Absolute advantage theory, 6
Acculturalization, 36, 101, 108
Adam and Eve, 348
Adjustment, 386
Administrative law, 283
Aetna Life and Casualty, 88
Affect, 171
Affordability, 3
Afghanis, 108
African American, 102
Agrarianism, 301
Airbus, 9
Akhlagh, 229
Allah (God), 323
Allport’s traits theories, 199
American Airlines, 406
American Indian, 102
American Orientals, 102
Amorality, 93
Analects, 226
Anglo-American, 152
Anglo-Franco, 108
Apperception, 40
sociocultural, 158
Arabic language, 354
Archaeology, 97
Argentina, 10, 11, 27, 55, 155
Armenians, 108
Artificial potency, 73
ASEAN, 296
Asia, 387
Asian Americans, 102
Asian countries, 297
Assimilation, 108
Association of South East Asian Nations, 3
Assyrians, 108
AT&T, 282
Atheism, 329
Atomic view, 66
Attention, 151
sociocultural, 174
Australia, 10, 11, 55, 87, 267, 331, 390
Ayatollah, 90
Azaris, 108
Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik (BASF), 55
Baha’ism, 196
Balance of payment (BOP), 3
Baluchis, 108
Banco Nation, 27
Bausch and Lomb Co., 292
Behavior
masculine/feminine, 212
materialistic/spiritualistic, 211
Behavioral
adaptation, 44
culturalogy, 101
kinetic existence needs, 126
modification, 44
stratification, 45
Behaviorism, 98
Behavioristic theory, 399
Behopal, 20
Belief, 40
Bell South Telephone Company, 117
Bias, 177
Biology, 95
Black Moslems, 352
Boeing, 9
Bolshevik Revolution, 301
Britain, 2, 9, 13, 31, 90, 160, 300, 385, 389, 361
Brunei, 3
Burger King Corporation, 2
Cambodia, 340
Canalization, 33
Capital, 68
Capitalism, 42
Caribbean, 333
Case studies
An American Airlines’ Manager Repatriates to the U. S. A., 406
Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik: Competition and Cooperation, 55
The Blind Ambition of the Bausch and Lomb Company’s Cultural Mirrors in Hong Kong, 94
The General Electric Managerial Perception: Who will Run GE?, 181
The German Private Business in Iran: When Business Intermingles with Religion, 361
Hillsdale College, 258
IBM Argentina, 27
The La-Z-Boy Company, 318
The Mondrian Hotel in Hollywood, California, 141
Texaco Sex Bias, 218
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: Doing Good in the Nature of Bad? Or Doing Bad in the Nature of Good?, 113
The Whistle-Blowers: SmithKline Beecham PLC, 81
Catholics, 196, 226, 322, 324, 325
Cattell’s bipolar theories, 199
Causalogy, 85
Ceylon, 330
Chemistry, 95
Chernobyl, 20
Chicanas/os, 102
Chile, 10
China, 6, 33, 55, 244, 297, 299, 322, 323, 329, 336, 339, 341, 342, 365, 387, 389, 390
Chinese folk, 329
Christian Crusades, 325
Christians, 108, 191, 192, 323, 343, 349
Christmas season, 11
Chrysler Company, 88
Civic culture, 282
Civilization, 310
Coca-Cola, 88
Cognition, 172
Cognitive dissonance, 173
Cognitive theory, 396
Coherence theory, 88
Common law, 283
Comparative advantage theory, 6
managerial, 162
organizational, 162
Confucian, 65
Conglomeration, 11
Conscience, 93
Consensus, 169
Consistency, 169
Constitutional law, 283
Contact, 86
Contextualization, 33
Coming Glass Corporation, 72
Corporate multicultural value systems, 20
Corporate paradigm management scale, 17
Cosmology, 85
Cross-cultural contact, 86
Cross-culturalization, 101, 104, 393
Cultural
assimilation, 272
definition, 23
diversity, 22, 261, 269, 271, 274, 275, 278, 284, 285, 286, 287
facilitators, 105
formalization, 312
ideology, 300
institutionalization, 101
myth, 302
orientation, 37
resources fitness, 307
stratification, 45
utilizers, 105
utopia, 303
Culturalogy, 84
behavioral approach, 91
Cultural-political characteristics, 206
competitive/cooperative, 208
egalitarianism/inequalitarianism, 209
high power/low power distance, 209
pluralism/collectivism, 207
Culture
adaptive, 65
conservative, 225
crystallized-cultures, 105
dynamic, 64
enhanced, 04
enriched, 104
facilitative, 105
gender, 105
integrative, 66
learned, 62
mass, 104
materialistic, 69
modern, 225
oasis, 304
pluralistic, 63
primitive, 303
refined, 105
samurai, 66
shared, 64
socialized, 67
sub-, 104
swamp, 304
symbolic, 67
transgenerational, 66
utilized, 105
Culture shock, 365
Czarism, 301
Dance, 85
Darwinism, 300
Demography, 96
Deontological, 25
Deontos, 251
Department of Defense, 68
Dharma, 297
Diamond Shamrock, 222
Discrimination, 176
Distinctiveness, 169
Diversionary contact, 86
Diversity, 269
DNA, 145
Dow Chemical Co., 55
Doxa, 36
Drexel, Burnham, Lambert, Inc., 222
Drives, 173
Eastman Kodak, 19
Ectomorphic personality, 190
Effect, 177
Egalitarianism, 73
E. I. du Pont de Nemours, 12, 55
Electronic Data System Co., 379
Emotion, 35
Emotionality, 33
Endomorphic personality, 190
English Canadian, 109
Episteme, 36
ERG needs, 121
Eshragh, 297
Ethical relativism, 245
Ethics theories, 249
deontological, 250
teleological, 250
Ethnic cleansing, 177
Ethnicity, 42
Ethnocentric, 37
Ethnography, 97
Ethnology, 97
Etymological sense, 93
Europe, 364, 365, 370, 371, 375, 385, 389
Eustress, 43
Existential contact, 86
Existentialists, 15
antiterrorism, 379
auditors, 378
cycle, 368
experts, 375
lawyers, 377
managers, 375
negotiators, 377
researchers, 375
security, 379
surveyors, 375
translators, 380
Expectancy theory, 135
Expectation, 44
Experiential contact, 86
Experimental contact, 86
Extrapolation, 372
Exxon, 12
Factors
in the perceiver, 154
in the situation, 155
in the target, 157
Fairness, 248
Faith, 41
Far East, 390
Farsi language, 108
Feelers, 35
Fiji, 333
Flex-management mind-set, 276
France, 2, 6, 9, 10, 33, 90, 155, 160, 365, 387, 389
Freer, Texas, 3
French Canadian, 109
Foreign Corporation, definition, 12
Foreign direct investments (FDI), 5
Fortitude, 235
Functionalism, 98
Fundamentalist Protestants, 324
Ganges River, 323
Gatta, 226
General Electric (GE), 9, 12, 181
Genotype, 145
Geocentric, 38
Geography, 97
Germano-Franco, 108
Germany, 2, 6, 9, 10, 31, 34, 35, 55, 98, 116, 155, 160, 205, 206, 230, 387, 389, 361
Global corporation, definition, 12
Global strategy, 21
Globalization, 16
Good-intellect, 234
Goodwill, 234
Government, 73
Greece, 10, 93, 185, 209, 230, 241, 244, 251, 298, 329, 387
Guinea, 212
Gustation, 149
Hadeseh, 297
Halal, 325
Halo effect, 159
Hamiltonian philosophy, 301
Harlem, 324
Hinduism, 226, 241, 322, 323, 334, 354
History, 96
Hitopadesa, 226
Holistic theory, 401
Homeostatic character, 65
Homeric, 33
Human image, 296
Humanistic theory, 400
IBM, 11, 12, 19, 27, 88, 90, 240
Ideology, 41
Illuminationist, 297
Illustrative phraseology, 369
In-culture, 109
India, 6, 10, 20, 206, 297, 323, 329, 331, 333, 335, 340, 55
Individual behavior, 30
authoritarianism, 203
bureaucratism, 204
egocentrism, 203
favoritism, 205
machiavellianism, 203
nepotism, 205
racism, 204
Individualistic differences, 213
Indonesia, 3
Infopreneur, 308
Information, 36
Institution
concept, 67
definition, 44
Instrumantality, 134
Intel Corp, 90
Intellectual potency, 73
Intellectuality, 36
Intelligence, 163
active, 167
bodily kinesthetic, 167
cognitive, 164
crystallized, 164
fluid, 161
interpersonal, 168
linguistic, 165
logical, 166
musical, 165
reflective, 167
spatial, 166
Intention, 171
Intercultural contact, 84
International Corporation, definition, 12
International Finance Corporation, 12
International financial statistics, 3, 4
International monetary fund (IMF), 3, 4
International pareto optimality, 30
Interpolation, 373
Interpretation, 371
Intuition theory, 90
Intuitionalists, 34
Intuitionism, 74
Iran (Persia), 8, 10, 108, 118, 210, 229, 273, 297, 301, 302, 305, 306, 311, 324, 326, 329, 331, 333, 344, 355, 379 356, 387, 361
Iranic phraseology, 369
Islamic Conquest, 325
Islamic fundamentalists, 326
Islamic pilgrims, 323
Israel, 10, 31, 280, 323, 324, 325, 343, 344, 381
Japan, 9, 10, 11, 31, 55, 65, 118, 160, 189, 205, 211, 264, 273, 282, 299, 339, 341, 371, 372, 375, 387, 389, 390
Jewish Sabbath, 325
Judaism, 226
Judo-Christian, 244
Jordan, 387
Jurist’s trusteeship, 324
Justness, 248
Kami, 297
Karma, 297
Keene’s four types of personalities, 195
Khomeini, 326
Khooy, 229
Kibun, 152
intelligence, 309
perception, 153
Kinetic needs, 115
Knoll Norton, 55
Knowledge, 36
concept, 69
explicit, 161
tacit, 161
wealth, 308
Korea, South, 9, 11, 33, 152, 299, 341, 349, 365, 389, 387, 387
Kosher, 325
Kurds, 108
Labor, 68
Land, 68
Language efficiency, 385
Laos, 340
Latinas/os, 102
Law, 283
La-Z-Boy Company, 318
Learning about yourself exercises
How do you attribute?, 179
How do you believe or not believe in a religion?, 359
How do you believe or not believe in teaching and learning processes?, 404
How do you believe or not believe in your own cultural philosophies?, 315
How do you judge?, 53
How do you judge your own personality?, 215
How do you judge yourself and your cultural orientation?, 290
How do you perceive your moral, ethical, and legal behavior?, 255
How do you understand your culture?, 79
What do you need?, 111
What do you value?, 25
What motivates you to work with others?, 139
Leviticus, 226
Luris, 108
Machiavelli, 203
Magnanimity, 236
Mahayana, 297
Marathon Oil Company, 11
Material things, 68
Materialistic, 69
Matthew, 226
McDonnell Douglas Company, 9
McDonnell’s Company, 325
Medi, 351
Melting pot culture, 279
Mentoring program, 385
Mesomorphic personality, 190
Messiah, 351
Metaphoric phraseology, 367
Mexican American, 108
Mexico, 3, 10, 11, 13, 160, 210
Mitsubishi, 9
Mitsui and Co., Ltd., 12
Mondrian Hotel, 141
Monistic, 229
Moral behavior, 228
Moral theories, 237
eudaemonistic existentialist, 242
hedonistic materialist, 241
idealistic theologist, 238
realistic naturalist, 239
Morality, 85, 93, 227, 230, 231
Mores, 229
Morocco, 384
Moslems, 90, 117, 191, 192, 241, 245, 246, 322, 324, 325, 330, 343
Hanafi, 350
Hanbali, 350
Ismaili, 350
Rafeii, 350
Shafeii, 350
Shiite, 350
Sufi, 350
Sunni, 350
Wahhabi, 350
Mosses, 343
Motive, 86
Motive stratification, 129
Muller-Lyer Illusion, 99
Multicultural civilization, 306
comprehensive, 367
synergy, 91
training programs, 381
understanding, 367
Multiculturalism, 14, 101, 102, 261, 262
behavior, 268
civic, 282
contacts, 367
definition, 22
management, 264
philosophy, 295
socioeconomic, 30
Multinational corporations, 91
definition, 12
Myers-Briggs personalities, 193
National legal value systems, 19
Necessity of causes, 125
acquired, 119
belonging, 120
biological, 33
efficient, 126
esteem, 120
hierarchy, 119
innate, 119
material, 126
psychological, 33
primary, 33
quiddity, 126
safety, 120
secondary, 33
self-actualization, 120
sociocultural, 126
spiritual, 126
sufficiency, 125
vital, 125
Needs theories, 118
achievement, 122
affiliation, 122
existence, 121
growth, 122
kinetic existence, 124
manifest, 123
minimization of pain, 123
power, 122
relatedness, 122
Needs theory, cycle, 118
Neolithic era, 33
Neo-Marxist, 68
Newsweek, 18
Nirvana, 297
North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 3, 296, 305
Nur-e-Mojarrad, 297
Occidental language, 305
Occidental Petroleum Co., 222
Old Testament, 343
Olfaction, 149
Oman, 387
Ordinances, 224
Organization
private for profit, 67
private nonprofit, 68
private not for profit, 68
public agencies, 68
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 7
Oriental language, 305
Orthodox Hindu, 334
Out-culture, 109
Pacific Gas and Electric Co., 274
Palestine, 329
Pan Am, 379
Papuan, 390
Paradigm, 261
Parsons-skills type personalities
affective neutrality/affective, 195
performance/quality, 194
self-oriented/collective, 194
specificity/diffuseness, 194
universalism/particularism, 194
Passion, 222
Patience, 236
People, primary/secondary groups, 60
Peoplehood, 61
Perceiver, 154
Perception, 143
definition, 150
kinesthetic, 153
Perceptual processes, 150
Perseverance, 236
big five theories, 200
bipolar traits, 199
categories, 190
extroverted, 193
humanistic, 202
immaturity, 196
integrative, 201
introverted, 193
maturity, 196
narcissistic, 204
pair types, 194
psychodynamic, 202
religious type, 195
sixteen types, 193
sociocultural pair types, 194
somatotype, 190
trait theories, 198
type theories, 190
types A, B, T, 191
Personalogy, 185
biological, 148
nomothetic, 189
psychocultural, 188
Peru, 10
Phenomenology, 92
Phenotype, 145
Physical body, 33
Physics, 95
Physiological functioning, 145
Plymouth, 9
Poly centric, 38
Portugal, 10
Positive conclusive needs, 127
Positive imagery needs, 126
Power, 75
Power distance, 10
Prejudice, 176
Presentative theory, 88
Product life cycle (PLC), 308
Profitability, 14
Protestant ethics, 116
Psychoanalysis, 99
Psychodynamic personality, 201
Psychology, 98
Puerto Ricans, 102
Pull motive, 86
Push motive, 86
Pygmalion effect, 177
Rabbi, 323
Racism, 175
Rationality, 35
Realistic affinity needs, 127
Recreational contact, 86
Regiocentric, 38
Anglican, 346
Babbism, 355
Baha’ism, 356
and behavior, 327
Buddhism, 340
Christian, 345
Confucianism, 336
definition, 323
Eastern Orthodoxy, 348
Episcopalian, 346
Hinduism, 333
and inspiration, 324
Islam, 349
Jainism, 335
Judaism, 343
Lutheran, 346
and politics, 325
Presbyterian, 346
Protestantism, 348
Reformed, 346
Roman Catholicism, 347
and science, 326
Shiite, 350
Shintoism, 339
Sikhism, 354
Sunni, 350
Taoism, 337
Zen, 342
Zoroastrianism, 331
Representative theory, 89
Resources discoveries/exploitation, 7
Revelation theory, 88
Revolutionary War, 300
Righteousness, 249
RNA, 145
Royal Dutch/Shell Group, 13
Russia, 6, 98, 167, 210, 261, 301, 302, 322
Samsung, 9
Sanwa Bank Limited, 13
Saudi Arabia, 6, 8, 210, 354, 365, 381, 387
cognitive, 95
normal, 95
observational, 95
pseudoscience, 95
quasi-science, 95
taxonomy, 95
Scientist, 70
Self-image theory, 170
Sensation, 143
definition, 149
Senses, 33
etymological, 93
kinesthetic, 34
sixth, 34
Sensibility, 33
Separation, 390
Shah, 356
Shareholder activists, 18
Sharia, 90
Sherman Antitrust Act, 302
Similarity effect, 159
Smithkline Beecham PLC, 81
Social castes, 6
Social Darwinism, 300
Society, 58
Sociology, 98
Sojourners, 373
Solvency, 3
Somatotype personality, 190
Sophist, 70
South Pacific, 390
South Sea Islanders, 390
Standard Oil Company, 302
Statutory law, 283
Stereotyping, 158
Structuralism, 98
Sufis, 324
Supemational Corporation, 12
Swiss, 11
Symbolic phraseology, 369
Synergism, 98
Synergy, 91
Tahiti, 390
Technical phraseology, 369
Technoculture, 69
Technologist, 70
Texaco, 218
Texan, 108
Texmex, 108
Thailand, 3, 9, 10, 299, 330, 340
Theatrical drama, 85
Theology, 85
Theories of motivation
deontic, 130
equity, 131
eudaemonistic, 131
expectancy, 133
hedonistic, 130
two-factor, 136
Theory X, 120
Theory Y, 120
Theravada, 297
Thinkers, 35
Tibet, 372
Togoland, 212
Training, 383
Transnational Corporation, 12
Truthfulness, 249
Tunisia, 384
Turks, 108
Two-factor theory of motivation, 136
Tylenol, 18
Ukraine, 20
Union Carbide Pesticide, 20
United Nations Atomic Energy Com., 20
United States, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 31, 34, 35, 35, 46, 55, 59, 66, 67, 86, 88, 90, 98, 102, 108, 117, 147, 148, 149, 153, 155, 159, 189, 206, 207, 212, 223, 224, 229, 230, 261, 264, 265, 266, 276, 279, 282, 283, 300, 301, 305, 318, 323, 353, 365, 367, 372, 375, 376, 390
United Way, 68
Universal ethical value system, 17
Universalism, 73
U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 18
Utilitarian, 73
Valence, 134
Value, 40
Venezuela, 10
Visual phraseology, 369
West Africa, 212
Western Asia, 296
Westinghouse, 282
Work ethics, 14
World Health Organization, 20
World Investment Report, 5
World War II, 65
Yahweh, 323
Yugoslavia, 10
Zaroorat, 297
Zealots, 344
Zionists, 344