Comparing Numbers

The if statement in lines 19–20

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if ( number1 == number2 )
   cout << number1 << " == " << number2 << endl;

compares the values of variables number1 and number2 to test for equality. If the values are equal, the statement in line 20 displays a line of text indicating that the numbers are equal. If the conditions are true in one or more of the if statements starting in lines 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34, the corresponding body statement displays an appropriate line of text.

Each if statement in Fig. 2.10 has a single statement in its body and each body statement is indented. In Chapter 4 we show how to specify if statements with multiple-statement bodies (by enclosing the body statements in a pair of braces, { }, creating what’s called a compound statement or a block).

Image Common Programming Error 2.4

Placing a semicolon immediately after the right parenthesis after the condition in an if statement is often a logic error (although not a syntax error). The semicolon causes the body of the if statement to be empty, so the if statement performs no action, regardless of whether or not its condition is true. Worse yet, the original body statement of the if statement now becomes a statement in sequence with the if statement and always executes, often causing the program to produce incorrect results.

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