INDEX

123, RF 144

link 189

16-Bit Manipulation 82–83

100% rule 85

A

Alain Briot, link 201

Alamy 2, 11, 159–160, 162, 184

discussion group, link 202

link 199

Albumo

link 190

American Bar Association Copyright

Basics

link 201

Antialiasing filter 94

Aperture

and macro lenses 145

and shutter speed 69–74

smaller lens 84

wide 40, 65, 69, 88, 156

Artifacts 91–93

Adobe Camera Raw and 95

and compact digital cameras 106, 141

lossy compression 91–92

minimizing 92–93

and noise-reduction programs 92

and sharpening 99

Artist exclusivity 27, 143–144, 170

and Dreamstime 23

and Fotolia 25

and iStockphoto 26–27

prediction 188

Arts and Humanities Data Service FAQ

link 200

B

Backgrounds

and clipping paths 129–133

composition and 64–65, 69

fixing 128–129

home studios and 119, 123, 126

vector images as 59, 61

Big Stock Photo

link 189

Bit depth

and CCD scanners 117

and image manipulation 80

bridge cameras 108–109

Brightnewlight

link 201

C

Cadmium

link 190

Camera Labs

link 201

Camera shake 45, 73, 84, 88, 99, 105, 121

Can Stock Photo

link 190

Case studies 165–174

Chromatic aberrations 93

and Photoshop's Lens correction tool 93

and Silkypix 93

Clipping paths 48, 129–134

Color 69

balance of camera 138

blotches 88

in compositions 41, 46, 54, 63, 69

example of 71, 72

moiré and color noise 93–95

and monitor calibration 78

sRGB color space 153–155

Color artifact removal software 95

Quantum Mechanic 200

Commissions 10, 13, 18, 21–27

123 RF 189

Albumo 190

and artist exclusivity 27, 143–144, 170

Big Stock Photo 189

Dreamstime 23–24, 189

Fotolia 25, 189

Geckostock 190

Gimmestock 190

iStockphoto 26–27, 189

Lucky Oliver 190

predictions for 188

referral 146–148

ScandinavianStockPhoto 190

Shuttermap 190

Shutterstock 24–25, 189

SmallPhotoMedia 189

SnapVillage 189

Stockxpert 189

compact digital cameras 106–108

and noise 85

Composition

checklist 63–64

compositionally challenged image 64–66

rule of thirds 45, 65–68

Copyrights 175–179

for editorial use only photographs 160

and privacy 179

and registration 176

removing symbols and logos in photographs 97–99

rejection 45, 98, 180–181

removing from photographs 97–99

resources 200–201

third-party copyright 176–177

Corbis 2, 6, 159, 184

link 199

and SnapVillage 11, 144, 186–187, 189

Crop factor sensors 107, 112

Cropping 68–69, 155

and medium format digital 114

D

Depth of field 40, 73, 84, 152, 156

example of high depth of field 75

example of shallow depth of field 74

Digital Camera HQ

link 201

Digital Camera Review

link 201

Digital cameras 7

advantages of 104–105, 141–143

and antialiasing filter 94

bridge cameras 108–109

compact digital cameras 106–108

fixed lens 108

cutaway 108

digital sensor size comparison 107

digital single-lens reflex cameras 105, 109–113

and dust 96 97

and file formats 79, 92

manual, read the 155

medium format digital cameras 113–114

and noise 85

prosumer cameras 108–109

reviews 201

scanning backs 114–115

versus film 103–106

Digital Photography Blog link 201

Digital Photography Review link 201

Digital single-lens reflex cameras (dSLRs) 109–113, 141, 143

crop factor 112

four thirds system 113

live view 105

and macro lenses 145

open standards 113

Discussion groups 146, 181

photo equipment review and 201

stock-related, links 201–202

Dreamstime 144

affiliate/referral program 148

extended licenses 23–24

ftp upload 24

link 189

model and property release samples 192–195

purchase options 16–18

royalties 23–24

Drum scanners 116–117

Dust blobs 96–97

and built-in dust-reduction systems 96–97

clone stamp 96–97

patch tool 96

spot healing brush 96

E

Equipment

advantages of digital cameras 104–105

bridge cameras 108–109

compact digital cameras 106–108

digital single-lens reflex cameras 105,

109–113

drum scanners 116–117

expensive 16

film or digital? 103–104

film scanner 116–117

flatbed scanners 116–117

medium format digital cameras

113–114

photo equipment review and discussion, links 201

prosumer cameras 108–109

scanning backs 114–115

Exposure

aperture and shutter speed 73–74, 84

expose to the right 85, 120

and high dynamic range (HDR) 121

histogram 85, 87

and night shots 47

and noise 85–88

raw format and 79–82

setting 86

Extended (enhanced) licenses 23

Dreamstime 23–24

Fotolia 25

iStockphoto 26

Shutterstock 24

F

Featurepics

link 190

Film grain 85, 105, 162

Fine Art Photography

link 201

Flash

color temperature 138

meter 136 139

studio 120

Focal length 63, 68–69, 74, 75–76

Forums 146, 163, 201–202

Fotolia

affiliation program 147–148

application programming interface 148

commission structure 25

customer support 25

European market 25

extended licenses 25

ftp upload 25

image search screen capture 52

licensing and pricing screen capture 21

link 189

model and property release samples 198

purchase options 19

FotoMind

link 190

Fotosearch 162

ftp software 145

BulletProof 199

Classic FTP 199

Cute FTP 199

FTP Voyager 199

Smart FTP 199

WS_FTP 199

ftp upload 162, 173

Dreamstime 16, 24

Fotolia 25

iStockphoto 26

Shutterstock 25

G

Galastock

link 190

Geckostock

link 190

Getty 2, 6, 159, 184

and iStockphoto 11, 143–144, 151, 186

link 199

Gimmestock

link 190

H

High dynamic range (HDR) 121

Home studio, setting up 119–140

and backgrounds 128–134

backlit studio setup 123

and business shots 126

and isolated images 126–129

lighting techniques, advanced 134–139

macro lenses 122–123

and people shots 125–126

simple setup 123–125

table and window setup 119–122

Hyperfocal distance 73

I

Image Vortex

link 190

Images, types of

architecture 45

business 30–36, 50, 126

cityscapes 45–48

concept shots 57–58

fashion 36–37

flowers 52–54, 56

food 40–42

isolated 31, 50, 51, 126–129

lifestyle 30–36

landscape 42–45

night shots 47–48

objects 48–52

people shots 125–126

rule of thirds 45

seasonal and festive 36–40, 127

signs 58, 60

simple 29

travel 42–45

vectors 58–59, 61–62

Imaging Resource

link 201

Intellectual property rights 45

ISO settings 83–84, 88, 105

and compact digital cameras 106–107

Isolated images 31–32, 48, 50, 51, 126–129, 151

and clipping paths 130

iStockphoto 7, 9, 10, 11

artist exclusivity 26, 27, 143–144

commission structure 26–27

extended licenses 26

founding of 8–10

ftp upload 26

and Getty 11, 186

key word system 151–152

link 189

Photographers Training Manual 78

purchase options 19, 22

referrals 147

video offering 187

J

Joe Cornish

link 201

JPEG file format 79–81

and artifacts 91–93

and clipping paths 129

and color balance 138

and manipulation 82–83

and sharpening 99

and sRGB color space 154–155

versus raw 80–81

K

Keywords 150–152

how to enter keywords 151

L

Lenses

dirty 99

fisheye lens 75

fixed lenses on compact cameras 108

and focal length 68, 74, 99

lens correction filter 93

macro 53–54, 65, 120, 122–123, 145–146

moderate telephone lens 69

open standard 113

portrait lens 69

quality 99

specially designed 112

standard lens 69

telephoto lens 43, 69, 74

wide-angle lens 33, 43, 45, 69, 73

Licenses 6, 11–12, 21–27, 159

Lighting techniques, advanced 134–138

color balance 138

flash meter 136–139

light tents 136

links for lighting tips 202

product tables 136

rim lighting 134–136

slave relay 138

Links, useful 199–202

Livingstone, Bruce 8, 186

predictions 187

Lossy format 81, 91

Lucky Oliver

link 190

Luminous Landscape, The, link 201

M

Macro lenses 53–54, 65, 120, 122–

123, 145–146

medium format digital cameras 113–114, 115

Microstock photography

and broadband Internet access 7

case studies 165–174

copyrights, trademarks and model

releases 175–182

cultural differences between traditional

outlets and 162

diversification of 187

earnings from 13–28, 165–174

early days of stock photography 4–6

equipment 103–118

founding of 8

future of 183–188

home studio, setup 119–140

and the Internet 7

library links 189–190

predictions for 187–188

and rights-managed stock 159–164

royalties and licenses 21–27

rules 78

sales models 16–21

site features, most important 173

submission strategies 27–28

technical issues 77–101

tips and tricks 141–158

traditional libraries, comparison of 11–12

what sells and what does not 29–62

MicroStockPhoto

link 190

Model release 41, 98, 181–182

and Data Protection Act 181

samples 191–198

Moiré and color noise 93–95

antialiasting filter 94

example of 94

software 95

Monitor calibration 78–79

Moodboard link 190

N

Neat Image 88–89

link 199

Networking 156–157

Noise 83–84, 85–91

color blotches 88

and exposure 85–88

histogram 87–88

luminance noise 85

noise-reduction software 88–91,199–200

Noise Ninja 88, 91

link 199

Noise-reduction software 88–91, 199–200

Imagenomic Noiseware 200

Neat Image 199

Nik Dfine 199

Noise Ninja 199

Richard Rosenman 200

STOIK Noise AutoFix 199

Visual Infinity Grain Surgery 200

P

Photography Review

link 201

Photoshop 15–16, 79, 82, 145

built-in noise reduction 89–91,92

built-in raw converter 82, 93, 200

clone stamp 96–97

dodge tool 124

Grain Generator 90

and moirés 94–95

Noise Ninja 88, 91

palette 130

quick selection tool 133

and sharpening 100

spot healing brush 96

Photoshop Elements 79, 82

Photo sites of interest

Alain Briot, link 201

Brightnewlight, link 201

Fine Art Photography, link 201

Joe Cornish, link 201

The Luminous Landscape, link 201

UK Large-Format Photographer's Group, link 201

PhotoSource International 162

Privacy 179

Property release 182

samples of 191–198

prosumer cameras 108–109

R

Raw file decoding software, third-party

Adobe Photoshop 200

Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 200

Apple Aperture 200

Bibble 200

DxO Optics Pro 200

Silkypix 200

Phase One Capture One LE and Pro 200

Raw file format 79–81

raw converters 82

raw file decoders 82

third-party raw decoders 82

versus JPEG 80–81

Referral links 147–148

Dreamstime 148

Fotolia 147–148

iStockphoto 147

Shutterstock 147

Registration 176

Rejections 77

architecture 177

copyright symbols and logos 97–98

dust blobs 14

film grain 105

inspection process 78

and noise 85

overfiltering an image 90

preventing 180

rules 78

sunflowers 153

Rights-managed 12, 159–163

Alamy 159

cultural differences between traditional and microstock libraries 162

specialist libraries 161–162

Royalties and licenses, see Commissions Rule of thirds 45, 65–68

Rules of microstocks 78

S

Sales models 16–21

credit package sites 16

Fotolia 19, 21

iStockphoto 19, 22

subscription sale sites 16

Shutterstock 18–19, 20

hybrid sites 16

Dreamstime 16–18

ScandinavianStockPhoto

link 190

ScanHi-End Group

link 201

Scanning backs 114–115

scanning film 114, 116–118

Selective focus 53, 65, 69, 151–152

example of 70

Sensors

and bridge cameras 109

and chromatic aberrations 93

compact digital cameras 106

and digital SLRs 109–113

digital sensor size comparisons 107

and dust 96–97

and ISO settings 83–84

moiré and color noise 93–94

and raw files 79–80

Sharpening 99–101

and camera shake 99

and dirty or greasy lens 99

and in-camera sharpening 99

and lens quality 99

and poor focus 99

and rejection 99

unsharp mask 100

Sharpening software

FocalBlade 200

Focus Magic 200

Nik Sharpener Pro 200

PhotoKit Sharpener 200

Shuttermap

link 190

Shutter speed

and aperture 69–74

Shutterstock 10, 11

extended licenses 24

ftp upload 25

link 189

model and property release samples 196–197

commissions 24–25

purchase options 18–19

Silkypix 82

link 200

Single-lens reflex (SLR) 53, 65, 68, 103, 162

digital SLR 105, 120, 141

and dust 96

SnapVillage 11, 144, 186

link 189

Specialist libraries 161–162

sRGB color space 153–155

Steve's Digicams link 201

Stock Index Online 161–162

link 199

StockPhotoMedia

link 189

Stockxpert 11, 144, 186

link 189

Submission strategies 27–28

Sunflowers 153

T

Technical issues 77–101

16-bit manipulation 82–83

100% rule 85

artifacts 91–93

banding 80

chromatic aberrations 93

dust blobs 96–97

exposure 85

file formats 79–81

image-degradation problems 80

inspection process 78

ISO settings 83–84

moiré and color noise 93–95

monitor calibration 78–79

noise 83–84, 85–91

and rejections 77, 85

white balance 81–82

thephotostorage

link 190

TIFF file format 79–81

Tips and Tricks 141–157

Buy a macro lens if you own a dSLR 145

Buy and use Adobe Photoshop 145

Buy a tripod to go with that new macro

lens 145–146

Buy decent FTP upload software 145

Buy the best equipment you can afford 141–143

Challenge your creativity 152–153

Check what is selling—and what is not 149

Decide if artist exclusivity is for you 143–144

Don't crop too tightly 155

Enlist friends and colleages 149–150

Expose to the right 85

Get an independent view by joining independent forums 146

Get networking 156–157

Join the forums 146

Read the manual! 155

Set key words accurately 150–151

Set up referral links 146–179

Shoot the light 155–156

Upload new work regularly but in small batches 150

Use selective focus 151–152

Use sRGB color space for submission 153–155

Trademarks 179–180

and rejection 180–181

Traditional libraries 2

Alamy 2, 11, 199

comparison to Microstocks 11–12

Corbis 2, 199

Cultural differences between microstock libraries and 162

early days of 4–6

Getty 2, 199

and the Internet 7

and specialized markets 12

Stock Index Online Library Portal 199

U

UK Copyright Services

link 200

UK Large-Format Photographer's Group

link 201

UK Photographer's Rights Guide

link 200

US Copyright Office

link 200

USPhotostock

link 190

W

White balance 81–82