Index

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Note: Page numbers referencing figures are followed by an “f.”

A

AC power:

DC conversion of, 82, 82f, 328, 332

LED infrared illuminator with, 82

motion sensor conversion from, 328, 332

regulation circuitry removal with, 333

AC-to-DC power pack, 82, 82f Adjustable capacitors, 237, 242

Adjustable zoom, of binoculars, 341

Alarm system:

breadboard testing of, 289, 289f

components of, 298f

keypad installation in, 284–286, 300

keypad matrix and microcontroller used in, 283–284, 284f

microcontroller programming of, 289–297

motion sensor used in, 288, 301

motion trigger switch on, 300f

perforated board for, 298–299, 298f–299f

power and ground connections of, 299

power-saving mode of, 289

schematic of, 289f

self-contained mode of, 287–288

sensors used in, 300

siren mounted to, 299f

source code alteration of, 298

uses for, 301–302

wiring of, 299–300, 299f

Alignment:

camera and optical magnification, 338–340

of dual lasers, 106f, 231–232, 231f–232f

of laser spy system, 221–223, 230–231, 234–235, 234f–235f

Annoying noise, 153

Antennas, 246

Appliances:

remote control hijacking by, 251

using infrared LEDs, 253f

Arduino hardware platform, 148–149, 149f, 150

ATMega88, 251, 288–289, 289f, 345

functions and variables of, 260–261

I/O lines of, 255, 359–360

microcontroller, 190

ATMega324, 179–180, 180f, 196f

Atmel 324P microcontroller, 179

Atmel STK500 programmer, 176

Audio amplifiers, 227

electret microphones with built in, 241, 323–324, 324f

LM358, 325, 326

LM386, 226–228, 322

Audio mixing device:

Boss VT-1 Voice Transformer added to, 167–169, 168f, 170f

project box installation of, 167, 167f

telephone, 159–162, 166–167

Audio preamplifier stage:

output from, 238–239

of spy transmitter, 240–241, 245–246

testing, 244–245

Audio processing programs, 159–162, 169f, 228, 233f

AV VCS Voice Changer software, 169, 169f

AVR324p, 214

AVR1284p, 214

B

Ball bearing switches, 288

Base (B), 14

Base (platform), 338

Batteries:

Clap Snap project using, 358

CR2032, 103

laser diodes powered by, 103–104, 103f

lead-acid, 86, 86f

LEDs tested with, 69–70

motion sensor conversion to, 327

9-V, 243, 361

packs for, 118

6-V, 313, 332

3-V coin, 46, 46f

Baud rates, 177, 205, 207

Beam spread, of lasers, 105f

Binoculars:

adapter for, 340f

adjustable zoom of, 341

digital camera used with, 340

Nikon D60 optimal focal point with, 337–338, 338f

video cameras mounted to, 132

Black light bulb, 59, 65–66

BNC-to-RCA adapter, 40

BNC-type connectors, 40f

Board cameras, 35–36, 39, 41f, 112–114, 118, 125

Boss VT-1 Voice Transformer effect box, 167–169, 168f, 170f

Breadboard, 4f

alarm system testing on, 289, 289f

camera testing on, 41

of Clap Snap project, 346f, 357–358, 357f–358f

with CM8870 DTMF decoder chip, 145f

compatible cables for, 42f

digital camera testing with, 310, 310f

electronic components for, 6–8

GPS cable conversion for, 190f, 194–195

GPS tracking system on, 197, 197f

high-speed circuits on, 21f

Breadboard

laser spy device tested on, 227–228

LED pulsed-mode test circuit on, 92f

phone line connected to, 155f

phototransistors testing on, 228f

as prototyping device, 3–6

reducing noise on, 5–6

relay driver board tested in, 317–318, 317f–318f

remote control hijacker tested on, 261, 261f

RF circuits on, 242–243, 242f

sound-activated camera tested on, 324, 324f, 325f

Spammer Jammer setup on, 156f

telephone decoder on, 147f

trimming leads for, 30f–31f

voltage relay tested on, 312, 312f

Brute force testing method, 103, 123–124, 123f

Built-in flash, 269–270

C

C. See Collector; Coulomb

C-mounts, 36, 36f, 108–109, 108f

C program, 251, 254–255

C-type lenses, 38f

Cadmium sulfide photocell, 222–223

Camcorders:

CCD system in, 111

CRT monitors of, 122

external lights on, 115–116, 115f–116f

images captured by, 98f

with infrared illuminator, 117–120, 118f–119f

infrared LEDs used with, 118f–119f

infrared light blocked by many, 44, 94, 111

mounting bracket for, 117–118, 117f–118f

night vision conversion of, 52f, 119–120, 119f–120f

Sony, 129

spy camera video input to, 95, 111f

video input to, 95, 111–112, 111f, 112f, 119f

Camera(s). See also Board cameras; Camcorders; Digital cameras; Disposable cameras; Nikon D60; Nikon D90; Nikon SLR camera; Security cameras; Spy cameras; Video cameras

breadboard testing of, 41

C and CS mounts on, 36, 36f, 108–109, 108f

CCD modules for, 125f–126f

digital SLR, 335–336

fixed-lens micro, 38f–39f

gun sight mounted to, 338–339, 338f–339f

lenses of micro, 38

low-lux micro, 36

monochrome, 37

night vision, 39, 52f

optical device retro-fitting of, 336–337

optical magnification alignment with, 338–340

optical magnification mounting with, 339

optical zoom extended of, 335

shutter release button hack on, 305

with telephoto lens, 336f, 337

trigger relay board of, 333

wiring of, 113

Camera, motion-activated:

heat sensors used in, 327, 327f

LED signaling motion in, 332f

project box installation of, 334, 334f

relay driver board controlling, 333–334, 333f

testing of, 332–333, 332f–333f

voltage regulator removal and, 331–332

Camera, sound-activated, 321, 321f

breadboard testing of, 324, 324f, 325f

components of, 322

functioning of, 322–323

motion-activated circuits with, 326

project box installation of, 325–326, 326f

relay isolation for, 321, 321f

schematic of, 322f

sensitivity adjustments in, 325–326

Camera flash taser:

assembly of, 280–282, 280f–282f

high-voltages of, 269–271, 275–276

power requirements of, 276–277

pushbutton trigger of, 279–280, 279f–280f

reverse engineering in, 275

small flashlight used in, 278, 278f

variations of, 277–280, 277f

voltage output of, 276–277

warnings for, 281–282

wiring added to, 276f

Camera timer:

capacitor test in, 317

schematic of, 316, 316f

time-lapse photography with, 315, 317

variable-rate pulse timer of, 316–317

Camera trigger hack, 315–318, 321

external control in, 314

perforated board installation of, 313, 313f

relay controller connected to, 313, 313f

shutter control button in, 305–311

small voltage relay used in, 311–312, 311f

Capacitors, 10–12

adjustable, 238, 242

camera timer test of, 317

ceramic, 11

ceramic value chart of, 12t

codes of, 241–242

decoupling, 6

desoldering of, 29

electrolytic, 11

flash, 272–274, 273f

high-voltage dangers of, 269–271, 307, 307f

negative side markings of, 331

noise from, 5–6

photo flash, 271

RJ-11phone line with, 155

stray capacitance from, 243

symbols of, 11f

360-V, 270, 273, 273f

trimmer, 240, 247

various, 317f

Cat5 (networking) wiring, 4–5, 72

Cathode ray tube (CRT), 122

CCD. See Charge-coupled device

CD4011B NAND, 330

Center of balance, 339f

Ceramic capacitors, 11

Ceramic capacitors value chart, 12t

Charge-coupled device (CCD), 36–37, 37f, 113f

camcorders with, 111

cameras with, 125f–126f

low-resolution low-light imaging from, 113–114

Circuits. See also High-voltage circuitry; Integrated circuits; Radio frequency circuits; Schematics; Series parallel combination

555 oscillator, 155–156, 155f, 316

flyback transformer oscillator, 274

high-speed, 21f

motion-activated, 326

NPN timer, 91

pulsed-mode, 92f, 97f

series, 70, 70f

sound activation, 325f

timer, 318f

transistor, 312f

Clap Snap project:

battery used in, 358

breadboard testing, 346f, 357–358, 357f–358f

components for, 346, 356–357

future upgrades to, 262

Nikon SLR camera used in, 345, 345f, 362–364, 364f

on perforated board, 358

power and ground connections of, 360–361

programming of, 347–356

project box installation of, 358–361, 358f–359f

schematic of, 347f, 360f

sounds triggering, 362

Clock oscillator, 197

Clock speed, 180

CM8870 DTMF decoder chip, 143f

breadboard with, 145f

building with, 145

datasheet on, 143–145, 144f

interface for, 150

microcontroller connected to, 148

output of, 146

testing, 145–146

CMOS. See Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

Coaxial cable, 41f, 115, 115f

Code chart, of resistors, 10t

CodeVision C source code, 255–260

Collector (C), 14

Collimating lenses:

on laser pointers, 104–106, 130

on lasers, 100

Common components, 31

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), 37, 37f, 113–114

Components. See also Electronic components

of alarm system, 298f

breadboarding electronic, 6–8

for Clap Snap project, 346, 356–357

common, 31

desoldering, 27–29

of GPS tracking system, 196–197, 212–213, 212f–213f

of laser spy system, 223–224

of night vision viewer, 121–122, 136f–137f

organization of, 8f, 33f–34f

perforated board spacing of, 79

project box for, 133, 133f

of RF circuits, 241

of sound-activated camera, 322

Spammer Jammer installation of, 156–157

of spy transmitter, 240f–241f

Composite video monitor, 122

Computer programs:

C program as, 251, 254–255

CodeVision C source code, 255–260

Computers:

audio processing programs for, 159–162, 169f

AV VCS Voice Changer software for, 169, 169f

microphone input on, 168–169

Mini-GPS software for, 174, 177, 178f

roller ball mouse used with, 225–226

vacuum tube-based, 13

Connector types:

BNC, 40f

RS232 serial port, 175, 196, 199f

of security cameras, 39–40, 115

serial, 213, 213f

Continuous current mode, 95, 98, 127

Coordinates, GPS, 206–209

Copper wire, 239–240

Coulomb (C), 11

CR2032 batteries, 103

Crosstalk, 5

CRT. See Cathode ray tube

CS-mounts, 36, 36f

Current. See also AC power; Direct

current (DC) continuous, 95, 98, 127

continuous mode and, 95

current-limited power supply, 361

diode capacity of, 12–13

pulsed, 89f

transistors for high, 96f–97f

Current-limited power supply, 361

D

DAA. See Data access arrangement

Dangers:

of high-voltage capacitors, 269–271, 307, 307f

of laser diodes, 101

of laser illumination system, 109–110

Data access arrangement (DAA), 166, 170

Data receiver programs, 180–188

Data stream, 206f

Datasheet, 15–16

on CM8870 DTMF decoder chip, 143–145, 144f

on FV-M8 GPS module, 176f, 195f

on infrared LEDs, 90–91, 127, 128f

on laser diodes, 102–103, 102f

LEDs information on, 46f, 69–70, 69f, 91f

NPN transistor, 240

pulsed-mode operation information on, 90–91

for RC5 remote control decoder module, 253f

of 74121 one-shot, 323, 323f

2N2222 transistor, 15f

DB9 serial connector, 213

DC. See Direct current

Decoder modules, 252, 253f

Decoder source code, 149–150, 150f

Decoding, of 4-bit binary data pack, 147f

Decoupling capacitors, 6

Defocusing, of lasers, 47–48

Desoldering, 27f–30f

of capacitors and resistors, 29

cleaning leads after, 30, 30f

heat and rock technique in, 28

highest setting for, 26

PCB component, 27–29

Desoldering tool. See Solder sucker

Digital cameras:

binoculars used with, 340

breadboard testing of, 310, 310f

gun sight adapted to, 342f

infrared light blocked by many, 44, 94, 111

motion trigger system added to, 334

opening up, 305–307

shutter release button removal on, 308–309, 308f, 324

SLR, 335–336

telescope adapted to, 342–343, 342f–343f

Diode:

size and current capacity of, 12–13

types and symbols of, 13f

Direct current (DC), 271

AC power conversion to, 82, 82f, 328, 332

battery conversion to, 327

motion sensor converted to, 328, 332

Disposable cameras:

built-in flash of, 269–270

flash capacitor removal from, 272–274, 273f

flash circuit board of, 262

high-voltage circuitry of, 272

parts salvaged from, 274f

plastic body opening of, 270–271, 270f–271f

Dremel tool, 71

Drill holes, 134–135, 135f

DTMF generator, 148

Dual Tone Multi Frequency tones (DTMF), 143

DVD/CD burner, 48

laser differences in, 101, 103

laser diodes in, 101–102, 101f–102f, 104f

E

EEPROM, 199, 215

Electret microphones, 151

audio amplifier built into, 241, 323–324, 324f

polarity of, 244f

of telephone, 165f–166f, 238f

telephone removal of, 164–165

wires of, 346–347

Electricity, static, 32

Electrolytic capacitors, 11

Electronic components:

for breadboard, 6–8

inventory of, 31

organization of, 8f, 33f–34f

PCB removal of, 7f

solder blobs on, 30

surface-mounted, 18

Electronics, assistance with, 16–17

Emitter (E), 14

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), 13

Equalizer, 8-band, 233

Evaluation board connection, 176f

Exposed film:

flashlight with, 60, 63–64, 63f

infrared light passed by, 60, 60f, 64

External control, 305f–306f, 310–311, 314

External lights, 115–116, 115f–116f

F

Field of view, 138–139, 333 555

oscillator circuit, 155–156, 155f, 316

Fixed-lens micro cameras, 38f–39f

Flash capacitor, 272–274, 273f

Flash circuit board, 262

Flash memory, 215

Flashlights:

camera flash taser using, 278, 278f

exposed film used with, 60, 63–64, 63f

filters placed over, 52, 57f

incandescent, 61, 61f

infrared light and, 62–63, 66f

for night vision, 66f

Floodlights, 327

Floppy disk material, 61, 61f–62f

Florescent lights, 64

Flyback tap, 272

Flyback transformer oscillator circuit, 274

FM radio receiver, 242, 247

Focal point, 337–338, 337f–338f

Focal range, 45

Focus:

function, 309

on spy camera, 114, 114f

Formant changer, 168

40-KHz modulation, 260, 345

4017 decade counter, 316

Forward voltage, 80

4-bit binary data pack, 147f

Fresnel lens:

field of view expanded by, 333

motion sensors location of, 328–329, 333f, 334

PIR needing, 328

FT232, 196

FV-M8 GPS module, 174, 175f, 194f

datasheet on, 176f, 195f

evaluation board connection of, 176f

GPGGA sentence and, 188

heartbeat pulse from, 193–194

microcontroller selected for, 197–198

NMEA strings sent by, 206

operation verification of, 189

USB operation of, 176–177

G

Garmin GPS, 177

Global Positioning System (GPS). See also FV-M8 GPS module

coordinates in, 206–209

functioning of, 173

Garmin, 177

Google Earth and Maps accuracy and, 173, 189, 191

handheld, 189f

Mini-GPS, 174, 177, 178f

satellites for, 173, 175, 189, 193

Google, 16

Google Earth and Maps:

GPS accuracy of, 173, 189, 191

GPS route display using, 211–212, 211f, 214f

GPS tracking device using, 207, 208f

GPGGA sentence, 188, 206, 210

GPS. See Global Positioning System

GPS module:

baud rate default of, 177

breadboard cable conversion for, 190f, 194–195

data receiver programs for, 180–188

functioning of, 193

FV-M8 GPS, 174

GPS coordinates tracked by, 206–209

handheld GPS compared to, 189f

heartbeat pulse sent by, 175

live data stream from, 206f

microcontroller connected to, 173f, 175, 188f, 195–196

NMEA strings from, 205–209, 208f

operation verification of, 175–176

power requirements of, 179–180

schematic of microcontroller and, 179f

tracking device with, 193

types of, 174

wiring of, 189f, 194–195

GPS tracking system:

AVR based, 193f

on breadboard, 197, 197f

components of, 196–197, 212–213, 212f–213f

flash memory of, 215

future improvements in, 213–214

Google Earth route display of, 211–212, 211f, 214f

NMEA strings from, 205–210

programming of, 198–205

schematic of, 196f

testing, 209–212

Ground connections, 263–264, 264f, 299, 360–361

Gun sight, 107f–110f

camera mounted to, 338–339, 338f–339f

digital camera adapted with, 342f

Nikon D60 optimal focal point with, 337–338, 337f–338f

H

Handheld GPS, 189f

Headset wiring, 165f

Heartbeat pulse, 175, 193–194

Heat and rock technique, 28

Heat sensors, 327, 327f

HERF. See High-energy radio frequency

High current transistors, 96f–97f

High-energy radio frequency (HERF), 273

High-power Class IIIb lasers, 47

High-speed circuits, 21f

High-voltage circuitry:

of camera flash taser, 269–271, 275–276

dangerous capacitors in, 269–271, 307, 307f

of disposable cameras, 272

schematic of, 275f

High-voltage inverter, 274f, 275

Hook switch:

decoding wiring of, 162, 162f

removal of, 163–164

wiring diagram of, 163f

HyperTerminal program, 177, 205–206, 205f

I

I/O lines, of ATMega88, 255, 359–360

I/O port setup, 260

IC. See Integrated circuits

Illumination systems. See Infrared illuminator; Laser illumination system; LED infrared illuminator

Imaging device types, 113–114

Incandescent flashlights, 61, 61f

Indoor navigation, 209

Infrared illuminator:

camcorder with, 117–120, 118f–119f

completed, 75f

LEDs in, 77–78

light bulb with filter for, 64–65, 64f, 129–130

micro security camera used with, 71–73, 71f–72f

for night vision, 130–131

power needs of, 131–132

with spy camera, 72–75, 72f–75f

testing, 73–74, 73f–74f

Infrared input module, 261f

Infrared LEDs, 44f–45f, 57, 126f

appliances using, 253f

array wiring of, 95f

camcorders using, 118f–119f

datasheet on, 90–91, 127, 128f

focal range of, 45

for night vision, 78, 99

Nikon’s remote control with, 346

940-nm, 44–45, 68, 68f, 90, 118, 127

in remote controls, 44–45, 68, 68f, 90f, 118, 127

with security cameras, 67f, 114f

series chain quantity of, 133

series connection of, 70, 70f

3-V coin batteries testing, 46, 46f

Infrared light:

camcorders and digital cameras blocking, 44, 94, 111

exposed film passing, 60, 60f, 64

flashlights and, 62–63, 66f

floppy disk material passing, 61, 61f–62f

lasers output of, 52–53

LEDs failing to produce, 61f

night vision from video cameras and, 94

night vision using, 43, 43f

phototransistor working with, 226

security cameras seeing, 49–50, 58

sources of, 47

spy cameras and, 49f

video cameras seeing, 43, 94f

wavelengths of, 253–254

Infrared pass filter, 57–58, 58f–59f, 61

high-quality glass, 64

light bulb with, 129, 129f

light spectrum passed by, 48–49

materials used for, 49f

Integrated circuits (IC), 3, 124, 196

K

Keypad:

alarm system installation of, 284–286, 300

alarm system using, 283–284, 284f

dimension measurements of, 284–286, 285f–286f

matrix wiring diagram of, 284f, 286

wiring of, 286, 288–289

KML data, 210f–211f

KPC-EX20H spy camera, 49, 58, 73, 94

L

Laser(s):

alignment of dual, 106f, 231–232, 231f–232f

beam spread of, 105f

classes of, 99–100

collimating lenses on, 100

defocusing of, 47–48

DVD/CD burners differences in, 101, 103

high-power Class IIIb, 47

infrared radiation output from, 52–53

invisible infrared, 220

laser spy system alignment of, 221–223, 230–231, 234–235, 234f–235f

night vision with optical magnification and, 53f, 107–110

return beam capture of, 225, 230–231

windows target of, 220f

Laser diodes, 47–48, 48f, 100

brute force testing method of, 103, 123–124, 123f

dangers of, 101

datasheet on, 102–103, 102f

in DVD/CD burner, 101–102, 101f–102f, 104f

large beam cast by, 131

3-V button battery powering, 103–104, 103f

Laser illumination system:

completed, 132f

dangers of, 109–110

defocusing beam in, 100

gun sight used with, 107–110, 107f–110f

low-lux security camera used with, 106

range of, 109–110

Laser modules, 47, 47f, 130f

lens fastened to, 131, 131f

optics in, 100, 100f

power switches added to, 106f

Laser pointers, 47, 47f, 100f

collimating lenses on, 104–106, 130

Laser spy system:

audio processing programs used in, 233f

breadboard testing, 227–228

completed, 232f–233f

components of, 223–224

experiment verifying, 222–223

improving, 234–235

laser alignment of, 221–223, 230–231, 234–235, 234f–235f

laser’s return beam captured by, 225, 230–231

light-to-sound conversion in, 223–224, 224f, 227f

LM386 audio amplifier used in, 226–228, 322

long-range operation of, 233–234

perforated board used in, 228, 228f

power used for, 229

principles of, 220

project box installation of, 228–230, 228f–230f

reflective surface needed in, 221

sensitivity of, 222, 225, 232–233

sound detected by, 219

speaker as test window for, 221, 221f–223f

tripod mount for, 230–231

LCD. See Liquid crystal display

Lead-acid battery, 86, 86f

Leads:

cleaning, 30, 30f

trimming, 31, 31f

LED. See Light-emitting diodes

LED infrared illuminator, 49–51, 50f–51f, 78–79

AC powering, 82

in LCD monitor, 84–87, 85f–86f

massive, 51f, 83–87, 83f–87f

pulsed current used in, 89f

security camera used with, 51–52

series parallel wiring of, 96f

Lenses. See also Fresnel lens

assortment of, 105f, 131f

C-mount, 36, 36f, 108–109, 108f

C-type, 38f

collimating, 100, 104–106, 130

fixed, 38f–39f

laser modules with, 131, 131f

micro camera, 38

spy cameras, 35–36, 35f

telephoto, 336f, 337

Light:

spectrum, 43–44, 44f, 48–49, 127f, 253–254, 254f

wavelengths of, 253–254

Light bulb:

black, 59, 65–66

infrared illuminator using, 64–65, 64f, 129–130

infrared pass filter used with, 129, 129f

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 9. See also LED infrared illuminator

datasheet information on, 46f, 69–70, 69f, 91f

drill hole for, 134–135, 135f

880-nm, 128

green, 84–85

in infrared illuminator, 77–78

infrared light failed by, 61f

motion-activated camera using, 332f

night vision with, 39f

in perforated board, 78f–79f, 81f

polarity determination of, 68–69, 135

power requirements of, 80–81

pulsed-mode operation of, 89, 89f, 93–94

resistor values used with, 357

series parallel combination of, 80–81, 80f–81f, 134f

3-V coin batteries testing, 69–70

Light-to-sound conversion, 223–224, 224f, 227f

schematic of, 229f

tripod mounting for, 231f

Lights. See also Flashlights

external, 115–116, 115f–116f

flood, 327

florescent, 64

night, 223

security, 327–328, 328f, 331

Liquid crystal display (LCD), 42, 49, 58, 148f

LED infrared illuminator in, 84–87, 85f–86f

microcontroller connected to, 148, 178–180, 178f

LM78C05 regulator, 358

LM358 amplifier, 325, 326

LM386 audio amplifier, 226–228, 322

LM555 timer, 91

Long-range operation:

of laser spy system, 233–234

night vision in, 99f

Low-lux:

imaging in, 113–114

monochrome security cameras, 59–60, 65–66

security cameras, 82–83, 106, 125

spy camera, 62, 89–90, 94

video cameras, 58f

Low-resolution imaging, 113–114

Lucidscience.com, 82

Lux, defining, 37, 114

M

Manchester Encoding, 251

Mapping program, 210f

Marx generator, 269

MAX232 level converter, 196, 198f

Mercury switches, 288, 288f

Micro video cameras, 38, 42f

Microcontrollers, 19–20, 20f

alarm system programming of, 289–297

alarm system using, 283–284, 284f

ATMega88, 190

Atmel 324P, 179

C program used with, 254–255

CM8870 DTMF decoder chip connected to, 148

decoder source code with, 149–150, 150f

FV-M8 GPS module selection of, 197–198

GPS module connected to, 173f, 175, 188f, 195–196

installation of, 358–359

LCD screen connected to, 148, 178–180, 178f

NMEA strings from, 207f

schematic of GPS module and, 179f

sockets used for, 359

voltage relay driven by, 312

Microfarads (μF), 11

Microphone input, 168–169. See also Electret microphones

Mini-GPS, 174, 177, 178f

Mini spy cameras, 43

Mirror, one-way, 84–87

Modulation, 221

Molten solder, 29–30

Monochrome cameras, 37

Monochrome security cameras, 43

Motion-activated circuits, 326

Motion sensors:

AC to DC power conversion of, 328, 332

alarm system using, 288, 301

DC battery conversion of, 327

Fresnel lens location in, 328–329, 333f, 334

heat sensors used in, 327

passive, 288

PCB of, 329, 329f

ready-to-use boards available of, 328

reducing size of, 333f

schematic of, 329–330, 330f

security lights with, 327–328, 328f

trigger switch in, 300f

Motion trigger system, 334

Mounting brackets, 117f–118f

Mouse, roller ball, 225–226

Movement, 220

Multimeters, 18f

Music on hold system, 166

N

Negative side markings, 331

NIB (Neodymium) magnet, 213

Night light, 223

Night vision:

AC-to-DC power pack and, 82, 82f

camcorder converted for, 52f, 119–120, 119f–120f

camera viewfinder for, 52f

cameras, 39

infrared flashlight for, 66f

infrared illuminators for, 130–131

infrared LEDs for, 78, 99

infrared light used in, 43, 43f

laser and optical magnification system for, 53f, 107–110

LEDs for, 39f

long-range, 99f

telescope system for, 132f

video cameras and infrared light for, 94

Night vision viewer:

completed, 138f–139f

components of, 121–122, 136f–137f

composite video monitor for, 122

field of view of, 138–139

schematic of, 137f

security cameras detected by, 139f

viewfinder extraction for, 122–123, 122f

wiring of, 137f

Nikon D60, 336–337, 362

binoculars optimal focal point with, 337–338, 338f

gun sight optimal focal point with, 337–338, 337f–338f

Nikon D90, 74–75, 336, 362

Nikon SLR camera:

Clap Snap project using, 345, 345f, 362–364, 364f

infrared LED remote control of, 346

project box mounted to, 363, 363f

pulse train timing needed by, 346

remote-controlled shutter release with, 357–358

940-nm LEDs, 44–45, 68, 68f, 90, 118, 127

9-V batteries, 243, 361

NMEA strings, 180–188, 190

conversion of, 210f–211f

FV-M8 GPS module sending, 206

from GPS module, 205–209, 208f

from GPS tracking system, 205–210

from microcontroller, 207f

Noise:

generated annoying, 153–154

reducing breadboard, 5–6

Notch filter, 227–228, 233, 233f

Notching tool, 285, 285f

NPN timer circuits, 91

NPN transistors, 14, 224, 240, 272

NTSC (National Television System Committee), 37, 114

O

Octal inverting buffers, 147

Ohmmeter, 162, 163f

1/8-in stereo jack, 310f

1N4001 diode, 312

Op-amp comparator, 322–323

Optical magnification, 335f

base used with, 338

camera extension of, 335

camera mounted with, 339

camera retro-fitting with, 336–337

cameras alignment with, 338–340

center of balance mounting, 339f

night vision with lasers and, 53f, 107–110

Optics:

assortment of, 105f

in laser modules, 100, 100f

Organization, of electronic components, 8f, 33f–34f

Oscilloscopes, 19f, 93–94, 93f, 244, 245f

P

PAL (Phase Alternate Line), 37, 114

Parallel connection. See also Series parallel combination

in schematic, 5f

series wiring and, 96f

series with, 80–81, 80f–81f, 134f

voltages in series combination with, 133–134

Parts cabinet, 34f

Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR), 327–328

Passive motion sensor, 288

PCB. See Printed circuit board

Perforated board, 20, 20f

alarm system built on, 298–299, 298f–299f

camera trigger hack installed on, 313, 313f

Clap Snap project on, 358

component spacing in, 79

laser spy device using, 228, 228f

LEDs in, 78f–79f, 81f

pulsed-mode circuit on, 97f

remote control hijacker installed on, 262–263, 263f–264f

RF circuits build on, 243, 244f–245f

timer circuit tested on, 318f

working with, 71–72, 71f–72f

Phone line. See RJ-11 phone line

Photo flash capacitor, 271

Photocells, 14

Photocells, cadmium sulfide, 222–223

Photography, long distance, 341f

Photoresistor, 223–224, 223f–224f

Phototransistors, 225–226, 225f

breadboard testing of, 228f

choosing, 226f

infrared light working with, 226

Picofarads (pF), 11

Piezo buzzer, 157, 288

Pinout information:

signal, 252

of voltage regulator, 331–332, 331f

PIR. See Passive InfraRed sensor

Pistol-grip enclosure, 278, 279f

Plastic body, 270–271, 270f–271f

Playback function, 258

PNP transistors, 14

Pocket alarm, 286–287, 286f–287f

Polarity:

of electret microphones, 244f

LEDs determination of, 68–69, 135

Pop can, 264, 264f

Potentiometer (pot), 9, 97

Power connections, 113f, 263–264, 264f, 299, 360–361

Power requirements:

of camera flash taser, 276–277

of GPS module, 179–180

of laser spy device, 229

of LEDs, 80–81

Power-saving mode, 289

Power supplies, 18f, 361

Power switches, 106f

Printed circuit board (PCB), 4, 20–21, 21f

desoldering components from, 27–29

of motion sensors, 329, 329f

photo flash capacitor and, 271

prototype with, 83, 83f

removing parts from, 7f

reverse engineering of, 330–331, 330f–331f

soldering iron used on, 25–26

wiring of, 361f

Programmers, 19–20, 20f

Programming. See also Source code

of alarm system, 289–297

of Clap Snap project, 347–356

of GPS module data receiver, 180–188

of GPS tracking system, 198–205

languages, 197–198

of remote control hijacker, 255–261

Programs:

audio processing, 159–162, 169f, 228, 233f

C language, 251, 254–255

CodeVision, 255–260

data receiver, 180–188

HyperTerminal, 177, 205–206, 205f

mapping, 210f

variables in, 260

Project box:

audio mixing device installed in, 167, 167f

Clap Snap installed in, 358–361, 358f–359f

components installed in, 133, 133f

GPS tracking system components in, 196–197, 212–213, 212f–213f

laser spy device installed in, 228–230, 228f–230f

motion-activated camera installed in, 334, 334f

Nikon SLR mounted to, 363, 363f

sound-activated camera installed in, 325–326, 326f

Spammer Jammer components put in, 156–157

Prototype, 83

device used for, 3–6

with PCB, 83, 83f

Pulse stream, 260

Pulse train timing, 346

Pulsed-mode operation, 50

benefits of, 98

breadboard test circuit of, 92f

continuous current mode compared to, 95, 98, 127

datasheet information on, 90–91

800-mA short duration, 92f

high current transistors in, 96f–97f

LED infrared illuminator and, 89f

of LEDs, 89, 89f, 93–94

oscilloscope testing output of, 93–94, 93f

on perforated board, 97f

security camera illuminator using, 90, 90f

testing, 91–93, 94f

Pushbutton trigger, 279–280, 279f–280f, 309f

R

Radio frequency circuits (RF), 5, 237

antenna in, 246

breadboarding, 242–243, 242f

components of, 241

on perforated board, 243, 244f–245f

scanners with, 145

Radios, 238f

RC5 Protocol, 251–252, 252f, 262, 345

RCA jacks, 39, 40f, 115, 124

Ready-to-use motion sensors, 328

Record function, 260

Reflective surface, 221, 221f

Relay driver board, 324, 324f

breadboard testing, 317–318, 317f–318f

camera functions controlled by, 333–334, 333f

sound activation circuit connected to, 325f

Relays, 14, 305

cameras isolation through, 321, 321f

controller for, 313f

shutter release button and, 334

Remote control hijacker:

appliance control taken by, 251

breadboard testing of, 261, 261f

CodeVision C source code for, 255–260

ground and power connections of, 263–264, 264f

infrared input module of, 261f

initial testing of, 262f

modifications to, 266

perforated board installation of, 262–263, 263f–264f

pop can installation of, 264–266, 264f–266f

programming of, 255–261

RC5 Protocol used by, 262

schematic of, 255f

sensitivity of, 261

Sharp GP1UM26X decoder module used by, 252

Remote controls:

decoder modules, 252, 253f

Nikon shutter release controlled with, 357–358

Nikon’s, 346

940-nm infrared LEDs in, 44–45, 68, 68f, 90, 118, 127

RC5 Protocol used by, 251–252, 252f

testing security cameras response with, 50f

Resistors, 8–10, 8f

color code chart of, 10t

desoldering of, 29

LEDs used with, 357

photo, 223–224, 223f–224f size of, 8–9, 241

symbols of, 9f

values coded on, 9, 357

variable, 9, 9f

Reverse engineering:

AC regulation circuitry removal using, 333

camera flash taser with, 275

of PCB, 330–331, 330f–331f

Reverse voltage, 127

RF. See Radio frequency circuits

RF coils, 239–240, 239f–240f

RG-59 coaxial cable, 41, 115

RJ-11 phone line, 145, 145f

capacitors inserted in, 155

cutting, 154, 154f

hack schematic of, 154f

wires of, 161, 161f

Rosin core solder, 26

RS232 serial connector, 175, 196, 199f

S

San Jose Navigation, 174

Satellites, for GPS, 173, 175, 189, 193

Schematics:

of alarm system, 289f

for camera timer project, 316, 316f

of Clap Snap project, 347f, 360f

of 800-mA LED pulsed-mode operation, 92f

GPS module and microcontroller, 179f

GPS tracking system, 196f

of high-voltage circuitry, 275f

of high-voltage inverter, 274f

of higher current LED pulsed-mode operation, 96f–97f

of LEDs series parallel combination, 80f

of light-to-sound receiver, 229f

of motion sensor, 329–330, 330f

of night vision viewer, 137f

parallel connection in, 5f

phone line hack, 154f

of remote control hijacker, 255f

of sound-activated camera, 322f

of Spammer Jammer, 155f

for spy transmitter, 240f

Schottky barrier rectifier, 13

Screws, hidden, 306

Security cameras, 35–36, 35f

BNC-type connectors on, 40f

C-mount lens on, 108–109, 108f

connector types on, 39–40, 115

imaging device types of, 113–114

infrared illuminator using, 71–73, 71f–72f

infrared LEDs with, 67f, 114f

infrared light seen by, 49–50, 58

LED infrared illuminator used with, 51–52

low-lux, 82–83, 106, 125

low-lux monochrome, 59–60, 65–66

monochrome, 43

night vision LEDs on, 39f

night vision viewer detecting, 139f

pulsed-mode illuminator used with, 90, 90f

remote control testing response of, 50f

RG-59 coaxial cable used for, 41, 115

Security lights:

motion sensor part of, 327–328, 328f

voltage regulator in, 331

Self-contained mode, 287–288, 288f

Semiconductors, inventory of, 31

Sensitivity:

of laser spy system, 222, 225, 232–233

of remote control hijacker, 261

sound-activated camera adjustments of, 325–326

Sensors, alarm system using, 300

Serial communications, 205f

Serial ports (USART), 195, 197f–198f

connectors for, 213, 213f

receiving data through, 199

RS232 connectors for, 175, 196, 199f

Series circuits, 70, 70f

Series parallel combination:

connections in, 133

LED infrared illuminator wiring in, 96f

of LEDs, 80–81, 80f–81f, 134f

schematic of, 80f

voltages in, 133–134

74121 one-shot, 322, 323, 323f

74154 decoder chip, 146, 146f

78L08 regulator, 331

Sharp GP1UM26X decoder module, 252

Shielded coaxial cable, 115, 115f

Shoot function, 309

Shutter release button:

cameras hack of, 305

digital camera removal of, 308–309, 308f, 324

external control of, 305f–306f, 310–311

relays and, 334

remote controlled, 357–358

removal of, 308–309, 308f

wiring of, 309–310

Signal pin, 252

Siren, 299f

6-V batteries, 313, 332

SMDs. See Surface-mounted devices

Solder:

blobs, 28, 30, 31, 32f

molten, 29–30

rosin core, 26

Solder sucker, 7, 26

accuracy with, 27f

techniques with, 29f

using, 29

Soldering:

cleaning soldering iron and, 31

iron, 18f

PCB and, 25–26

SMDs, 32, 32f–33f

station, 25–26, 31–32

tinning in, 32, 32f

Sony camcorder, 129

Sound. See also Camera, sound-activated

activation circuits, 325f

Clap Snap project triggered by, 362

converted from light, 223–224, 224f, 227f

laser spy system detecting, 219

Source code:

alarm system altering of, 298

CodeVision C, 255–260

decoder, 149–150, 150f

Spammer Jammer:

annoying noise generated by, 153–154

breadboard setup of, 156f

components installed of, 156–157

schematic of, 155f

telemarketers deterred by, 153

Sparkfun.com, 174, 177, 194, 283

Speakers, 221, 221f–223f

Spy cameras:

camcorders receiving video input from, 95, 111f

focus on, 114, 114f

infrared illuminator with, 72–75, 72f–75f

infrared light and, 49f

KPC-EX20H, 49, 58, 73, 94

lens size and style of, 35–36, 35f

low-lux, 62, 89–90, 94

mini, 43

wiring of, 36

Spy transmitter, 237f

audio preamplifier stage of, 240–241, 245–246

components of, 240f–241f

miniaturization of, 248–249, 248f–249f

schematic for, 240f

test points of, 245, 245f

tuning process of, 247–248, 247f

Static electricity, 32

Stray capacitance, 243

Stripping wires, 5f

Surface-mounted devices (SMDs), 18, 45

coding of, 32

extraction of, 33f

removing, 33

sizes of, 33

soldering, 32, 32f–33f

Switches, 288

Symbols:

of capacitors, 11f

of diode, 13f

of resistors, 9f

of transistors, 14f

Synthesizer, wand-operated, 219

T

Telemarketers, 153

Telephone:

audio processing device for, 159–162, 166–167

breadboarding decoder for, 147f

decoder source code and, 149–150, 150f

DTMF used in, 143

electret microphone removed from, 164–165

electret microphones of, 165f–166f, 238f

headset wiring of, 165f

hook switch removal, 163–164

music on hold system for, 166

RJ-11 phone line and, 145, 145f

tearing apart, 160–161, 160f

touch tone, 143

voice changer, 170

wires of, 161, 161f

Telephoto lens, 336f, 337

Telescope:

digital camera adapted to, 342–343, 342f–343f

long distance photography with, 341f

night vision system attached to, 132f

Theremin, Leon, 219

3-V button batteries, 46, 46f

laser diodes powered by, 103–104, 103f

LED testing with, 69–70

360-V capacitors, 270, 273, 273f

Time-lapse photography, 315, 317–319

Timer circuits, 318f

TIP120 transistor, 95–96

Touch tone telephones, 143

Tracking device, 193

Transformer, step up, 272

Transistors, 13–15

high current, 96f–97f

NPN and PNP, 14, 224, 240, 272

NPN timer circuit with, 91

parameters of, 237–238

TIP120, 95–96

2N2222, 15–16, 15f, 92, 96, 224, 312

2N3904, 92, 224, 312

types and symbols of, 14f

voltage relay driven by, 312f

Trigger relay board, 333

Trimmer capacitors, 240, 247

Tripod mounting, 109, 109f, 339, 339f, 342

for laser spy device, 230–231

for light-to-sound conversion, 231f

Tungsten filament, 61

Tuning process, 247–248, 247f

2N2222 transistor, 15–16, 15f, 92, 96, 224, 312

2N3904 transistor, 92, 224, 312

U

Ultraviolet light, 43, 57, 59, 59f, 65

USB operation, 176–177

V

Vacuum tube-based computers, 13

Values:

of ceramic capacitors, 12t

of resistors, 9, 357

Variable-rate pulse timer, 316–317

Variable resistors, 9, 9f

Vibrations, 225

Video:

camcorders receiving, 95, 111–112, 111f–112f, 119f

outputs, 113f

viewfinders input wire for, 124–125

Video cameras:

binoculars mounted to, 132

infrared light seen by, 43, 94f

low-lux, 58f

micro, 38, 42f

night vision from infrared light and, 94

power and video outputs of, 113f

selection of, 112–113, 112f

ultraviolet light seen by, 57, 59f

Viewfinders:

blue glow of, 123, 124f

installing, 136f

for night vision, 52f

night vision viewer extraction of, 122–123, 122f

video input wire of, 124–125

wiring of, 123, 123f

Vocoders, 168

Voice, altering, 159–160

Voltage regulator:

LM78C05, 358

motion-activated camera and, 331–332

pinout information of, 331–332, 331f

in security lights, 331

Voltage relay:

breadboard testing, 312, 312f

camera trigger hack using, 311–312, 311f

microcontroller driving, 312

transistor circuit driving, 312f

Voltages:

of camera flash taser, 269–271, 275–276

camera flash taser output of, 276–277

circuitry with high, 272

in series parallel combination, 133–134

W

Wand-operated synthesizer, 219

Watts (W) = Amps (A) × Volts (V), 80

Wavelengths, of light, 253–254

Wires:

Cat5, 4–5

copper, 239–240

of electret microphones, 346–347

of RJ-11 phone line, 161, 161f

stripping, 5f

telephone, 161, 161f

viewfinders input, 124–125

Wiring:

of alarm system, 299–300, 299f

camera flash taser and, 276f

of cameras, 113

Cat5 networking, 72

of GPS module, 189f, 194–195

headset, 165f

hook switch decoding of, 162, 162f

hook switch diagram of, 163f

ICs and identification of, 124

infrared LEDs array, 96f

of keypad, 286, 288–289

keypad matrix diagram of, 284f, 286

of night vision viewer, 137f

of PCB, 361f

series parallel, 96f

of shutter release button, 309–310

of spy cameras, 36

of viewfinders, 123, 123f

X

X-ray vision, 65, 120

X-ray video, 129