57 Modularity
A system made up of standardized units or dimensions characterized by flexibility or variety in function.
Modularity exists at all scales of the design process. It’s a standardized system that allows for more efficient fabrication, production, and application. It is extremely beneficial to the product industry as the assembly process speeds up; it also saves money in shipping because modular units can be broken down to smaller pieces (flat-packed) and more easily assembled by the user. Examples of modular systems include the joy of Lego sets, IKEA’s self-assembled systems, Japanese tatami mats that determine the dimensions of a room, and prefabricated wall systems, furniture, and housing.
Components of a design may be separated and recombined, which allows for flexibility and variety in function. This design approach works with smaller parts that can be stacked, customized, rearranged, and reused. In addition, modular systems are inherently sustainable, with the option to change or retrofit modules without replacing an entire system.
Built from 140 self-contained prefabricated apartment capsules in 1972, the Nagakin Capsule Tower in Tokyo (designed by Kisho Kurokawa) was one of the first large-scale architecture projects to use modular parts both inside and out. The interiors of each capsule contained modular built-in cabinets, appliances, plumbing fixtures, and furnishings.
Designed by Danish architecture firm BIG, the Voxel sofa system for Common Seating was inspired by Legos, Minecraft, and the architecture of Mies van der Rohe, all of which use grid systems and modular building blocks. The adaptable seating collection can be configured into multiple seating scenarios, as a space’s programmatic needs change or evolve.
Pair’s Olli system is a contemporary modular workplace solution that adapts to users’ needs.