Endnotes

  1. 1. Gandolfi, F., and Littler, C. R. (2012). Downsizing is dead; long live the downsizing phenomenon: Conceptualizing the phases of cost-cutting. Journal of Management and Organization, 18, 334–345.

  2. 2. Babcock, C. (2013). Zynga, cloud pioneer, must fix revenue woes. Information Week-Online, retrieved via Proquest.

  3. 3. Marshall, A., McColgan P., and McLeish, S. (2012). Why do stock prices decline in response to employee layoffs? UK evidence from the 2008 global financial crisis. The Journal of Financial Research, 35, 375–396.

  4. 4. Parzefall, M. R. (2012). A close call: Perceptions of alternative HR arrangements to layoffs. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27, 799–813.

  5. 5. Blau, G., Petrucci, T., and McClendon, J. (2012). Effects of layoff victims’ justice reactions and emotional responses on attitudes toward their previous employer. Career Development International, 17, 500–517.

  6. 6. Polsky, D. (1999). Changing consequences of job separation in the United States. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 52, 565–580.

  7. 7. Cascio, W. F. (1991). Costing human resources: The financial impact of behavior in organizations. Boston: PWS-Kent.

  8. 8. Berris, M., and Jackson, V. (2008). The art of retaining employees. Canadian Underwriter, 75, 36–38.

  9. 9. Retention management and metrics. (2002). Available at www.nobscot.com/sales/retention.cfm.

  10. 10. Nancherla, A. (2008). Retention tension: Keeping high-potential employees. T&D, 62, 18.

  11. 11. Lewis, D. E. (2005, January 2). Online exit interviews reveal more honesty. Boston Globe, Boston Works section, G2.

  12. 12. Mitchell, B. (2008). Mission not impossible: Reduce turnover and absenteeism while improving KPIs. Customer Interaction Solutions, 26, 18–22.

  13. 13. Taylor, J. (1999, April). Avoid avoidable turnover. Workforce, 6.

  14. 14. Mobley, W. H. (1982). Employee turnover: Causes, consequences, and control. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

  15. 15. The Economist. (1999, September 4). Aging workers: A full life, 65–68.

  16. 16. Munk, N. (1999, February 1). Finished at forty. Fortune, 50–54.

  17. 17. Richards, D. (1999, July 5). Petrochemical manufacturers lay off thousands. Chemical Market Reporter, 5, 40.

  18. 18. Robbins, D. K., and Pearce, J. A. (1992). Turnaround: Retrenchment and recovery. Strategic Management Journal, 13, 287–309.

  19. 19. Laabs, J. (1999, April). Has downsizing missed its mark? Workforce, 30–38.

  20. 20. Kuczynski, S. (1999, June). Help! I shrunk the company. HRMagazine, 40–45.

  21. 21. Messmer, M. (1991, October). Right-sizing reshapes staffing strategies. HRMagazine, 60–62.

  22. 22. Hill, R. E., and Dwyer, P. C. (1990, September). Grooming workers for early retirement. HRMagazine, 59–63.

  23. 23. Grant, P. B. (1991). The “open window—Special early retirement plans in transition. Employee Benefits Journal, 16(1), 10–16.

  24. 24. Murauski, J. (2005, April 20). Hundreds to make up for buyouts. The News & Observer (Raleigh, NC), D-1.

  25. 25. Beck, M. (1991, December 9). Old enough to get fired. Newsweek, 64.

  26. 26. Ehrenberg, R. G., and Jakubson, G. H. (1989). Advance notification of plant closing: Does it matter? Industrial Relations, 28, 60–71.

  27. 27. Brockner, J., Grover, S., Reed, T. F., and DeWitt, R. L. (1992). Layoffs, job insecurity, and survivors’ work effort: Evidence of an inverted-U relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 413–425.

  28. 28. Bayer, R. (2000, January). Firing: Letting people go with dignity is good for business. HR Focus, 10.

  29. 29. Bunning, R. L. (1990). The dynamics of downsizing.Personnel Journal, 69(9), 69–75.

  30. 30. Thibodeau, P. (1998, February 19). Computer security woes come from outside as well as within. Computerworld. www.computerworld.com/home/onine9697.nsf/all/980218computer1CEBA; Fabis, P. (1998, June 15). Safe exits. CIO, Sect. 1, 32.

  31. 31. Sweet, D. H. (1989). Outplacement. In W. Cascio (Ed.), Human resource planning, employment and placement. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs.

  32. 32. Newman, L. (1988). Goodbye is not enough. Personnel Administrator, 33(2), 84–86.

  33. 33. Naumann, S. E., Bennett, N., Bies, R. J., and Martin, C. L. (1999). Laid off, but still loyal: The influence of perceived justice and organizational support. International Journal of Conflict Management, 9, 356–368.

  34. 34. Resourcing. (2008, May). Outplacement: Helping staff to deal with redundancy, 28, 22.

  35. 35. Sweet, D. H. (1989). Outplacement. In W. Cascio (Ed.), Human resource planning, employment and placement. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs.

  36. 36. Gibson, V. M. (1991). The ins and outs of outplacement. Management Review, 80(10), 59–61.

  37. 37. Burdett, J. O. (1988). Easing the way out. Personnel Administrator, 33(6), 157–166.

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