Graphical Analysis of Pass-By-Value and Pass-By-Reference

Figures 8.8–8.9 analyze graphically the execution of Fig. 8.6 and Fig. 8.7, respectively. In the diagrams, the values in rectangles above a given expression or variable represent the value of that expression or variable. Each diagram’s right column shows functions cubeByValue (Fig. 8.6) and cubeByReference (Fig. 8.7) only when they’re executing.

Fig. 8.8. Pass-by-value analysis of the program of Fig. 8.6.

Fig. 8.9. Pass-by-reference analysis of the program of Fig. 8.7.