Oracle 12c For Dummies®

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Table of Contents

Introduction

About This Book

Who Are You?

Icons in This Book

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I: Getting Started with Oracle 12c

Chapter 1: Discovering Databases and Oracle 12c

Discovering Databases

Defining a database

Examining how databases work

Finding the right database for the job

Choosing Oracle

Oracle as a database

What is the “c” in Oracle 12c?

Keeping a Database Safe and Sound

DBA responsibilities

Common tasks

Chapter 2: Understanding Oracle Database Architecture

Defining Databases and Instances

Deconstructing the Oracle Architecture

Walking Down Oracle Memory Structures

Trotting around the System Global Area

Shared pool

Database buffer cache

Redo log buffer

Large pool

Java pool

Streams pool

Program Global Area

Managing Memory

Managing memory automatically

Following the Oracle Processes

Background processes

User and server processes

Getting Physical with Files

Data files: Where the data meets the disk

Control files

Redo log files

Moving to the archives

Server and initialization parameter files

Applying Some Logical Structures

Tablespaces

Segments

Extents

Oracle blocks

Pluggable Databases

Chapter 3: Preparing to Implement Oracle

Understanding How an Oracle Database Fits into a System’s Architecture

Client-server applications

Multi-tier applications

Component configurations

Verifying System Requirements

User and directory requirements

Hardware requirements

Software requirements

Storage requirements

Other requirements

Part II: Implementing an Oracle Database

Chapter 4: Creating Your Database

Feeling at Home in Your Environment

Finding the Oracle software owner

Oracle versions

Getting to home base

ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID

PATH

Setting your environment with oraenv

Configuring an Instance

Using PFILE and SPFILES

Setting parameters in the pfile and spfile

Creating Your Oracle Database

Using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to Create Databases

Taking database control

Taking the DBCA steps

Sharing (a) memory

Doing a Post-Creation Check-Up

Chapter 5: Connecting to the Database

Starting and Stopping the Database

Environmental requirements

Starting the database

Stopping the database

Connecting to the Database Instance

Local versus remote connections

Communication flow

Setting up tnsnames.ora

Configuring the database listener with listener.ora

Starting and stopping the database listener

Testing the connection

Oracle Net Configuration Assistant

Sidestepping Connection Gotchas

Chapter 6: Understanding the Language of Databases: SQL

Learning the Basics of SQL

SQL calling environments

SQL statement clauses

Case sensitivity in the database

Viewing your objects and data with the DESCRIBE and SELECT statements

Add to your data with the INSERT statement

Changing data with the UPDATE statement

Removing data with the DELETE statement

Using the Data Dictionary

Programming with PL/SQL

Types of PL/SQL programs

PL/SQL block structure

Calling PL/SQL programs

Chapter 7: Loading Data into Your Database

Making Tablespaces

Understanding Users and Schemas

Creating Database Objects

Object types

Object creation methods

Part III: Caring for and Feeding an Oracle Database

Chapter 8: Keeping the Database Running

Doing Your Database Chores

Making way, checking space

Monitoring space in your segments

Checking users

Checking backups

Checking batch jobs

Reviewing audit logs

Maintaining logs

Automating Chores with the Oracle Scheduler

Scheduler objects

Creating your first Scheduler job

Using Oracle Data Pump

Data Pump Export

Data Pump Import

Creating Oracle Directories

Using Data Pump with a Parameter File

Chapter 9: Tuning an Oracle Database for Performance

Tuning Costs

Tuning Basics

Asking questions

Pinpointing the problem

Tuning Tools

Oracle documentation

Oracle Support

Oracle user groups

Training classes

Licensed tools

Tuning the Database before Something Goes Wrong

Pre-installation planning and preparation

Selecting software

The hard part

Tuning after a Problem Arises

Tell me, what is your problem?

Tuning SQL

Generating an Explain Plan

Displaying and reading the SQL statement output

Tuning the Database

Installing STATSPACK

Taking snapshots with STATSPACK

Interpreting STATSPACK output

Scheduling snapshots

Chapter 10: Securing and Auditing Your Database

Staying Authentic with Authentication

User authentication

Password authentication

Operating system authentication

Granting Privileges

Granting and revoking system privileges

Object privileges

Creating Roles

Oracle-supplied roles

The SYSDBA role

Auditing: Oracle’s Big Brother

Getting ready to audit

Enabling and disabling audits with unified audit policies

Auditing system privileges

Auditing objects

Verifying an audit

Viewing audit information

Turning off audits

Chapter 11: Facilitating Backup and Recovery

Understanding Threats to Your Database

Instance failure

Losing files

Dropped objects

Media failure

Corruption

User error

Finding Files with Recovery Manager

Starting RMAN

Configuring RMAN

RMAN catalog

Backup File Types with RMAN

Backing up with backup sets

Making copies

Viewing Backup Information

Putting It in the Archives

Turning archiving on and off

Archive logs

Enabling archiving

Enabling the Fast Recovery Area

Maintaining the Archives

Recovering Your Oracle Database

Verifying the problem

Complete recovery

Incomplete recovery

Recovering your database with copies

Chapter 12: Troubleshooting an Oracle Database

Troubleshooting with System Methodology

Identifying the real problem

Performing basic system checks

Performing basic database checks

Analyzing error messages

Developing and applying a solution

Troubleshooting Using Oracle Database Logs

Database log infrastructure

Database alert log

Trace and dump files

Listener log

Benefiting from Other Diagnostic Utilities

Oracle Enterprise Manager and Database Express 12c

Remote Diagnostic Agent

Database diagnostic scripts

Chapter 13: Managing Your Database with Enterprise Manager

Getting to Know the Enterprise Manager Family

EM Database Express

EM Cloud Control

Configuring EM Database Express with the DBCA

Navigating EM Database Express

Dashboard

Configuration page

Storage page

Security page

Performance page

Creating and Managing EM Database Express Users

Part IV: Advanced Oracle Technologies

Chapter 14: Advanced Features

Flashing Back

Flashing your query back

Flashing your table back

Flashing your database back

Compressing Data for Purging, Retention, and Archiving

Basic compression

Advanced compression

Flashback Data Archive

Oracle Database Replay

Using Database Replay

Replaying the workload

Multitenant Architecture and Pluggable Databases

Creating a multitenant database environment

Navigating a multitenant architecture

Starting and stopping pluggable databases

Creating new PDBs

Unplugging and plugging in your PDBs

Chapter 15: Using High-Availability Options

Gathering Real Application Clusters

Exploring RAC Architecture

Hardware considerations for RAC

Software considerations for RAC

Preparing for a RAC Install

Tools for managing a RAC installation

Oracle RAC application for high availability

Understanding Oracle Data Guard

Data Guard architecture

Physical standby database

Logical standby database

Performing switchover and failover operations

Part V: The Part of Tens

Chapter 16: Ten Oracle Installation Do’s

Know the Documentation

Observe the Optimal Flexible Architecture

Configure Your Profile

Write Your Own Documentation

Set umask

Become Oracle

Stage It

Patch It

Mind the User and Group IDs

Back It Up

Chapter 17: Ten Database Design Do’s

Constrain Your Data

Spread Out Your IO

Know Basic Data Modeling Skills

Use Naming Conventions

Watch Your Roles and Privileges

Axe Ad Hoc Queries

Enforce Password Security

Avoid Having Too Many Cooks in the Kitchen

Package Code

Test Recovery Strategies

Appendix A: Installing Oracle 12c on Linux

Checking your operating system version

Checking your kernel version

Checking your OS packages

Creating Linux OS groups and users

Creating the ORACLE_BASE directory

Configuring the Oracle user environment

Installing the Oracle 12c database software

About the Authors

Cheat Sheet

Connect with Dummies

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