Alec Radford, Luke Metz, and Soumith Chintala proposed deep convolutional GANs (DCGANs) in a paper titled Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks, which is available at the following link: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.06434.pdf. Vanilla GANs don't usually have convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in their networks. This was proposed for the first time with the introduction of DCGANs. We will learn how to generate anime character faces using DCGANs in Chapter 3, Face Aging Using Conditional GANs.