Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Logic, foundations of computer science, and applications of logic to computer science

1.2. On the utility of logic for computer engineers

Chapter 2: A Few Thoughts Before the Formalization

2.1. What is logic?

2.2. Some historic landmarks

Chapter 3: Propositional Logic

3.1. Syntax and semantics

3.2. The method of semantic tableaux

3.3. Formal systems

3.4. A formal system for PL (PC)

3.5. The method of Davis and Putnam

3.6. Semantic trees in PL

3.7. The resolution method in PL

3.8. Problems, strategies, and statements

3.9. Horn clauses

3.10. Algebraic point of view of propositional logic

Chapter 4: First-order Terms

4.1. Matching and unification

4.2. First-order terms, substitutions, unification

Chapter 5: First-Order Logic (FOL) or Predicate Logic (PL1, PC1)

5.1. Syntax

5.2. Semantics

5.3. Semantic tableaux in FOL

5.4. Unification in the method of semantic tableaux

5.5. Toward a semi-decision procedure for FOL

5.6. Semantic trees in FOL

5.7. The resolution method in FOL

5.8. A decidable class: the monadic class

5.9. Limits: Gödel’s (first) incompleteness theorem

Chapter 6: Foundations of Logic Programming

6.1. Specifications and programming

6.2. Toward a logic programming language

6.3. Logic programming: examples

6.4. Computability and Horn clauses

Chapter 7: Artificial Intelligence

7.1. Intelligent systems: AI

7.2. What approaches to study AI?

7.3. Toward an operational definition of intelligence

7.4. Can we identify human intelligence with mechanical intelligence?

7.5. Some history

7.6. Some undisputed themes in AI

Chapter 8: Inference

8.1. Deductive inference

8.2. An important concept: clause subsumption

8.3. Abduction

8.4. Inductive inference

8.5. Generalization: the generation of inductive hypotheses

Chapter 9: Problem Specification in Logical Languages

9.1. Equality

9.2. Constraints

9.3. Second Order Logic (SOL): a few notions

Chapter 10: Non-Classical Logics

10.1. Many-valued logics

10.2. Inaccurate concepts: fuzzy logic

10.3. Modal logics

10.4. Some elements of temporal logic

Chapter 11: Knowledge and Logic: Some Notions

11.1. What is knowledge?

11.2. Knowledge and modal logic

Chapter 12: Solutions to the Exercises

Bibliography

Index

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