Japan, labor relations in, 475

Jim Crow laws, 87

Job aids, 248

Job analysis

• explanation of, 57, 302

• legal environment and, 63

• organizational flexibility and, 63

• responsibility for, 57

• steps in, 59

• task inventory analysis and, 59

• techniques of, 59–63

Job applications

• appropriate questions for, 106–108

• forms, 165

• medical testing for, 14–15

Job banding, 309

Job-based compensation tools

• evaluation of, 308–309

• explanation of, 300–302

• guidelines for applying, 309–310

• job evaluation as, 302

• market surveys as, 306

• within-pay-range positioning criteria as, 308

Job characteristics theory of motivation, 54–55

Job descriptions

• duties and responsibilities, 66

• elements of, 66–67

• examples of, 65

• explanation of, 63, 302

• general, 65–66

• identification information, 66

• job summary, 66

• method to write, 81

• minimum qualifications, 67

• specific, 63

• specifications, 66–67

Job design

• changes in, 192

• explanation of, 55

• job enlargement and job rotation and, 56

• job enrichment and, 56–57

• team based, 57

• work simplification and, 55–56

Job dissatisfaction, 329

Job enlargement, 56

Job enrichment, 56–57

Job evaluation, 302

Job hierarchy, 305

Job incumbent, 57

Job insecurity, 20

Job interviews

• guidelines for, 168, 169

• questions appropriate for, 106–108, 167–168

• as selection tool, 167–169

• types of, 167–169

Job performance. See Performance, job

Job-posting systems, 271–272

Job relatedness defense, 89

Job rotation

• advantages and disadvantages of, 277

• explanation of, 56, 244, 249

• purpose of, 276

Jobs

• focus on work vs., 67

• by grade levels, 305–306

• information gathering about, 58

Job sharing, 68–69, 140

Job specifications, 57, 66–67, 302–303

Job training. See Employee training

Joint ventures, 7, 536

Junior employees, 2

Junior stock, 348

Just cause standard of discipline, 448–449