Index

As this ebook edition doesn't have fixed pagination, the page numbers below are hyperlinked for reference only, based on the printed edition of this book.

Symbols

--set flag 65

--values flag 65

A

Amazon S3 184

Apache httpd 184

application

deploying, from remote Helm chart repository with Agro CD 229, 230

ApplicationSet Controller, generators

reference link 231

Argo CD

about 221

installing 222-225

used, for deploying application from remote Helm chart repository 229, 230

Argo CD Application Controller 223

Argo CD, Git Webhook Configuration

reference link 229

Argo CD Repo Server 223

Argo CD Server 223

Argo Helm Charts

reference link 222

Artifact Hub

about 47

URL 184

automated life cycle hooks

providing 20

B

backup/persistentvolumeclaim.yaml template 172, 173

bare pod 164

Bitnami repository

adding 51, 52

Bitnami repository chart retention policy 50

blackbox

reference link 272

boilerplate 15

browser

WordPress charts, viewing in 49, 50

built-in objects

about 125, 126

.Capabilities object 130

.Chart object 128, 129

.Files object 131-133

.Release object 127, 128

.Template object 130

C

cache path 37

capabilities, Linux manual page

reference link 268

certificate authority (CA) certificate 275

chart definition 53, 94

chart dependencies

declaring 102, 103

downloading 104-108

chart development

features 197

ChartMuseum 275

about 184

reference link 184

chart rendering

server-side validation, adding 198

chart repository 47

charts 17

chart test

improving, with Chart Testing tool 205, 206

running 203, 204

Chart Testing project

about 206, 207

reference link 206

Chart Testing tool

installing 208-210

Chart.yaml file

about 94, 95

Bitnami/WordPress Chart.yaml file 98

dependencies map 103, 104

fields 95, 96

metadata, on Artifact Hub 97

child charts 116

chroots 5

Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) 5

cluster-admin role 41

code reuse

enabling, with library charts 154, 155

enabling, with named templates 153, 154

command line

WordPress charts, searching from 48, 49

Command-Line Interface (CLI) 206

conditional dependencies

creating 108-112

configuration path 38

container orchestration 6, 7

containers 5

Content Management System (CMS) 46

continuous integration/continuous delivery (CI/CD) 220

control loop 238

CRDs

creating 155, 156

managing 252, 253

CRs

managing 252, 253

CyberArk Conjur 272

D

data integrity 256

data path 38

data provenance 256

declarative resources

configuring, dynamically 19

dependencies map

in Chart.yaml 103, 104

dependency names

altering 112-116

dependency values

altering 112-116

development-operations (DevOps) 4

digital signatures

about 256

verifying 257

dump.rdb file 171

E

edit role 41

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) 4

environment variables

about 37

HELM_CONFIG_HOME or XDG_CONFIG_HOME 37

HELM_DATA_HOME or XDG_DATA_HOME 37

HELM_DRIVER 38

HELM_NAMESPACE 38

KUBECONFIG 38

F

finalizers 226

Flux 221

G

git-crypt

reference link 272

GitHub Pages 184

GitHub Pages repository

cloning 186, 187

creating 185, 186

GitOps

about 220

using 221

Git repository

Helm chart, deploying from 225-228

glob pattern 132

Go 123

Go templates 123

GPG key pair

creating 257-259

Guestbook 238

Guestbook application

about 84

deploying 250-252

Guestbook chart

deploying 160, 161

deployment template, updating 158, 159

Redis values, updating 158

values.yaml file, updating 158, 159

Guestbook Chart.yaml file

updating 99

Guestbook Helm chart

hook, writing 170, 171

publishing, to HTTP repository 184-189

publishing, to OCI registry 190-193

scaffolding 88, 89

updating 117, 118

Guestbook operator

deploying 246-249

Guestbook operator control loop

about 239, 240

local development environment, preparing 240-242

operator file structure, scaffolding 242, 243

operator image, building 243-245

H

HashiCorp Vault 272

Helm

about 15, 23

benefits 18-20

configuring 34

downloads, verifying 259-263

installing 33, 34

reference link 33

security considerations 255

setting up 33

Helm chart

about 45

chart repositories, accessing 274- 276

deploying, from Git repository 225-228

deploying, to multiple environments 230-234

linting 199, 200

security 266

signing 263-265

verifying 264-266

Helm chart repository 183, 184

Helm configuration

authentication 39-41

authorization 41, 42

environment variables 37, 38

plugins, adding 36

tab completion 38

upstream repositories, adding 34-36

helm create command

about 88

files 89, 90

Guestbook Helm chart, scaffolding 88, 89

Helm Diff 36

helm get all command 64

helm get notes command 63

helm get values command 63

Helm hook

about 164, 165

cleanup 169, 170

Helm chart, installation 165, 166

life cycle 167, 168

life cycle, executing 178, 179

reference link 167

helm install command 58

Helm Monitor 37

Helm plugins

examples, upstream plugins 36

reference link 36

helm rollback command 76

helm search hub command 48, 49

Helm Secrets 36

helm show readme command 54

helmsman 6

Helm template

basics 122, 123

control structures 140-145

functions 133-139

linting 201

server-side validation, adding to chart rendering 198

validating, with helm template command 196, 197

values 124, 125

variables 146-148

verifying 196

Helm template validation

about 148

fail function 148-150

required function 150, 151

values.schema.json file 151, 152

Helm Unittest 37

high availability (HA) 6, 7

hook

about 164

pre-rollback life cycle phase 171

pre-upgrade life cycle phase 171

writing, in Guestbook Helm chart 171

hook deletion policies

reference link 169

horizontal scaling 7

HTTP repository

Guestbook Helm chart, publishing to 184-189

HTTP server

using 184

J

jails 5

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 87, 88, 122

job 164

K

key-value pairs

defining 85

kubebuilder 239

kubeconfig file

clusters 39

contexts 39

users 39

kubectl

about 9

declarative configuration 11-13

downloading, from link 32

download link, for Linux 32

download link, for macOS 32

download link, for Windows 32

imperative configuration 10, 11

installing 30

installing, via minikube 30

installing, without minikube 31

package manager, using 31, 32

setting up 29

kubectl config view command 40

Kubernetes

about 5, 221

community 7

container orchestration 6, 7

high availability (HA) 7

resources 8, 9

scalability 7

Kubernetes application

deploying 8

Kubernetes environment

creating 54, 55

Kubernetes operators 238, 239

Kubernetes package manager 16-18

Kubernetes resources

complexity, abstracting 18, 19

Kustomize 157, 246

L

library charts

code reuse, enabling 154, 155

lint-and-install command

executing 207, 211-214

live Kubernetes cluster

tests, performing in 202, 203

live state synchronization

simplifying 20

local Kubernetes environment

minibuke usage, exploring 28, 29

minikube, installing 24, 25

preparing, with minibuke 24

VirtualBox, configuring as default driver 27, 28

VirtualBox, installing 26, 27

local state synchronization

simplifying 20

M

maps 86

message digest 256

microservices 4, 5

minikube

about 24

installing 24, 25

reference link, of releases page 25

resource allocation, configuring 28

usage, exploring 28, 29

minikube environment

setting up 196, 222

monolithic 4

monorepo 205

N

named templates

code reuse, enabling 153, 154

NGINX 92, 184

NodePort services 207

O

OCI Guestbook chart

pulling 193

ongoing history of revisions

maintaining 19

Open Container Initiative (OCI) registry

about 184

Guestbook Helm chart, publishing to 190-193

OpenSCAP 267

Operator Framework 239

Operator pattern 239

operators

managing 252, 253

P

package managers 16, 17, 45

parent chart 102

persistentvolumeclaim.yaml template 174

Personal Access Token (PAT) 243

Personal Account Token (PAT)

creating 191

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) 84

pipelines 136

plugins

about 36

adding, to Helm 36

post rendering 156, 157

pre-rollback hook

creating, to restore database 174-177

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) 256

pre-upgrade hook

creating, to store data snapshot 171-174

Principle of Least Privilege 272

private keys 256

provenance file 265

R

RBAC rules

configuring 272, 273

Redis 84, 223

release history 19

release notes

generating 145, 146

remote Helm chart repository

Agro CD, used for deploying application from 229, 230

repository 47

resource configuration

challenges 13-15

resource management

approaches 9

resources

deploying, in intelligent order 20

restore/job.yaml template 177

restore/rolebinding.yaml template 176

restore/serviceaccount.yaml template 175

revision 74

revision history

example 19

role-based access control (RBAC) 41

RPM Package Manager (RPM) 17

S

scaffolded Guestbook chart

deploying 91-93

Secrets OPerationS (SOPS)

about 271

reference link 271

security, Helm charts

developing 266

resource limits, setting 268-270

resource requests, setting 268-270

secrets, handling 270, 271

secure images, using 266-268

self-hosted WordPress instance 46

self-hosted WordPress.org 46

SemVer versioning 206

server-side validation

adding, to chart rendering 198

service 7

set-cluster command 39

set-context command 40

set-credentials command 39

software applications 4

Source Code Management (SCM) 65

source of truth (SOT) 14

T

templates 19, 121

time to live (TTL) 169

V

values 19

vertical scaling 7

view role 41, 272

VirtualBox

configuring, as default driver 27

download link 27

installing 26

URL 26

virtual machine (VM) 5

Vuls 267

W

WordPress

about 46

accessing 66-70

WordPress chart

finding 47

information, displaying from command line 52-54

installation, running 58, 59

installing 55

release, inspecting 60-65

searching, from command line 48, 49

values file, creating for configuration 55-58

viewing, in browser 49, 50

WordPress.com

about 46

disadvantages, over self-hosted WordPress.org 46

WordPress history

inspecting 74-76

WordPress.org 46

WordPress release

Helm values, modifying 70, 71

rollback, running 76, 77

rolling back 74

uninstalling 78

upgrade, running 71, 72

upgrading 70

values, resetting during upgrade 73, 74

values, reusing during upgrade 73, 74

World Wide Web (WWW) 4

X

XDG Base Directory Specification 37

Y

YAML Ain’t Markup Language (YAML)

about 85, 122

JSON format 87, 88

key-value pairs, defining 85, 86

value types 86, 87