- Preface to the Second Edition
- Preface
- Nomenclature
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Compressible Flow with Friction and Heat: A Review
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 A Brief Review of Thermodynamics
- 2.3 Isentropic Process and Isentropic Flow
- 2.4 Conservation Principles for Systems and Control Volumes
- 2.5 Speed of Sound & Mach Number
- 2.6 Stagnation State
- 2.7 Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow
- 2.8 Area–Mach Number Relationship
- 2.9 Sonic Throat
- 2.10 Waves in Supersonic Flow
- 2.11 Normal Shocks
- 2.12 Oblique Shocks
- 2.13 Conical Shocks
- 2.14 Expansion Waves
- 2.15 Frictionless, Constant-Area Duct Flow with Heat Transfer
- 2.16 Adiabatic Flow of a Calorically Perfect Gas in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction
- 2.17 Friction (Drag) Coefficient Cf and D’Arcy Friction Factor and D’Arcy Friction Factor fD
- 2.18 Dimensionless Parameters
- 2.19 Fluid Impulse
- 2.20 Summary of Fluid Impulse
- References
- Problems
- 3 Engine Thrust and Performance Parameters
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Installed Thrust—Some Bookkeeping Issues on Thrust and Drag
- 3.3 Engine Thrust Based on the Sum of Component Impulse
- 3.4 Rocket Thrust
- 3.5 Airbreathing Engine Performance Parameters
- 3.6 Modern Engines, Their Architecture and Some Performance Characteristics
- 3.7 Summary
- References
- Problems
- 4 Gas Turbine Engine Cycle Analysis
- 5 General Aviation and Uninhabited Aerial  Vehicle Propulsion System
- 6 Aircraft Engine Inlets and Nozzles
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 The Flight Mach Number and Its Impact on Inlet Duct Geometry
- 6.3 Diffusers
- 6.4 An Ideal Diffuser
- 6.5 Real Diffusers and Their Stall Characteristics
- 6.6 Subsonic Diffuser Performance
- 6.7 Subsonic Cruise Inlet
- 6.8 Transition Ducts
- 6.9 An Interim Summary for Subsonic Inlets
- 6.10 Supersonic Inlets
- 6.11 Normal Shock Inlets
- 6.12 External Compression Inlets
- 6.13 Variable Geometry—External Compression Inlets
- 6.14 Mixed-Compression Inlets
- 6.15 Supersonic Inlet Types and Their Performance—A Review
- 6.16 Standards for Supersonic Inlet Recovery
- 6.17 Exhaust Nozzle
- 6.18 Gross Thrust
- 6.19 Nozzle Adiabatic Efficiency
- 6.20 Nozzle Total Pressure Ratio
- 6.21 Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) and Critical Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPRcrit.)
- 6.22 Relation Between Nozzle Figures of Merit, ηn and πn
- 6.23 A Convergent Nozzle or a De Laval?
- 6.24 The Effect of Boundary Layer Formation on Nozzle Internal Performance
- 6.25 Nozzle Exit Flow Velocity Coefficient
- 6.26 Effect of Flow Angularity on Gross Thrust
- 6.27 Nozzle Gross Thrust Coefficient Cfg
- 6.28 Overexpanded Nozzle Flow—Shock Losses
- 6.29 Nozzle Area Scheduling, A8 and A9/A8
- 6.30 Nozzle Exit Area Scheduling, A9/A8
- 6.31 Nozzle Cooling
- 6.32 Thrust Reverser and Thrust Vectoring
- 6.33 Hypersonic Nozzle
- 6.34 Exhaust Mixer and Gross Thrust Gain in a Mixed-Flow Turbofan Engine
- 6.35 Noise
- 6.36 Nozzle-Turbine (Structural) Integration
- 6.37 Summary of Exhaust Systems
- References
- Problems
- 7 Combustion Chambers and Afterburners
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Laws Governing Mixture of Gases
- 7.3 Chemical Reaction and Flame Temperature
- 7.4 Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Composition
- 7.5 Chemical Kinetics
- 7.6 Combustion Chamber
- 7.7 Combustion-Generated Pollutants
- 7.8 Aviation Fuels
- 7.9 Alternative “Drop-In” Jet Fuels (AJFs)
- 7.10 Combustion Instability: Screech and Rumble
- 7.11 Summary
- References
- Problems
- 8 Axial Compressor Aerodynamics
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 The Geometry
- 8.3 Rotor and Stator Frames of Reference
- 8.4 The Euler Turbine Equation
- 8.5 Axial-Flow Versus Radial-Flow Machines
- 8.6 Axial-Flow Compressors and Fans
- 8.7 Compressor Performance Map
- 8.8 Compressor Instability – Stall and Surge
- 8.9 Multistage Compressors and Their Operating Line
- 8.10 Multistage Compressor Stalling Pressure Rise and Stall Margin
- 8.11 Multistage Compressor Starting Problem
- 8.12 The Effect of Inlet Flow Condition on Compressor Performance
- 8.13 Isometric and Cutaway Views of Axial-Flow Compressor Hardware
- 8.14 Compressor Design Parameters and Principles
- 8.15 Summary
- References
- Problems
- 9 Centrifugal Compressor Aerodynamics
- 10 Aerothermo-dynamics of Gas Turbines
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Axial-Flow Turbines
- 10.3 Turbine Performance Map
- 10.4 The Effect of Cooling on Turbine Efficiency
- 10.5 Turbine Blade Profile Design
- 10.6 Stresses in Turbine Blades and Disks and Useful Life Estimation
- 10.7 Axial-Flow Turbine Design and Practices
- 10.8 Gas Turbine Design Summary
- 10.9 Summary
- References
- Problems
- 11 Aircraft Engine Component Matching and Off-Design Analysis
- 12 Chemical Rocket and Hypersonic Propulsion
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 From Takeoff to Earth Orbit
- 12.3 Chemical Rockets
- 12.4 Chemical Rocket Applications
- 12.5 New Parameters in Rocket Propulsion
- 12.6 Thrust Coefficient, CF
- 12.7 Characteristic Velocity, c*
- 12.8 Flight Performance
- 12.9 Multistage Rockets
- 12.10 Propulsive and Overall Efficiencies
- 12.11 Chemical Rocket Combustion Chamber
- 12.12 Thrust Chamber Cooling
- 12.13 Combustor Volume and Shape
- 12.14 Rocket Nozzles
- 12.15 High-Speed Airbreathing Engines
- 12.16 Rocket-Based Airbreathing Propulsion
- 12.17 Summary
- References
- Problems
- A. U.S. Standard Atmosphere
- B. Isentropic Table
- C. Normal Shock Table
- D. Rayleigh Flow
- E. Fanno Flow
- F. Prandtl–Meyer Function and Mach Angle
- G. Oblique Shock Charts
- H. Conical Shock Charts
- I. Cascade Data
- J. Websites
- K. 10-Minute Quiz: Closed books and notes
- Quiz No. 1
- Quiz No. 2
- Quiz No. 3
- Quiz No. 4
- Quiz No. 5
- Quiz No. 6
- Quiz No. 7
- Quiz No. 8
- Quiz No. 9
- Quiz No. 10
- Quiz No. 11
- Quiz No. 12
- Quiz No. 13
- Quiz No. 14
- Quiz No. 15
- Quiz No. 16
- Quiz No. 17
- Quiz No. 18
- Quiz No. 19
- Quiz No. 20
- Quiz No. 21
- Quiz No. 22
- Quiz No. 23
- Quiz No. 24
- Quiz No. 25
- Quiz No. 26
- Quiz No. 27
- Quiz No. 28
- Quiz No. 29
- Quiz No. 30
- Quiz No. 31
- Quiz No. 32
- Quiz No. 33
- Quiz No. 34
- Quiz No. 35
- Quiz No. 36
- Quiz No. 37
- Quiz No. 38
- Quiz No. 39
- Quiz No. 40
- Quiz No. 41
- Quiz No. 42
- Quiz No. 43
- Quiz No. 44
- Quiz No. 45
- L. Some “Rules of Thumb” and ” and Trends in Aircraft Propulsion
- Index
- End User License Agreement
APPENDIX H
Conical Shock Charts
Conical Shock Charts γ = 1.4
- Shock angle versus approach Mach number, with cone angle as parameter.
- Ratio of surface pressure to free stream stagnation pressure versus free stream Mach number.
- Surface Mach number versus free stream Mach number, with cone angle as parameter.
- Ratio of surface stagnation pressure to free stream stagnation pressure, with cone angle as parameter.
- Regions of shock attachment and detachment for cone and wedge.
- Pressure drag coefficient based on projected frontal area.
From: A. H. Shapiro, The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid
Flow, Vol. II, The Ronald Press Company, 1954.
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