break Statement

The break statement, when executed in a while, for, do...while or switch statement, causes immediate exit from that statement. Program execution continues with the next statement. Common uses of the break statement are to escape early from a loop or to skip the remainder of a switch statement. Figure 5.13 demonstrates the break statement (line 13) exiting a for repetition statement.

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 1   // Fig. 5.13: fig05_13.cpp
 2   // break statement exiting a for statement.
 3   #include <iostream>
 4   using namespace std;
 5
 6   int main()
 7   {
 8      unsigned int count; // control variable also used after loop terminates
 9
10      for ( count = 1; count <= 10; ++count ) // loop 10 times
11      {
12         if ( count == 5 )                         
13            break; // break loop only if count is 5
14
15         cout << count << " ";
16      } // end for
17
18      cout << " Broke out of loop at count = " << count << endl;
19   } // end main

1 2 3 4
Broke out of loop at count = 5

Fig. 5.13. break statement exiting a for statement.

When the if statement detects that count is 5, the break statement executes. This terminates the for statement, and the program proceeds to line 18 (immediately after the for statement), which displays a message indicating the control variable value that terminated the loop. The for statement fully executes its body only four times instead of 10. The control variable count is defined outside the for statement header, so that we can use the control variable both in the loop’s body and after the loop completes its execution.

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