-Gap (Z-Offset) 155–7, 156 f6.24a, 156 f6.24b 175, 178–180; see also printing materials
3D printing see printing
3D printing marketplace 160
3D printing pens 16 f1.16, f1.17, 16–19, 17 f1.18, 18 f1.19, 19 f1.20, f1.21; with ABS 37 f2.9; augmented clothing 19 f1.20; with PLA 39; for repairs 17, 19, 19 f1.21; wearable sculptures 18 f1.19
3D scanning 70–4; accuracy variations 71 f3.20; for animatronics 285–6; and costume design 268; for headpieces 259, 261; Laser Line Scanning (LLS) 70–3, 70 f3.18, 71 f3.19, 72 f3.21; laser shadows 70 f3.22a, f3.22b; and lighting 321; for prosthetic makeup 348; for scene and lighting designs 74; and scenic design 210–13; Structured Line Scanning (SLS) 73–4, 73 f3.23, 74 f3.24, f3.25; Thomas Hart Benton maquette 308 f11.3, 309 f11.4
3D Systems Culinary Lab 22 f1.25, f1.26, 23 f1.27
3Doodler 16 f1.16, f1.17
3DP see printing
3DPrintronics 43 f2.15
59 Productions, Ltd 339–344, 340 f12.32, 341 f12.33a, f12.33b, 342 f12.33c, 343 f12.34a, f12.34b
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) 36–7, 37 f2.9; ABS slurry/cement 162; curling 179; dyeing 166, 168 f6.34, 169 f6.35; and food safety 359; fumes 36, 358
acetone 162; disposal 360, vapor baths 163, 164 f6.31
acquiring 55
Add Solids 96, 97 f4.28, 208 f8.23c, 249 f9.12c
Additive Layer Manufacture (ALM) see printing
additive manufacturing (AM) 2, 362; see also printing
adhesion: to build plates 178–9
air printing 174, 174 f7.1, 362
Airwolf 3D 181 f7.7
Aleph Objects, Inc. 155 f6.23, 156 f6.24b
ambient build plate 30
analysis tools: 131–8, analysis programs 133 f5.28, 133 f5.29, f5.30, 135 f5.31; auto cleanup 131, 132 f5.26; Meshmixer 132–5
animatronics 281–7; 3D scanning 286; Garner Holt Productions, Inc (GHP) 281–5; reverse engineering 286
Artem, Ltd. 225–7, 226 f8.43, 285–7, 344–8, 345 f12.35a, f12.35b, 347 f12.36a, f12.36b
ASCII: versus binary 109
attaching parts 162
auto-cleanup tools 131–2, 132 f5.26
BB9Creator 7
Barreca, Chris (scenic designer) 198
Barrett, Travis 221 f8.35
Beaman, Dr. Joseph (University of Texas) 13
Beatty, John Lee (scenic designer) xiii–xiv, 192, 192 f8.8, 193 f8.9, 205, 214
Beaulac, Michel (artistic director) 187
Bell, Dustin (costume technician) 259–261, 260 f9.19b
BendLay (filament) 44 f2.17, 44–5
Benton, Thomas Hart (painter) 307–310, 308 f11.3, 309 f11.4
Berenhaus, Laurie (digital fabrication specialist and puppeteer) 258, 274 10.5a, 10.5b, 274–5
Berls, Robert (designer) 329–331, 329 f12.16, f12.17, 330 f12.19, 333 f12.22, 335 f12.25, 337 f12.29
BfB RepMan 6
Bhatia, Anshuman 1, 203 f8.18, 322 f12.5
binary: versus ASCII 109
binder 12–13, 23, 291, 292 f10.20, 297
Binder Jetting see Powder Binder 3D Printing
Boolean operations 85
Boritt, Beowulf (scenic designer) 85, 159, 186, 195–6, 196 f8.12a, f8.12b, 212, 227
Bosanquet, Clare 218 f8.32
Bowyer, Dr. Adrian (Bath University) 6
The Boxtrolls 297–302, 298 f10.28, 299 f10.29, f10.30, 300 f10.31, 301 f10.32
bridges 89 f4.17, 89–90; and FDM printers 90–2
Brown, Tom E. 279 f10.10b
Brynildsen, Jens Chr 35 f2.8
build plate 30; and adhesion 178–9; alternative names for 30; ambient 30; detaching 161 f6.28, 161–2; orientation on 140–3; Z-Gap (Z-Offset) 155–7, 175
build platform see build plate
build surface see build plate
bureau (printing) see printing services
BYOpuppet 274 f10.5a, f10.5b
Camardella, Andrew 309 f11.4
Campbell, Ronn (lighting and scenic designer) 323–8, 323 f12.6, f12.7, 324 f12.8, f12.9, 325 f12.10, f12.11, 326 f12.12, 327 f12.13, 328 f12.14, 333 f12.21, 334 f12.24
capping 114–20, 115 f5.10a, 116 f5.10b, f5.10c, 117 f5.10d, f5.10e, 118 f5.10f, f5.10g, 119 f5.10h, f5.10i, 120 f5.10j, f5.10k
captive parts 104–5, 105 f4.36a, f4.36b
capturing (3D models) see photogrammetry
Carbon (formerly Carbon3D) 9, 9 f1.7
Castellano, David J. (scenic designer) 86, 173, 213, 328, 328 f12.15
casting 226, 226 f8.43, 261, 285, 312, 353, see also life casting
ceramic composites 48, 49 f2.22
Cerberus333 181 f7.7
character design 271–304; animatronics 281–7; BYOpuppet 274 f10.5a, f10.5b; Kubo and the Two Strings 302–4, 303 f10.33; Monster’s. Inc. 279 f10.10a; puppets and marionettes 271–81; see also stop-motion animation
Chen, Jason 258 f9.18
Choy, Sam 221 f8.36a
Chukhina, Denise 243 f9.9a
Cirque du Soleil 261–3; costume design 262 f9.20a, f9.20b, 263 f9.20c, f9.20d
Clement, Andrew (Creative Character Engineering) 227–30, 228 f8.44a, f8.44b, 264
Clements, Kerry 181 f7.6
client communication 213, 281, 283, 316
clogged nozzle 177
clothing: augmented 19 f1.20
CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) 2, 254–256, 363
Collins, Owen M. (scenic and lighting designer) 62 f3.9, 71 f3.20, 72 f3.22b, 74, 272–3, 321, 322; on models 194; puppets 158, 273 f10.3, f10.4; tutorials 207–10, 231–2, 248–51
color consistency 295, 297 f10.27, 300
composite materials 10, 46; ceramic composites 48–9, 49 f2.22; metallic composites 50 f2.23, 49–50; stone composites 47–8, 48 f2.21; wood composites 46–7, 47 f2.20, 278, 280 f10.11a, f10.11b
Conductive Filament (Carbomorph) 50
connectivity (to computer) 34
consumer 3D printer 192, 228–229
Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP): CLIP printers 9, 9 f1.7
CookieCaster.com 78 f4.2b
Corcoran, Charlie 206 f8.21
costume design 233–69; accessories 233–251, 243, 243 f9.9a, 244 f9.9b; Cirque du Soleil 261–3; The Conquest of Mexico 233, 234 f9.1, 235 f9.2; Disney 234–40; fantasy, sci-fi, superhero suits 264–9, 352; headpieces 259–263, 259 f9.19a; masks 256–8; materials 239–40; specialty suits 264–9; Sweeney Todd 259–61; Twelfth Night 244–7; understructures 251–254; Into the Woods 244–6
Côté, Rino (Cirque du Soleil) 261–3, 262 f9.20a, f9.20b, 263 f9.20c, f9.20d
creating 75–8, 76–7 f4.1, 78 f4.2a, f4.2b
Creative Character Engineering (CCE) 227–30, 228 f8.44a, 229 f8.44b, 264
CreativeTools 145 f6.8
Crump, S. Scott (Stratasys) 6
Cruyff, Martijn 28
Cubify Draw 79 f4.3
Cuni, Bernat 78 f4.2a
cyanoacrylate resin (Super Glue) 12, 14, 295
Dakh, Steven 50 f2.23
Darling, Michael (CalArts) 220, 334 f12.23
Deckard, Dr. Carl (University of Texas) 13
delamination 182–4, 183 f7.9, f7.10
Deltabot positioning system 31, 31 f2.3
DeltaMaker 31 f2.3
design considerations 86 f4.12, 86–106; bridges 89–90; captive parts 104–5, 105 f4.36a, f4.36b; extrusion type 106; fit tolerances 102 f4.33, 102–5; manifold integrity 94 f4.24, 94–7; mounting and installation 106, 106 f4.37; overhangs 87–9; press parts 104, 104 f4.35; Print-in-Place Designs 102–4, 103 f4.34a, f4.34b; scale 97–102, 100 f4.31a, f4.31b; supports 90–2; thread width 92–3, 93 f4.23b
DeSimone, Joseph (UNC) 9
Desktop Fabbing see printing
Desktop Manufacturing see printing
Dever, Blythe Tierney 245 f9.10b, 246 f9.11a
Digital Body Form Capture see photogrammetry
Digital Knitting see digital textiles
Digital Light Processing (DLP) printers 7
Digital Manufacturing see printing
Digital Museums 307
digital textiles 23–7, 24 f1.28, f1.29, 26 f1.31, 27 f1.32; chainmail-like dress 25 f1.30a, f1.30b; Flexible PLA 39–40, 40 f2.12; inBloom dress 23, 26 f1.31, 40 f2.12; Pringle of Scotland 27; see also wearable technology
Direct Digital Fabrication see printing
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) 13, 13 f1.11
Disney 234–40, 237 f9.3, 238 f9.4, 239 f9.5, f9.6, 336 f12.27, 279 f10.10a
Disney Research 336, 336 f12.27
Disney•Pixar 279 f10.10a
disposal (of materials) 360
DLP see Digital Light Processing (DLP) printers
DMLS see Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)
Dodge, Alexander (scenic designer) 191, 194–5, 195 f8.11, 201, 202 f8.17
Dopher, Cris (designer) 141
downloading 55
drawing tools (3D) see 3D printing pens
Driggers, Michael (University of Maryland) 215–16, 217 f8.30b
dyeing 165–9; dyeable filament 42; for ABS 166, 168 f6.34; for PLA 166–7, 167 f6.33
Dziedzic, Wojciech (costume and fashion designer) 233, 234 f9.1, 235, 235 f9.2
edible products 20–3, 21 f1.23, f1.24, 22 f1.25, f1.26, 23 f1.27; food safety 359; novelty items 20
effect rigs 344–7, 347 f12.36a, f12.36b
Elektra (Opéra de Montréal) 187–90, 188 f8.1, f8.2, 189 f8.3, f8.4, 190 f8.5, f8.6
Emerging Objects (research and design firm) 10–11; “Saltygloo” 11 f1.9a, f11.9b
Emmett 183 f7.9
Eok.gnah 150 f6.16
Ermoshki, Dr. Alex (Carbon) 9
escape holes 127, 127 f5.18a, f5.18b, 128 f5.19
events management 319 f12.1, 319
Ewing, John 164 f6.31
exhibit design 305 f11.1, 305–18; fine art 307–10, 308 f11.3, 309 f11.4; museums 305–10; sculpture 310–14, 311 f11.5, 312 f11.6a, 313 f11.6b; window displays 313–18, 314 f11.7a, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c, 317 f11.8
export quality 108 f5.1, 108–9
exporting files: ASCII versus binary 109; options 107–9; polygon export 109 f5.2; to STL 98, 107–9, 108 f5.1, 109 f5.2, 209, 209 f8.23e; in Vectorworks 107–9, 108 f5.1, 109 f5.2
extraneous interiors 95–7, 96 f4.26, f4.27, 97 f4.28
extruders 30 f2.1, 30–1; clogged 177; priming 174, 175 f7.2
extrusion: dual extrusion printing 32, 32 f2.4; modeling 106; over-extrusion 178, 178 f7.4; single versus multi-extrusion 32, 152; syringe-style 20, 20 f1.22, 21 f1.23; under-extrusion 174 f7.1, 174–7
Faberdashery 46 f2.19
fabric block printing see fabric decoration
fabric decoration 254–6, 255 f9.15, f9.16a, 256 f9.16b
FDM see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
FDM printers 4–6, 283; anatomy 29–34; and bridges 89–92; features 32–4; and overhangs 87, 87 f4.13, 90–2
FDM printing: filament 35–50; orientation 140–3
feature thickness 130 f5.23, f5.24, 129–31, 131 f5.25, 133–4
feeding mechanism 30
Ferrari-Fontana, Michael (sculptor) 310–13; window displays 313–16, 314 f11.7a, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c
Fettig, Hansj✓rgen 274 f10.5b
FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
FFM (Fused Filament Modeling) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
filament 5, 35–50, 35 f2.7, f2.8, 175–7; ceramic composites 48, 49 f2.22; Conductive Filament 50; diameters 35, 176, 176 f7.3; dissolvable filament 42–4; dyeable filament 42; flexible filaments 39–42; mechanism 32; metallic composites 49–50, 50 f2.23; PLA 37–9; recycled filament 45–6; specialty blends 46–50, 46 f2.19; standard filament 36–9; stone composites 47–8, 48 f2.21; storage 36, 42; transparent filament 44–5, 44 f2.17, 45 f2.18; wood composites 46–7, 47 f2.20
file types 107
files: exporting 107–9, 108 f5.1, 109 f5.2
fillers 163
fit tolerances 102 f4.33, 102–5
fixing programs 94, 110; analysis tools 132–6; auto-cleanup tools 131–2, 132 f5.26; capping 114–20; detached/extraneous features 112, 112 f5.6; extraneous interiors 95–7, 96 f4.26, f4.27, 97 f4.28; flat bottom 113 f5.8a, f5.8b, 113–14, 114 f5.9; hollow models 125–7; inspector tools 135; manifold integrity 122–3; Meshmixer 110–11, 112, 114–138; over-sized items 123–5; reversed normals 95, 95 f4.25; shader tools 135–8; SketchUp 95; smoothing 120–2; thicknesses 128–31, 133–4
flammability 360
flash point 44
flat bottom 113 f5.8a, f5.8b, 113–14, 114 f5.9
Flexible PLA 39, 39 f2.11, 40 f2.12
FlexPLA see Flexible PLA
food safety 359
foods see edible products
Form 1 (Formlabs) 6 f1.4, 7, 8 f1.6
Francois, Jérémie 47 f2.20, 93 f4.23b
furniture (model) 1, 97 f4.29, 202 f8.17, 202–10, 203 f8.18, 204 f8.19, f8.20a, 205 f8.20b, 206 f8.21, f8.22; see also scenic design; Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 4 f1.2, 4–6, 5 f1.3; alternative names for 5; FDM printers 6
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Fused Filament Method (FFM) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Fusion3 33 f2.5
Gallagher, Kingman (LAIKA) 293
Gallo, David (scenic designer) 202
gantry positioning systems 31
gaps (surface) 180
Garner Holt Productions, Inc. (GHP) 281–5, 282 f10.12, f10.13, 283 f10.14, 284 f10.15
Gauthier, Alain (director) 187–8
Geek Fab Lab 183 f7.10
GMB see Granular Materials Binding (GMB)
Granular Materials Binding (GMB) 9–15, 10 f1.8; costs 267, 281; hollow models 125–7, 281; powder materials 10; with sustainable resources 10–12; thickness requirements 128–31; see also Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Gray, Erica 18 f1.19
grow 283
Grunewald, Scott J. (3Dprint.com) 287–9
Gyrobot 39 f2.11
Hanusiak, Lisa (Disney) 235–240, 240 f9.7
haptic stylus 83
Harvey, Michael (scenic and lighting designer) 211, 211 f8.25, 212 f8.26 338, 338 f12.30, f12.31a, 339 f12.31b
Harvey, Michelle D. (scenic designer) 223–5, 223 f8.38, f8.39, 224 f8.40, f8.41, 225 f8.42, 335 f12.26
Hay, Morgan (LAIKA) 293
HBP (Heated Build Plate/Platform) 30, 36, 37–8
HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) 45–6
headpieces (costume design) 259–263, 259 f9.19a, 260 f9.19b, f9.19c, 262 f9.20a, f9.20b, 263 f9.20c, f9.20d
heat: and lighting 329
Heated Build Plate/Platform (HBP) see build plate or HBP
Heathcote, Jonathan 31 f2.2, 139 f6.1
HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) 43 f2.16, 43–4
holes (surface) 127, 180–2; troubleshooting 120, 131, 135, 165, 180–182
hollow models: escape holes 127–8; and Granular Materials Binding (GMB) 125–6, 281; Meshmixer 126 f5.17, 125–7
Holt, Garner (Garner Holt Productions, Inc.) 281, 284
Horejsi, Michael J. 19, f1.21, 51
Hultgren, Kacie (scenic designer) xv, 33, 59, 87, 92–4, 93 f4.23a, f4.23b, 97 f4.29, 105, 175 f7.2, 203, 214 f8.27; orientation 140, 142; on painting 169, 170, 171 f6.37; Print-in-Place collection 102–3; scale conversion 100 f4.31a, 101 f4.31b; scenic models 192 f8.8, 192–4, 193 f8.9, 194 f8.10, 206 f8.22, 211 f8.24; Springy Friend 104 f4.35; support material 152, 154 f6.22
humidity: and color printing 300; and the environment 176; and filament storage 36, 42; and PVA 42
image-based modeling see photogrammetry
Images in Motion, Inc. 279 f10.10a, f10.10b, 280 f10.11a, f10.11b, 306 f11.2
i.materialise.com 88 f4.15a, f4.15b, 127 f5.18a, f5.18b, 129 f5.21, f5.22
inBloom dress 26 f1.31, 40 f2.12
industrial 3D printing 187, 197, 239, 267
infill: layers 147 f6.11, f6.12, 147–9, 149 f6.14; patterns 148 f6.13; and safety 219
Ingermann, Ivan (costume designer) 259, 259 f9.19a, 260 f9.19c
inspector tool (Meshmixer) 135, 136 f5.32
Into the Woods: costume design 245 f9.10a, f9.10b, 244–6, 246 f9.10c; props 221 f8.35
isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 7
jam: filament 41, 42, 175; nozzle 177
Jasper, Jeff (New Deal Studios) 350–1
Jaster, Mark 5 f1.3, 7 f1.5, 13 f1.11
jetting see Photopolymer Jetting
jetting printers 8
Jones, Tim 215 f8.29, 216 f8.30a
Jurassic Park 264
Kahl, Fred 182 f7.8
Katjes Magic Candy Factory 21 f1.23
Kayser, Markus (MIT researcher) 12, 12 f1.10
Keener, Katherine (costume technician) 254–6, 255 f9.15, f9.16a, 256 f9.16b
Kemp, Steven C. (scenic designer) 106 f4.37, 125, 199–201, 200 f8.15a, f8.15b, 203–5, 204 f8.20a, 205 f8.20b
Kerr, Jeffrey 38 f2.10, 215 f8.28
Knapp, Ryan 321 f12.4a
Kobayashi, Nao 71 f3.19
Kojoe 320 f12.3
Kok, Matthijs 217 f8.31a, 218 f8.31b, 230 f8.45
Kongsle, Stephen 348 f12.37
Kubo and the Two Strings 302–4, 303 f10.33
Kucharski, Joe (costume designer and Imagineer) 244–7, 245 f9.10a, f9.10b, 246 f9.10c, 247 f9.11b, 261
KUKA robotic arms 283, 283 f10.14, 286
Kyttanen, Janne 25 f1.30a, f1.30b
+Lab – POLITECNICO DI MILANO 20 f1.22
LAIKA Digital 289–304, 290 f10.17, 291 f10.18, 292 f10.19, f10.20, 293 f10.21, 294 f10.22, f10.23, 295 f10.24, 296 f10.25, f10.26, 297 f10.27, 298 f10.28, 299 f10.29, f10.30, 300 f10.31, 301 f10.32, 303 f10.33; 3D scanning 302; The Boxtrolls 297–302; Kubo and the Two Strings 302–4
Lalish, Emmett 103 f4.34a, f4.34b, 103–4
Laser Line Scanning (LLS) 70 f3.18, 71 f3.19, 72 f3.21, f3.22a, f3.22b, 70–3
laser shadows 72 f3.22a, f3.22b
Layered (or Laminated) Object Manufacturing (LOM) 272
layers: infill 147 f6.11, f6.12, 147–9, 219; infill patterns 148 f6.13; layer height/resolution 33, 144 f6.7, 144–7, 145 f6.8, f6.9a, 146 f6.9b, f6.10, 149 f6.14, 181 f7.7; shells 148–150, 149 f6.15, 150 f6.16, 181; and strength 141 f6.3, 141–2, 142 f6.4, 143 f6.5
Lee, Mirabel 259 f9.19a, 260 f9.19c
Legacy Effects 264–9, 266 f9.21
lenses: custom 332; printing, 330–2
LIDAR (Light Imaging, Detection, and Ranging) scanning 213
lighting 320–33; and 3D scanning 70; accessories 325, 325 f12.11; add-ons 329, 329 f12.17; custom 331, 331 f12.20; electrical parts 329; and heat 329; lenses 330–2; for rain 346; scale lighting 322–4; and photogrammetry 64–65, and props 325 f12.10, 325–6,; teaching tools 325–7, 326 f12.12, 327 f12.13; tophats 321 f12.4a, f12.4b
LIX PEN LTD 37 f2.9
LOM (Layered/Laminated Object Manufacturing) printers 272
Lopes, Jason (Legacy Effects) 9, 29, 173, 174, 264–9
Lucasfilm Ltd. 288–9, 289 f10.16
LUMA-iD Ltd. 10 f1.8
Luxexcel 332
“Macintosh moment” xvi
Macy’s department store 313–16, 314 f11.7a, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c
Make Magazine 29
Make Solid 123 f5.15b, f5.15c, 122–3
MakerBot 32 f2.4, 34 f2.6, 35 f2.7, 41 f2.14, 43 f2.16, 79 f4.4; Cupcake CNC 6, 192–3, 272; infill patterns 147 f6.11, 148 f6.13; PLA filament 172; printing control software 247; PrintShop 79 f4.4; Replicator 198, 243; Z18 247, 261, 267–8; see also Thingiverse
makeup: life casting 348; prosthetics 268, 346–50, 349 f12.38
manifold integrity 94 f4.24, 94–7, 122–3
maquette 212, 229, 265, 279 f10.10a, 281–6, 282 f10.13; Iron Man 266 f9.21; King George III 311 f11.5; Monster’s Inc. 279 f10.10a; Thomas Hart Benton 307–10, 308 f11.3, 309 f11.4
marionettes 271–3, 272 f10.2, 273 f10.3, 275–6, 276 f10.6
masks 256–8, 257 f9.17a, f9.17b, 258 f9.18
materials see printing materials
Maxwell, Rod (visual effects artist) 349 f12.38, 349–50
McAlister, Rory 202 f8.16
McCalister, Tim 221 f8.35
McClernan, Candyce (costume technologist): masks 256–7, 257 f9.17a
McGurk, Colin (scenic designer) 82, 201
McLane, Derek (scenic designer) 52, 191, 191 f8.7, 203
McLean, Brian (LAIKA) 289, 291, 301, 302
Mcor Technologies 13–15, 14 f1.12, f1.13, 15 f1.14, f1.15
mesh repairers see fixing programs
Meshmixer xvi, 84 f4.9, 110 f5.3, 110–138, 111 f5.4, f5.5; analysis tools 132–6; auto-cleanup tools 131–2, 132 f5.26; capping 115–20; feature thickness 129–31, 133–4; hollow models 125–7, 126 f5.17; inspector tool 135; “make solid” tool 122–3; manifold integrity 122–3; over-sized items 123–5; “plane cut” tool 114 f5.9, 114–15, 123, 124 f5.16a; Select 112 f5.7; shader tool 135–8; smoothing 120–2; support structures 151 f6.18
metallic composites 49–50, 50 f2.23
Meunier, Martin (LAIKA) 302
microns 33, 144, 144 f6.7; layer height 158, 226, 265, 307
microphones 333 f12.22, 334, 334 f12.23, f12.24, 335 f12.25, f12.26
miniatures 205, 350–1; miniature mechanics 298
Ministry Apparel 24 f1.28
Mixee Me 81 f4.7
MJM (Multi-Jet Modeling) see Photopolymer Jetting
MJP (MultiJet Printing) see Photopolymer Jetting
model furniture see furniture (model)
model replication 213
modeling programs see 3D modeling programs
models see 3D modeling programs; scenic models
Molten Polymer Deposition (MPD) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Monster’s. Inc. 279 f10.10a
Morris, Christopher (Salem State University) 219 f8.33a, f8.33b, f8.34, 219–20
mounting and installation 106, 106 f4.37
mouse ears 154, 154 f6.22, 179
moving bed positioning systems 31
MPD (Molten Polymer Deposition) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) see SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
multi-extrusion 32, 106, 152, 153
Multi-Jet Modeling (MJM) see Photopolymer Jetting
MultiJet Printing (MJP) see Photopolymer Jetting
Mulvaney Studios 84 f4.10
Murillo, Christopher Scott (scenic designer) 198–9, 199 f8.14
museums 305–13; Digital Museums 307; fine art 307–10; science and technology 306 f11.2, 306–7; sculpture 310–13; Smithsonian Institute 307
Nardella, Justin 222 f8.36a
Nervous System 85 f4.11
Nicolaidis, Johnny 222 f8.36b
Norée, Daniel 320 f12.2
normals: reversed 94, 95, 95 f4.25; smoothing 121, 121 f5.13a, f5.13b, 122 f5.14
North, Richard (Artem) 213, 225–7, 285–7, 346, 348
nozzle 31; clogged 177; size 92, 93 f4.23a, f4.23b
nylon: as dyeable filament 42; dyeing 165
object-based editing software see vector-graphic design programs
occlusions 68, 73; see also self-occluding
Octave Systems Incorporated 163 f6.30
Olson, Jim (Peabody Essex Museum) 307–10
OpenKnit 24 f1.29
Optical Fabrication see stereolithography (SLA)
orientation (on build plate) 91, 91 f4.21, 140 f6.2, 140–3; zipper 142
outsourcing (of printing) 352–4; see also printing services
overhangs 87–9, 88 f4.14, f4.15a, f4.15b; 45-degree rule 87, 89 f4.16; analysis tools 132–3, 133 f5.28; and FDM printers 87, 87 f4.13, 90–2; support structures 150–2, 151 f6.17, f6.18, 152 f6.19a, f6.19b
oversized items 17, 68, 68 f3.16, 123–5, 162, 214
The Painted House 217, 218 f8.32
painting 169–72, 170 f6.36; scenic painting 216–18, 217 f8.31a, 218 f8.31b; wood grain technique 171 f6.37
paper (as material) 13–15, 14 f1.12, f1.13, 15 f1.14, f1.15
parametric design 85, 85 f4.11
ParaNorman 291 f10.18, 291–7, 292 f10.19, f10.20, 293 f10.21, 294 f10.23, 295 f10.24, 296 f10.25, f10.26, 297 f10.27
Parthy, Kai 44 f2.17, 49 f2.22
PCL (Polycaprolactone) 41–2, 41 f2.14
Peabody Essex Museum (Salem, Mass. USA) 307–10, 308 f11.3, 309 f11.4
Pearcy, Ben (59
Productions, Inc.) xv, 342, 344
Peleg, Danit (fashion designer) 27, 27 f1.32
Pepakura Designer (software) 259, 260 f9.19b
perimeters see shells
Personal Manufacturing see printing
personalized products 319, 320 f12.2
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) 45, 45 f2.18
phooky 154 f6.21
photogrammetric modeling see photogrammetry
photogrammetry 59–69, 69 f3.17; alternative names for 59; background choices 63–4, 64 f3.11a, f3.11b; choosing a subject 60 f3.5, 61 f3.6a, f3.6b, f3.7a, f3.7b, 62 f3.8; isolating object 64, 64 f3.12, 66, 66 f3.14; lighting 64–5, 65 f3.13a, f3.13b; methodology 66–8, 67 f3.15, 68 f3.16; occlusions 68; oversized objects 68, 68 f3.16; repeatability 69; repetitive objects 62–3, 63 f3.10; stationary objects 63
Photopolymer Jetting 8; alternative names for 8; jetting printers 8–9, 267
photopolymerization 6
photopolymers 6; resins 6–7, 8, 359
Photo-Solidification see stereolithography (SLA)
PJP (Plastic Jet Printing) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
PLA (Polylactic Acid/Polylactide) 37–9, 38 f2.10, 172; dyeing 166, 167 f6.33; Flexible PLA 39–40, 39 f2.11; and food safety 359; fumes 358; High Temperature PLA (HTPLA) 39
“plane cut” tool 114 f5.9, 114, 119, 120 f5.10j, 123, 124 f5.16a
The Planet of the Apes 161 f6.28, 353 f12.40
Plastic Jet Printing (PJP) see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Pollock, Rachel E. (costume crafts artisan) 56, 230; costume design 242–3, 251–4, 252 f9.13, 253 f9.14a, 254 f9.14b; dyeing filament 165–9, 167 f6.33, 168 f6.34, 169 f6.35; masks 256–8, 257 f9.17b
polygon export 109 f5.2
polygonal modeling 84, 84 f4.10
PolyJet see Photopolymer Jetting
Poly-Jetting see Photopolymer Jetting
Portuges, Kamela (Images in Motion) 278–81, 279 f10.10a, f10.10b, 280 f10.11a, f10.11b, 306 f11.2
Powder Binder 3D Printing 12–13, 23
priming: the extruder 174–5, 175 f7.2; for painting 169–70, 170 f6.36
Pringle of Scotland 27
print beds see build plate
print capacity see build volume
print heads see extruders
print resolution see 3D print resolution
print volume see build volume
printer beds see build plate
printer control software see slicing
printers see 3D printers
printing: accuracy variations 71 f3.20; bureaus (see printing services); confections 20–3; considerations 186; definition 2; design considerations 86 f4.12, 86–106; events 319; final print 155–8; methods 3; printing times 157–8; problems (see troubleshooting); for prosthetic makeup 348–350; techniques 4–15, 4 f1.1; see also printing preferences
printing materials 32, 35–50, 160 f6.27, 227, 240 f9.7; considerations 239–40, 278; for prosthetic makeup 268
printing preferences 139–154; infill 147–9, 219; layer height 144–7; level of detail 144; orientation 140 f6.2, 140–3; print resolution 144–9; shells 148–50, 181 f7.6, 181; supports 150–4, 151 f6.17, f6.18, 152 f6.19a, f6.19b, 310
printing services 125, 158–60, 159 f6.26, 160 f6.27, 199
Print-in-Place Designs 102 f4.33, 102–4, 103 f4.34a, f4.34b
Printspace3D 5 f1.3, 7 f1.5, 13 f1.11
Print That Thing 272 f10.2
Project Shapeshifter 80 f4.5
projection 337 f12.29, 337–44; surface mapping 338–9; Vivid LIVE – Lighting the Sails 339–42, 343 f12.34a, f12.34b
props 220–230, 221 f8.35, 222 f8.36a, f8.36b, f8.37a, f8.37b, 223 f8.38, f8.39, 224 f8.40, f8.41, 225 f8.42; food models 226 f8.43; materials 227; Repo Men 228, 228 f8.44a, 229 f8.44b; set decoration 214–216, 214 f8.27, 215 f8.28, f8.29; weapons 224 f8.40
prosthetics: life casting 348; makeup 268, 346–50
prototypes 236, 268, 312, 330 f2.19, 348
Puppet Kitchen Productions 275–8, 276 f10.6, 277 f10.7, f10.8, 278 f10.9
puppets and marionettes 271–81, 274 f10.5a, f10.5b, 279 f10.10b, 280 f10.11a, f10.11b; character design 271 f10.1, 272 f10.2, 273 f10.3, f10.4; The Gunstringer 275–6, 276 f10.6; Puppet Kitchen Productions 275–8; Sweeney Todd 280 f10.11a, f10.11b
PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) 42, 43 f2.15
Rada, Mirena (costume designer) 234–42, 237 f9.3, 238 f9.4, 239 f9.5, f9.6, 241 f9.8a, 242 f9.8b, and Chimelong Ocean Kingdom theme park 240–2, 241 f9.8a, 242 f9.8b
Radovich, Andrew 170 f6.36
rafts 152–3, 153 f6.20a, f6.20b, 179
Rapid Manufacture (RM) see printing
Rapid Prototyping (RP) see printing
Rapid Tooling (RT) see printing
Real, Javier del 234 f9.1
recycling 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 360
Renaud, Yves 188 f8.1, 189 f8.4
renewable resources (printing with) see sustainable resources (printing with)
RenShape (resin) 261, 262 f9.20a
repairs (to 3D printed items): 3D printing pen 17, 19 f1.21
repairs (to 3D models): see fixing programs
replacement animation 289–304, 294 f10.23, 295 f10.24; color consistency 295, 297 f10.27, 300; “face librarian” 293–4, 294 f10.22
Replicating Rapid Prototyper see RepRap Project
Repo Men 228, 228 f8.44a, 229 f8.44b
repositories see 3D model repositories
RepRap Project 6
resins: photopolymer 6–7, 8; for Photopolymer Jetting 8; RenShape 261; skin contact with 359; for smoothing 163, 164 f6.32
resolution see layers
retraction 178
reversed normals 94, 95, 95 f4.25
Rosengrant, John (Legacy Effects) 267, 355
Rossol, Monona (Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc.) 357
Rowley, Kirsty (Weegie Puppets) 271 f10.1
Rubio, Francesco 24 f1.29
Sacramento Public Library 147 f6.12, 149 f6.15, 151 f6.17
safety xvii; and 3D printers 357–360; burns 359; disposal of materials 360; dust masks 358; flammability 44, 162, 360; food safety 359; lighting 320, 329; toxic fumes 36, 358–9; ventilation 357–8; weight-bearing objects 141–143, 141 f6.3, 142 f6.4, 143 f6.5, 219–20
Saks Fifth Avenue 317 f11.8
“Saltygloo” (Emerging Objects) 11 f1.9a, f1.9b
Samulski, Professor Edward (UNC) 9
sand (as material) 12, 12 f1.10
scaffolding see supports
scale 97–102, 97 f4.29, 98 f4.30a, 99 f4.30b; calculator 102 f4.32; conversion charts 100 f4.31a, 101 f4.31b; lighting 321 f12.5, 322 f12.6, f12.7, 322–3, 324 f12.8, f12.9, 328 f12.14; and perspective 314, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c
scenic design 187–190; 3D scanning 210–13; drawing adaptation 210; Elektra (Opéra de Montréal) 187–90; Madama Butterfly 106 f4.37; model furniture 202–210; model replication 213; models 191–202; props 220–30; safety 219; scenic construction 219–20; set decoration 214–16, 214 f8.27, 215 f8.28
scenic models 191–202, 106 f4.37, 191 f8.7, 192 f8.8, 193 f8.9, 194 f8.10, 196 f8.12a, 198 f8.13, 199 f8.14, 200 f8.15a
scenic painting 216–18, 217 f8.31a, 218 f8.31b, f8.32
Schreiber, Loren 221 f8.35
Schupbach, Michael (Puppet Kitchen Productions) 275–8, 278 f10.9
Schwartz, Ivan (StudioEIS) 311–13, 311 f11.5, 312 f11.6a, 313 f11.6b
sculpting modeling 83, 84 f4.9
sculpture 310–13, 311 f11.5, 312 f11.6a, 313 f11.6b
SDL (Selective Deposition Lamination) see Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL)
SDS (Safety Data Sheet) 8, 36, 44, 357, 359
sea salt (as material) 11
sealant 172; for food safety 359
Selective Deposition Lamination (SDL) 13–15, 14 f1.12, 15 f1.14, f1.15
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 13, 13 f1.11
self-occluding 68
service bureau see printing services
set decoration: and scenic design 214–16, 214 f8.27, 215 f8.28, f8.29, 216 f8.30a; see also props
shader tools (Meshmixer) 135–8, 136 f5.33, 136 f5.34, f5.35, 137 f5.36, f5.37
Shapeways (printing service) 127 f5.20, 159, 159 f6.26, 160, 160 f6.27, 192–3, 199, 201
Sheehan, Jay (production manager) 319, 319 f12.1
shells 148, 149 f6.15, 150, 150 f6.16; surface holes and gaps 180, 181 f7.6
sidewalks 154 f6.21
Singh, Sandeep 95 f4.25, 124 f5.16a, 373
Sink, Andrew 164 f6.31
SketchUp 95 f4.25, 95–6, 96 f4.26
SL see Spectrum Laser (SL) printers
SLA see stereolithography (SLA)
Slaney, Richard (59 Productions, Inc.) 339
slicing: process 139 f6.1; software 139–54, 140 f6.2, see also 3D printers (printer control software)
SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) see Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
SLS (Structured Light Scanning) see Structured Light Scanning (SLS)
Small Stuff 102 f4.32
Smith, Duncan 147 f6.12, 149 f6.15, 151 f6.17
Smithsonian Institute 307
smoothing 163; Meshmixer 120–2
Smooth-On 164 f6.32
Soft PLA see Flexible PLA
Softsolder.com 4 f1.2
Solid Free-Form Fabrication see stereolithography (SLA)
Solid Imaging see stereolithography (SLA)
solid layers 150
solids see Add Solids; Make Solid
sound 332–7, 333 f12.21, f12.22, 334 f12.23, f12.24, 335 f12.25, f12.26, 336 f12.27, f12.28a, 337 f12.28b
Spaeth, David (Spaeth Design) 316, 317–18
Spaeth, Sandy (Spaeth Design) 317, 318
Spaeth Design 316–18, 317 f11.8
speakers 336, 336 f12.27, f12.28a, 337 f12.28b; 3D printed 336 f12.27, 336–7, 337 f12.28b; model 333 f12.21
special effects 348 f12.37; effect rigs 344–6, 345 f12.35a, f12.35b, 347 f12.36a, f12.36b; life casting 348; makeup 346–50; materials 349–50; miniatures 350–2, 351 f12.39
specialized items 97
specialty blends (filament) 46–50, 46 f2.19
Spectrum Laser (SL) printers 7
sprue 203–5, 204 f8.20a, 205 f8.20b
Stacchi, Anthony (film director) 297
Standard Transmission Productions, Inc. 313–14, 314 f11.7a, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c
Star Wars: ‘Holochess’ game 287–9, 289 f10.16
Stereo Lithographic (file extension, also Stereolithography) 59
stereolithography (SLA) 6 f1.4, 6–8, 7 f1.5, 8 f1.6; alternative names for 7; Photopolymer Jetting 8–9; SLA printers 7–8
Stereolithography Apparatus see stereolithography (SLA)
stereophotogrammetry see photogrammetry
STL files 107; fixing 110; in Vectorworks 107–9, 108 f5.1
stone composites 47–8, 48 f2.21
stop-motion animation 287–304; The Boxtrolls 297–302; Coraline 290; Kubo and the Two Strings 302–4; ParaNorman 291–7; replacement animation 289–304; Star Wars 287–289
Stratasys 6, 303, 310; Photopolymer Jetting 8–9
strength: and layers 141 f6.3, 141–2, 142 f6.4, 143 f6.5
Structure from Motion (SFM) see photogrammetry
Structured Light Scanning (SLS) 73 f3.23, f3.24, f3.25, 73–4
StudioEIS 311 f11.5, 311–13, 312 f11.6a, 313 f11.6b
subtractive manufacturing 2, 371
Super Glue (cyanoacrylate resin) 12, 14, 162, 253, 293, 295, 300
supports 150–2, 151 f6.17, f6.18, 152 f6.19a, f6.19b; for bridges and overhangs 90 f4.19, f4.20, f4.21, 90–2; custom supports 91, 91 f4.20, f4.21, 132, 150; for sculptures 310
surface imperfections 180
surface mapping 338 f12.30, f12.31a, 338–9, 339 f12.31b
surface modeling 84
sustainable resources (printing with) 10–12, 11 f1.9a, f1.9b, 12 f1.10
Sweeney Todd 259 f9.19a, 259–61, 260 f9.19b, f9.19c; puppets 280 f10.11a, f10.11b
Sydney Opera House (Vivid LIVE – Lighting the Sails) 339–44, 340 f12.32, 341 f12.33a, f12.33b, 342 f12.33c, 343 f12.34a, f12.34b
Synapse Dress 28 f1.33
syringe-style extrusion 20, 20 f1.22
Tartuffe 215–217, 215 f8.29, 216 f8.30a, 217 f8.30b
Taylor, Sir Richard (Weta Workshop) 351 f12.39, 352, 353, 354–5, 354 f12.41
Taylor-Harris, Barbara 17 f1.18
teaching tools 326 f12.12, 326–7, 327 f12.13, 329
temperature settings 47, 48, 178, 182, 184
tensile strength: and layers 141–2, 142 f6.4
Terminator 2: Judgment Day 9
Termine, Richard 280 f10.11b, f10.11b
textiles see digital textiles
Thermoplastic Extrusion see Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
thermoplastic filament see filament
thickness requirements 132–3, 134 f5.29; Granular Material Binding (GMB) 128 f5.20, 128–31, 129 f5.21, f5.22; in Meshmixer 130–1, 130 f5.23, f5, 24, 131 f5.25, 133–4
Thingiverse xvii, 38 f2.10, 39 f2.11, 43 f2.15, 47 f2.20, 50 f2.23, 56–8, 57 f3.2, 58 f3.3, f3.4, 93 f4.23b, 100 f4.31a, 101 f4.31b, 102 f4.33, 103 f4.34a, f4.34b, 104 f4.35, 105 f4.36a, f4.36b, 126 f5.17, 145 f6.8, 147 f6.12, 149 f6.15, 151 f6.17, 154 f6.21, f6.22, 157 f6.25, 164 f6.31, 169 f6.35, 181 f7.7, 183 f7.9, 211 f8.24, 214 f8.27, 215 f8.28, 222 f8.36a, 224 f8.41, 225 f8.42, 252 f9.13, 253 f9.14a, 320 f12.2, f12.3, 323 f12.6, 330 f12.18, 333 f12.21, 348 f12.37; “Flexible Inspiration” models 92; Kacie Hultgren’s collections 92, 103, 152; Print-in-Place objects 103 f4.34a, f4.34b
thread width 92–3, 93 f4.23a, f4.23b
Tinkerine 176 f7.3
Tollington, Alex (AVID Labs®) 332
tools: for finishing 161, 161 f6.28, 162 f6.29, 163 f6.30
TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer/Rubber) 40–1, 41 f2.13
tramming see leveling build plate
transparent filament 44–5, 44 f2.17, 45 f2.18
troubleshooting 173–184; curling 179–80, 180 f7.5; deformations 180–2, 181 f7.6, f7.7, 182 f7.8; delamination 182–4, 183 f7.9, f7.10; extrusion issues 174 f7.1, 174–8, 178 f7.4; formation issues 178–180; surface imperfections 180–4, 181 f7.7
Tseng, Jared 245 f9.10a
tutorials 56–58, 98–99, 106, 114, 115–120, 123–5, 130–1, 207–10, 217, 231–2, 248–51
underproppers 244, 251–252, 252 f9.13
understructures: for costume design 251–4, 252 f9.13, 253 f9.14a, 254 f9.14b
Undo Prototipos 188 f8.2, 189 f8.3, 190 f8.5, f8.6
units (in Vectorworks) 107
USIMM, Inc. 262 f9.20a, f9.20b, 263 f9.20c, f9.20d
Valenzuela, Miguel 21 f1.24
variations on 3D printing 16–28
vector-graphic design programs 85
Vectorworks xvi, 85, 95–6, 96 f4.27, 97 f4.28, 98 f4.30a, 98–9, 99 f4.30b, f4.30c; STL file export 107–9, 108 f5.1, 109 f5.2
ventilation 8, 36, 38, 42, 44, 163, 170, 357–8
Vero (PolyJet material) 227, 228, 239
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (.vrml) 107
Vivid LIVE – Lighting the Sails (Sydney Opera House) 339–44, 340 f12.32, 341 f12.33a, f12.33b, 342 f12.33c, 343 f12.34a, f12.34b
VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) 36, 38, 358–9
Waiting for Godot 211 f8.25, 211–12, 212 f8.26
wall thickness 94, 94 f4.24, 126, 129, 129 f5.21
warping 17, 30, 34, 36, 37, 39, 46, 143, 154, 357, 360,
warranty protection 34
watertight see manifold integrity
wearable technology 28; Synapse Dress 28 f1.33
weather effects 344–6, 345 f12.35a, f12.35b
weight-bearing objects 219–20; safety 219–20
Wenzel America Ltd. 70 f3.18, 73 f3.23
Weta Workshop 161 f6.28, 288, 305 f11.1, 351 f12.39, 351–5, 353 f12.40, 354 f12.41
Wilson, Jamie 48 f2.21
window displays 313–18; Macy’s 314 f11.7a, 315 f11.7b, f11.7c; Saks Fifth Avenue 317 f11.8
Winnett, Adam 64 f3.11a, f3.11b
Winslow, Colin (set and costume designer) xv, 92 f4.22, 157, 157 f6.25, 171, 172, 197–8, 198 f8.13, 204 f8.19
Wipprecht, Anouk 28 f1.33
wood composites 46–7, 47 f2.20
workflow 52–3, 76–7 f4.1; overview 53 f3.1
World of WearableArt Ltd. 18 f1.19
XYZ Workshop 26 f1.31, 40 f2.12
Zambini Brothers 185
ZBrush 276, 288, 310, 314, 350
Z-gap (Z-offset) 155 f6.23, 155–7, 156 f6.24a, f6.24b, 175, 180
Z-offset see Z-gap