Index

A

“a-ha” moments, 9, 79–80

Aaker, Jennifer, 194

Aarts, Henk, 76

Accelerated Learning workshop, 45, 46

action, See also call to action

concession building and, 219–220

influencing uncertain to take, 203–204

limiting choices for, 191

logical reasons for, 186

mood influencing, 196–197

products at presentations creating, 210

providing choices for, 192–193

relieving sense of obligation, 217–218

social validation before taking, 203

spending time vs. spending money, 194–195

unconscious process leading to, 186

using personas to stimulate, 211–212

activities, See also breaks

allowing mistakes and feedback for, 47–48

asking people to interact in, 143

fostering creativity, 36–37

providing choices for, 193

providing individual, 87

receiving feedback during, 38, 39

sharing results with others, 195

surprise, 141

timing, 43

working in flow state, 38–39

Adewole, Akanbi, 151

advance organizers, 4–5

algorithmic work, 75, 75–76

amygdala, 110, 140

Anderson, Cameron, 201

anecdotes, 136

Aristotle, 12, 15

Art Instinct, The (Dutton), 146

Art of Choosing, The (Iyengar), 190, 192

articulating words, 167

assumptions, 222–223

asymptote curves, 77, 83

attention

directed by unconscious, 52–53

distraction of old brain, 53

engaging people with stories, 137–139

expectations of frequency and, 54–55

faces capturing, 110

flow states and focus, 39

focusing for online presentations, 126–127

measuring capacity to focus, 147

mind-wandering, 59–60

multitasking and diminished, 56–58

pauses to grab, 55, 167–168

room temperature and, 130–131

spans of sustained, 50–51

surprises for capturing, 140–141

when people are uncomfortable, 128–129, 132–133

working memory and, 16–17

Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS), 2

attention restoration therapy, 147

attractiveness, 175, 176

audience

checking comfort of, 132–133

color and mood of, 118

competitive exercises and size of, 86

documenting assumptions about, 222–223

dressing like, 173–174

emotional state of, 4–5

engaging, 144–145

equating choice with control, 192–193

evaluating values of, 195

feeling safe, 142, 142–143

following presenter’s gaze, 111

forgetting information, 30

getting to know, 179

goals for presentations, 223–224

imitating presenter’s feelings, 171–172

improving information recall of, 16–17

indicating presentation’s progress to, 33

influencing uncertain to take action, 203–204

information filtering by, 6–7

introducing new ideas to, 8–9

knowledge base of, 3

learning from examples, 15

limiting information for, 190–191

looking at, 170

mental models of, 10–11

minimizing memory disruption of, 27

monitoring peripheral and central vision of, 109

perceiving color differences, 113–116

power of knowing, 185

providing context for, 4–5

removing barriers between speaker and, 160

repeating information for, 25–26

responding to presentation cues, 73

seating arrangements for, 122–124

sizing up speakers, 156–157

sustaining attention of, 50–51

syncing with speaker’s brain, 177

task switching by, 56–58

telling stories, 12–14

temperature’s effect on, 130–131

unaware of being influenced, 205–206

unconscious influences on attention, 52–53

unconscious responses to presenter, 175

viewing products at presentations, 210

auditorium style layout, 122

auditory learners, 45, 46

authenticity, 158

authority

body posture conveying, 160

clothing conveying, 173–174

head position conveying, 160

maintaining, 154–155

obedience to, 154–155

softening role of, 87–88

autism, 110

autonomy, 87–88

Ayduk, Ozlem, 79

B

backward digit-span task, 147

Baddeley, Alan, 18

Bahrami, Bahador, 199

banquet rounds layout, 123

banquet style layout, 123

Bardwell, David, 57

Bargh, John, 172

Bayle, Dimitri, 109

Beaird, Jason, 148

beauty and aesthetics, 146–148

Bechara, Antoine, 187

Begley, Sharon, 41

behavior

asking for measurable, 223–224

breaking into steps, 84

providing cues for, 73

shaping people’s, 66, 67, 68–69

time required to form habits, 83–85

Bellenkes, Andrew, 54

Belova, Marina, 140

Berman, Mark, 147

Berns, Gregory, 140

Berridge, Kent, 70

Bhatt, M., 47

Bickman, L., 173

Blake, R.R., 173

Blink (Gladwell), 157

body language

conveying confidence, 159–161, 162

feedback loop for emotions, 162

hand gestures, 163–166

meaning assigned to, 159–162

mimicking other’s, 172

standing, 181

used by presenters, 156–157

brain, See also dopamine

anticipation’s effect on, 71

autonomy and old, 87

costs of task switching on, 56

creativity’s effect on, 34–35

cultural differences seen in scans of, 41

dopamine’s role in, 70

effect of forcing new ideas on, 8

improving information recall, 16–17

looking for unexpected, 150

mirror neurons, 171

music’s effect on dopamine in, 149

new, mid/emotional, and old, 52, 175

parts used to process words, 100

processing surprises, 140

reacting to mistakes, 47

reacting to pain, 138

recognizing faces, 110

repetition’s effect on, 22

responses to friends and strangers, 178–179

studies on wandering attention, 59

syncing with listener’s, 177

types of human, 52

writing’s effect on, 216

breaks

controlling presentation with, 181

fostering creativity with, 37

improving memory with, 28

making presentation seem shorter with, 33

mind-wandering and, 59–60

motivating behavior with, 73

planning activities with, 43

turning off microphone at, 92

ways to include, 50–51

breathing, 162

Brinol, Pablo, 162

Broadbent, Donald, 19

Buechner, Carl W., 135

Burgraff, Wayne, 221

Bushong, Ben, 207, 207–210

C

call to action

formula for developing, 225, 226

getting commitment before, 213–214

limiting choices in, 191

providing choices for, 88, 192–193

using explicit, 189

using personas to stimulate, 211–212

Carey, Susan, 10

Carlsson, Arvid, 70

Carnegie, Dale, xi

Carroll, John, 2

categorizing information, 31, 32

Cattell, James, 98

causation in stories, 13–14

central vision, 108–109

certainty, 164

Chabris, Christopher, 13

change

describing issues for, 227

ingrained beliefs and, 8–9

introducing complicated behavioral, 84, 85

introducing themes of, 150

realistic expectations about, 81–82

reconstructing memories, 29

Chartrand, Tanya, 172

choices, 191–193

Christoff, Kalina, 59

chromostereopsis, 112

Chua, Hannah F., 40

chunks

communicating bite-sized, 2–3

four-item memory rule, 18–21

including mini-breaks between, 50–51

learning in 20-minute segments, 42–43

Cialdini, Robert, 175, 217, 219

clothing, 95, 173–174

cognitive dissonance, 7, 8

“Cognitive Science and Science Education” (Carey), 10

color

clothing, 95

cultural meanings of, 117–118

mood affected by, 118

readability of text, 112

seeing differences between, 113–116

slide, 148

color wheel, 117

commitment

concession building, 219

getting before asking for action, 213–214

to new habits, 84

writing to increase, 215–216

communications, See also chunks

abstract vs. concrete words in, 28

pointing out dangers in, 189

using stories in, 14

competition and motivation, 86

concession, 219–220

confidence

body positioning and, 159–161, 162

considering in decision-making process, 199

establishing, 158

practice encouraging, 162

predictability fostering, 142

confirmation bias, 6, 7

connecting socially, 76, 195

connectivity, 134

Consequences, 225, 227, 228

consistency, 211–212

content

choosing formula for, 231–232

outlining, 231

Post-it notes for, 231

storyboards for, 230, 232

when to put into slides, 231

context

cultural perceptions of, 40, 41

providing for presentations, 4–5

titles and headlines for, 100–101

contingent rewards, 75

control

choice equated with, 192–193

controlling unconscious influences, 52–53

maintaining for presentation, 180–181, 202

as motivation, 77–78

Cowan, Nelson, 18

crafting presentations

doing your research, 222–225

overview, 221

performing, refining, and repeating, 234

practice for, 233

using Magic Presentation Formula, 225–229

creativity

activities fostering, 36–37

kinds of, 34–36

mind-wandering linked to, 59

cues for behavior, 73

cultural differences

attractiveness, 176

hand gestures, 166

meanings of color, 117–118

seen among people, 40–41

Current State, 225, 226

Custers, Ruud, 76

D

danger

brain’s perception of, 52, 53

picking up signals of, 187, 188

Darley, John, 203

Davies, Robertson, 89

de Vries, Marieke, 150, 196

decision-making

dangers of group-think, 198–200

fear of loss in, 187–189

influenced by dominant personality, 201–202

influencing uncertain in, 203–204

mood’s influence on, 196–197

unconscious, 184–186

writing down commitments, 215–216

delaying gratification, 79–80

deliberate creativity, 34, 35, 36

desire for familiar, 150

Deutsch, Morton, 215

diagram of room setup, 96, 97

Dietrich, Arne, 34

Differentiation through Learning Styles and Memory (Sprenger), 45

direction and orientation, 159

disrupting memory, 27

distractions

laser pointers as, 97

minimizing during flow state, 39

moving during presentations, 109

dominant personality, 201–202

dopamine

eliciting wanting with, 70–71

listening to music releases, 149

monetary rewards releasing, 75

Downar, J., 47

dreams, effect on memory, 28

Drive (Pink), 75, 77, 78

Dutton, Denis, 146–147

E

Edison, Thomas, 35

Efran, M.G., 175

Einstein, Albert, 1

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 61

Ekman, Paul, 169

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 153

emotions

appealing to, 136

beauty and aesthetics’ effect on, 146–148

bodily feedback loop for, 162

craving familiarity, 150

deliberate and emotional creativity, 34, 35, 36

engaging, 137–139, 144–145

enjoying surprises, 140–141

equating scarcity and value, 151–152

facial expressions of, 169–170

feeling safe, 142, 142–143

imitating presenter’s, 171–172

influencing action, 196–197

music’s effect on, 149

remembering audience’s, 4–5

shown with facial expressions, 110

empathy, 138, 171

environments

checking audience’s seating, 132–133

color and mood of audience, 118

connectivity for, 134

creating nonthreatening, 48

desire to control, 192–193

energy of filled rooms, 120

furniture’s effect on interactions, 125

preparing presentation rooms, 96–97

seating arrangements, 122–124

supporting themes of change, 150

temperature’s effect on audience, 130–131

unconscious scanning of, 53

viewing room for distractions in peripheral vision, 109

event preparations, See also practicing

arriving early, 181

considering room size and attendance, 120

influencing room setup, 96–97

lighting checks, 121

monitoring audience’s comfort, 132–133

planning for unexpected, 99, 158

room temperature checks, 130–131

sound system checks, 92–93

wireless Internet connections, 134

events. See presentations

examples, using, 15

Exceptional Presenter, The (Koegel), 229

exercises, 52

expectations

effect on attention, 54–55

perception of time and, 33

presenter’s, 9, 81–82

understanding mental models, 10–11

extrinsic rewards, 74, 76

F

face and eye movements, 169–170

Facebook, 179

facial recognition, 110–111

favor-swapping, 217–218

fear

facial expressions conveying, 170

hand gestures conveying

of loss, 150, 187–189

perceiving danger, 52, 53

feedback

during flow states, 38, 39

giving for mistakes, 47–48

Festinger, Leon, 7

fidgeting, 161, 162

filtering, 6–7

flow states, 38–39

follow-up activities, 76

fonts

readability of, 102–104

size of, 105–107

food, 52, 53

forcing new ideas, 8–9

forgetting information, 30

four-item rule, 18–21

Frost, Robert, 119

furniture’s effect on interactions, 125

fusiform face area (FFA), 110

G

Gal, David, 8–9

gaps in goals, 224

Garcia, Stephen, 86

Geography of Thought, The (Nisbett), 40

Gerard, Harold B., 215

Gershon, Nahum, 138

gift-giving, 217–219

Gladwell, Malcolm, 157

goal-gradient effect, 62

goals

gaps between where audience is and, 224

motivation to complete, 62–63

progressing toward, 77–78

understanding organizer’s and audience’s, 223–224

Greene, David, 74

groups

appealing to unconscious factors in, 206

breaking into teams, 87

engaging discussions within, 145

furniture’s effect on interactions, 125

how leaders evolve in, 201

motivation and size of, 86

opinion-sharing and decision-making in, 198–200

Gunes, Hatice, 176

H

habit formation, 83–85

habituation to stimuli, 55

Hancock, John, 183

hand gestures, 163–166

handouts

summary, 30

what to do about, 57–58

when to provide, 25–26, 29

happiness

beauty and, 146–148

idleness and, 144–145

head position, 160

Heinrich, J.R., 217

heuristic work, 75, 75–76

Hillarp, Nils-Ake, 70

Holcomb, Henry H., 216

Honest Signals (Pentland), 168

honesty, 158, 164

Hsee, Christopher, 144

Hull, Clark, 62

humor, 143, 158

Hyman, Ira, 57

I

idleness, 144–145

Ignite!, 50

images

checking how they look to color blind, 116

matching with message, 94–95

influence

phrasing speech for, 203–204

unconscious processes providing, 205–206

understanding motivation to, 186

information

categorizing, 31–32

chunking when presenting, 18–21

forgetting, 30

improving audience’s recall of, 16–17

limiting for audience, 190–191

moving into long-term memory, 22–24

scarcity and value of, 151

seeking more, 70–72

interruptions, 181

intrinsic rewards, 74–75, 76

introducing speakers, 156

Invisible Gorilla, The (Chabris and Simons), 13

Iyengar, Sheena, 190–193

J

Ji, Daoyun, 28

K

Kahn, Peter, 147

Kanwisher, Nancy, 110

Kaplan, Stephen, 147

Keller, J.M., 2

Kilduff, Gavin, 201

kinesthetic learners, 45, 46

Kivetz, Ran, 62

Knutson, Brian, 75

Koegel, Timothy, 229

Koo, Minjung, 62

Krienen, Fenna, 178–179

L

Lally, Philippa, 83

Larson, Adam, 108

Larson, Kevin, 99

laser pointers, 97

Latane, Bibb, 203

Lavie, Talia, 147

laziness, 81–82

leadership, 202

learning

avoiding interruptions during, 28

communicating bite-sized chunks, 2–3, 18–21, 42–43

effect of mental models on, 10–11

examples as aid for, 15

from mistakes, 47–48

overloading memory in presentations, 16–17, 17

providing context for, 4–5

resistance to new ideas, 8–9

schemata for improving, 24

stories for, 12–14

styles of, 44–46

Lee, Jerry, 151

Lefkowitz, M., 173

Lehrer, Jonah, 179

length of online presentations, 127

Lepper, Mark, 74, 190

lighting, 121

listening

to music, 149

slide text competing with, 90–91, 95

syncing with speaker’s brain while, 177

using microphones to help, 92–93

logical reasons for action, 186, 205–206

long-term memory, 22–24

Loschky, Lester, 108

M

Magic Presentation Formula, 225–229

Consequences, 225, 227, 228

Current State, 225, 226–227

Opening, 225, 228–229

Solutions, 225, 227–228

Mandler, George, 19

mastery, 77–78

McCandless, David, 117

McFerrin, Bobby, 143

measuring fonts, 105

meeting organizers

checking sound system, 92–93

goals for presentations, 223–224

receiving room setup in advance, 96–97

sending seating layouts to, 122–124

working on environments with, 132–133

Meier, David, 45

memory

attention and, 16–17

effect of sleeping and dreaming on, 28

four-item rule for, 18–21

long-term, 22–24

minimizing disruption of, 27

organizing information to improve, 31–32

reconstructing, 29

resources required for, 27–28

retaining information with chunking, 42–43

short-term, 16–17

stress and, 17

writing to increase, 216

mental models, 10–11

microphones, 92

mid-brain, 52, 175

Milgram, Stanley, 154, 154–155

Miller, George A., 18

mimicking body language, 172

mirror neurons, 171

Mischel, Walter, 79

mistakes, 47–48

modified banquet layout, 124

Mogilner, Cassie, 194

Mojzisch, Andreas, 198

Mondloch, Catherine, 111

money

monetary incentives, 75

value of time vs., 194–195

monitors for presenters, 111

Montague, P.R., 47

mood, 118, 196–197

motivation

autonomy as, 87–88

competition’s effect on, 86

defined, 61

delaying gratification, 79–80

forming habits, 83–85

goals increasing, 62–63

laziness and, 81–82

presentation cues as, 73

progress, mastery, and control as, 77–78

seeking information, 70–72

shaping behaviors and, 68–69

unconscious process of, 76, 185

understanding desire to influence others, 186

variable rewards as, 64–67

Mouton, J.S., 173

movement, 51, 162

multitasking, 56–58

Murphy, Maureen, 42

music, 149, 193

N

N-effect, 86

nature scenes, 147

nervousness, 161–162, 164

Neuro Web Design (Weinschenk), 6, 52, 136, 140, 150, 175, 184, 203

new brain, 52, 175

Newton, Isaac, 36

90-day improvement plan, 235–238

Nisbett, Richard, 40, 74

nonthreatening environments, 48

note-taking, 57, 58

O

obedience to authority, 154–155

objects

central vision and recognition of, 108

responding to real, 208, 208–209

old brain, 52, 53, 87, 175

online presentations, 126–127

Opening, 225, 228–229

operant conditioning, 65

opioids, 70

outlines

omitting part of, 141

showing in advance, 4

60-second presentation, 72

P

Paap, Kenneth, 98

pain, 138

Paradi, Dave, 106

paralinguistics, 168

parallel processing, 45

participants. See audience; people

passion, 172

pastoral scenes, 146–147

pattern recognition, 102–103, 104

Patterson, E.W.J., 175

pauses, 55, 167–168

Pavlov, Ivan, 73

Payne, Christopher John, 99

Pecha Kucha, 50

Pentland, Alex, 168

people

allowing mistakes by, 47–48

attention when tired and hungry, 128–129

categorizing experience, 31–32

commitment to new habits, 84

competition’s effect on motivation, 86

connections between, 178–179

cultural differences among, 40–41

delaying gratification, 79–80

dressing for presentations, 130, 131

effect of furniture on interactions, 125

emotional state of, 4–5

flow states of, 38–39

forcing to support new ideas, 8–9

forgetting information, 30

idleness and happiness of, 144–145

ignoring familiar stimuli, 55

information filtering by, 6–7

inherent laziness of, 81–82

keeping consistent persona, 211–212

learning from examples, 15

learning styles of, 44–46

looking for causes in stories, 13–14

mind-wandering of, 59–60

motivating with autonomy, 87–88

need to feel safe, 142–143

reactions to beauty and aesthetics, 146–148

recognizing shapes, 102–103

reconstructing memories, 29

remembering four items at a time, 18–21

responding to reinforcement, 64–67, 74–76

saying yes after initial no, 219–220

task switching in presentations, 56–58

valuing products in front of them, 207–210

how they form habits, 83–84

peripheral vision, 108–109

personas

consistency of, 211–212

small steps changing, 213–214

persuasion

audience’s susceptibility to, 205–206

potential loss as, 188–189

urging action inconsistent with persona, 213–214

Piccardi, Massimo, 176

Pierce, Karen, 110

Pink, Daniel, 75, 77, 78

planning for unexpected, 99, 158

pleasure and flow states, 39

Post-it notes, 231

practicing

confidence gained by, 162

facial expressions, 170

guidelines for, 233

preparing for unexpected by, 99, 181

presentation on video, 95, 157, 162, 166

speech techniques, 168

predictability in presentations, 142

Presentation Zen (Reynolds), 148

presentations, See also activities; environments; slides

“a-ha” moments throughout, 79–80

addressing learning styles in, 44–46

asking for show of hands in, 9

basing on fear of loss, 188–189

building concession into, 219–220

changes requiring multiple, 84, 85

chunking information in, 18–21

contextualizing, 4–5

controlling room during, 180–181

crafting, 222–229, 234, 235

decision-making in, 199, 200

designing for color blind, 113–116

emphasizing value of, 151–152

energy of filled rooms, 120

factoring culture into, 40–41

having products at, 210

indicating progress in, 33, 63

introducing change in, 150

invoking reciprocity in, 218

lighting for, 121

Magic Presentation Formula for, 225–229

mastering art of, xi–xii

mental models affecting, 10–11

mind-wandering during, 60

mini-breaks in, 50–51

motivating audience to listen to, 70–72

90-day improvement plan for, 235–238

online, 126–127

organizer’s and audience’s goals for, 223–224

overloading memory in, 17

pauses in, 55, 167–168

planning for unexpected in, 99, 158

predictability in, 142

progressive disclosure in, 2–3

providing choices in, 192–193

responding to cues in, 73

schemata for remembering, 24

shaping behaviors in, 68–69

showing progress toward goals in, 77–78

size of fonts for, 105–107

storyboards for, 230, 232

summary handouts for, 30

task switching in, 56–58

20-minute segments for, 42–43

unconscious influences in, 52–53

variable reinforcement in, 64–67

presenters, See also practicing; reactions to presenters

activating personas, 212

adjusting seating layout ahead, 122–124

affecting participant behavior, 68–69

assumptions about audience, 222–223

body language of, 156–157

building in small surprises, 141

clothing for, 95

controlling presentations, 180–181, 202

conveying passion, 172

creating rapport, 175

cueing by, 73

direction and orientation of, 159

discouraging task switching, 57, 58

effect of half-filled rooms on, 120

evaluating how you affect mood, 197

face and eye movements of, 169–170

following audience’s gaze, 111

hand gestures for, 163–166

honesty and authenticity of, 158

improving craft, xi–xii, 235–238

influencing uncertain to take action, 203–204

introducing, 156

introducing themes of change, 150

keeping audience’s attention, 50–51

knowing audience ahead of time, 179

laser pointers for, 97

Magic Presentation Formula for, 225–229

maintaining authority given to, 154–155

microphones for, 92–93

minimize need to remember information, 25–26

organizing information into categories, 31–32

person introducing, 156

positioning next to screen, 96–97

projecting confidence, 142

providing context, 4–5

realistic expectations about change, 81–82

remembering audience’s emotional state, 4–5

removing barriers between audience and, 160

softening authority role of, 87–88

storytelling by, 12–14, 137–138

understanding audience’s mental models, 11

urging action inconsistent with persona, 213–214

using VAK model, 44–46

voice quality of, 167–168

pricing presentations, 151, 152

Principles of Beautiful Web Design, The (Beaird), 148

procrastination, 84

product value, 207–210

productivity and task switching, 56

progressive disclosure, 2–3

psychology experiment ethics, 155

Q

questions, 145

R

Ramachandran, V.S., 171

Rayner, Keith, 98

reactions to presenters

becoming familiar to audience, 178–179

clothing, 173–174

controlling room, 180–181

evaluating how presenter affects mood, 197

face and eye movements, 169–170

hand gestures, 163–166

honesty and authenticity, 158

obedience to authority figures, 154–155

responding to presenter’s feelings, 171–172

sizing up speakers, 156–157

tone of voice, 167–168

reading, See also text readability

competing with listening, 90–91

direction of, 96–97

stories about pain, 138

uppercase letters, 98–99

recall tasks, 25

recency effect, 27

reciprocity, 217

recognition

central vision and object, 108

facial, 110–111

pattern, 102–103, 104

recall vs., 25

recognition tasks, 25

recording presentations, 93, 168

recycling stories, 139

refining presentations, 234

reinforcement, See also rewards

people’s response to, 64–67, 74–76

shaping behavior with, 68–69

rejection then retreat, 219

repeating presentations, 234

repetition

effect on brain, 22

repeating key information, 25–26

using for online presentations, 126

research

cognitive dissonance, 8

doing presentation, 222–225

testing assumptions about audience, 222–223

understanding organizer’s and audience’s needs, 223–224

resistance to new ideas, 8–9

rewards

cueing behavior with, 73

monetary incentives, 75

motivating with intrinsic, 74–76

variable, 64–67

Reynolds, Garr, 148

Rucker, Derek, 8–9

Ruckert, J.H., 147

S

safety, 142–143

Salimpoor, Valorie, 149

Sarnoff, Dorothy, 49

satisficing, 81, 82

scarcity, 151–152

schemata, 22, 23–24

Schooler, Jonathan, 59

Schulz-Hardt, Stefan, 198

Schwartz, Barry, 188

Schwarz, Norbert, 104

screen

blank presentation, 94

focusing audience’s attention on, 111

font size on, 106

reacting to aesthetics of, 147–148

standing to side of, 96–97

seeing. See vision

Seif, Farid, 54

sensory input

visual, 90–91

working memory vs., 17

serial processing, 45

sessions

follow-up activities for, 76

making steps toward mastery in, 77–78

remembering beginnings and endings of, 28

Severson, R.L., 147

sex, 52, 53

Shadmehr, Reza, 216

short-term memory, 16–17

show, rather than tell, 15

Silent Language, The (Kinsey), 166

similarity with audience, 175–176

Simons, Daniel, 13

Singer, Tania, 138

60-second presentation outlines, 72

Skinner, B.F., 64

sleep, 27, 28, 35–36

slides, See also screen; text readability

aesthetics and color of, 148

creating, 231

fonts for, 102–104

matching images with message, 94–95

optional use of, 91

pastoral scenes on, 146–147

providing context with, 4

reactions to aesthetics of, 147

title and headline, 100–101

too much text on, 91, 95, 99, 107

uploading presentation, 58

uppercase letters in, 98–99

using visual memory of, 28

when not to use, 94

slideshare.net, 58

social validation, 203

sociometer, 168

Solutions, 225, 227–228

Song, Hyunjin, 104

sound

checking sound system, 92–93

listening to music, 149

speaking loudly, 92–93, 167

sound technicians, 92, 93

speakers. See presenters

Sprenger, Marilee, 45

Staats, Arthur, 66

standing

body language conveyed by, 161, 162

controlling presentation by, 181

at side of screen, 96–97

Stephens, Greg, 177

steps

breaking behavioral change into, 84–85

changing personas, 213–214

toward mastery in sessions, 77–78

stories

activating personas with, 212

anecdotes, 136

causation implied in, 13–14

defined, 137

emotionally engaging people with, 137–139

guidelines for good, 139

learning with, 12–14

telling persona, 211

using, 51

storyboards, 230, 232

storytellers, 137–138

Strangers to Ourselves (Wilson), 157

stress and memory, 17

suffix effect, 27

summary handouts, 30

surprises, 7, 140–141

T

task switching, 56–58

team activities, 145

TED talks, 42

text, See also text readability

colors to avoid for, 112

minimizing amount of slide, 91, 95, 99, 107

parts of brain used to process, 100

text readability

decorative fonts and, 103, 104

pattern recognition and, 102–103

text color and, 112

uppercase letters and, 98–99

third-person effect, 205

time

learning in 20-minute segments, 43

perceptions of, 33

required to form habits, 83–85

saving for creative activities, 36–37

schedules for reinforcing conditioning, 65

of sustained attention, 50–51

value of money vs., 194–195

Tor, Avishalom, 86

Tractins, Noam, 147

Twain, Mark, 161

Twitter, 179

typography, 103

U

Ulrich, Roger, 147

uncertainty, 203

unconscious

attention directed by, 52–53

influencing audience response, 175–176

mental model of frequency from, 54, 55

pairing logical reason with, 186

recognizing unconscious motivations, 76, 205–206

research on, 187–188

speed of, 189

unconscious decision-making process, 184–186

unexpected events, 99, 158

unpredictability, 55

uppercase letters, 98–99

V

van Veen, Vincent, 8

video

affecting mood with, 196, 197

practicing presentation on, 95, 157, 162, 166

vision

colors difficult to focus on, 112

cultural meanings of color, 117–118

effect of color blindness on, 113–116

guided by presenter’s actions, 111

guidelines for font size and, 106, 107

importance of, 94

peripheral and central, 108–109

using visual sensory channels, 90–91

Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic (VAK) model, 44–45, 46

visual learners, 45, 46

voice

speaking clearly and loudly, 92–93

tone of, 167–168

voice coaches, 168

W

Web site design, 148

Weinschenk, Susan, 6, 52, 36, 140, 150, 175, 184, 203

When Prophecy Fails (Festinger), 7

Wilson, Matthew, 28

Wilson, Timothy, 157

wireless Internet connections, 134

Wohl, Michael, 84

Worchel, Stephen, 151

working memory. See memory

Wright, Farley, 95

writing, 215–216

X

x-height, 105, 106

Z

Zihui, Lu, 40