p.241

Index

Abbott and Costello 192

ability to decode news stories 113–115

abrasive, humor as 100

Absolut Vodka 136

acceptance of proposals 181–182, 185, 186, 187

accountability 86, 93, 94

action, level of 33–36

activism: activist–business engagement xxvii, 42–55; CCSMs xxvii, 29–41; use of humor in 44–45

adaptive humor 9

Adorno, T. 3

advertising 127; categorization of adverts 134–135; controversial humor in xxix, 132–145; Foody xxix, 117–131; humor in 134–136; newsjacking xxviii–xxix, 111–116; TV adverts recast on YouTube xxviii, 59–80; typology of humor for content marketing xxviii, 59–80

Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) 138

affiliative humor 8–10, 150–152, 153, 162–163

affirmation 33–34

aggressive humor 8–10, 150–152, 162–163; derogatory 150, 153–159

allusional pretense theory 205–206

ambivalent social gesture, humor as 192–195

American pragmatism 23–24

amusement 11

animated cartoons xxix, 118–127

anthropomorphism 119, 127

anti-nuclear movement 43, 45–53

Antoine, T. 217, 223

anxiety 67, 68–69

appropriateness 136

Arabella cartoon 123–124

Arcimboldo, G. 118

armed forces xxxi, 191, 198–200, 201

arousal–safety (relief) theory 31, 59, 60, 67–70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217

Asmuss, B. 179

Association against Domestic Violence 87

atomic individualism 18, 23

Attardo, S. 133, 134

attitudes to work xxx, 161–176

Australia 45–53

authentic happiness 5

authority 179

Avolio, B. 170

awkwardness 70, 71, 77–79

Axe 77

Balmer, J.M. 85

banter 219

Beard, F.K. 81, 82, 136

belittling humor 223

belonging 219

beneficial attribute, humor as 163–164

Benjamin, W. 3

Berger, A.A. 132

Berger, J. 111

Bergson, H. 229

Billig, M. 190

Bisio, C. 122

Blendtec 73

Blyton, P. 165

BMW Mini 114–115

bonding 192–193, 219

‘Boobsgate’ 90, 91, 92, 93

boss’s buttocks photo 231–232

Boxer, C.F. 222

boycotting 140–141

Brady Corporation 164

Brand, R. 29

brand-building, ethical xxviii, 81–98

brand mascots xxix, 117–131

Breton, G. 23, 24

Brooklyn 99 197

Brunner, P. 190, 191

Buchholz, R.A. 18, 23–24

Bud Light 111, 112, 113

bullying 211–212, 223

Burger King (BK) 140, 143

Business and Society 17

p.242

business and society discourse xxvii, 14–26

business communication 43–44

business in society perspective 23–25

business models workshops 179–187

Butler, N. 229

buttocks photo 231–232

Cacioppo, J.T. 111

Canada xxxi, 191, 195–200

Canadian Armed Forces xxxi, 191, 198–200, 201

canonical irony 206

capitalism, free 14–21

Carroll, A.B. 18

cartoons, animated xxix, 118–127

cavalier humor beliefs 158

centrally processed information 112

CEO-imposed humor 231–234

challenging 33, 35

Chenier, E. 196

Chiellini, G. 111

children 76

clarification 33–34, 126

Clinton, H. 217

close relationships 207–208, 212

clowning 42, 48, 124–125

clumsiness 124–125

co-creation of brands 95–96

cognitive linguistic perspective 120, 121

cognitive-perceptual perspective 120–121

cohesion 33, 34–35, 44, 50

collaborative innovation processes xxx, 177–189

collective aspect of laughter 229

collective identity 34–35

collective intelligence (c) factor 216–217

comic wit 60, 62–63, 82, 83, 89–90, 92–93, 135

common ground 207

communication: brand mascots and communicative functions 119, 120–127; role of humor in business communication 43–44; styles and activist–business engagement 42–55

computer-mediated communication 210–212

computer-oriented humor 219–220

condemnation 33, 35

congruence 113

content marketing xxviii, 59–80; digital xxviii, 81–98

contradiction 209

control 228, 229, 232–234, 239; management controlling humor 234–236

controversial humor xxix, 132–145

conversation analysis 179–187

corporate brand identity 84–96

corporate social responsibility (CSR) 17–19, 24

corporate zombies walk 35

corrective aspect of laughter 229

Coser, R.L. 194

Costello, M. 190, 191

counter-corporate social movements (CCSMs) xxvii, 29–41

creativity 209–210

Critchley, S. 193, 229

critical analysis of workplace humor xxxi–xxxii, 228–240

criticism 206–207

cross-cultural distinctions 152

Cruthirds, K.W. 99, 219, 222

cultural change 199–200, 201

customer contact xxviii, 99–110

cyberbullying 211–212

Darges, F. 224

dark humor 228–229, 230–236, 238

Davies, W. 3–4

de Blasio, B. 217

decoding news stories 113–115

deep acting xxviii, 101–102, 103, 104–108

democracy 20; in markets 21–23

denigration 156

derogatory aggressive humor 150, 153–159

Deschamps Report xxxi, 191, 198–200

designation 33, 35–36

Dickson, E.J. 220

Dickson, T. 73

differentiation 33, 35–36, 126

digital content marketing xxviii, 81–98

DiGormo Pizza 113

Disney Italia cartoons xxix, 118–127

disparagement (superiority) theory 11, 31, 59, 60–66, 70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217

distancing 50

diversity 86, 93, 94

dominance 238, 239

domination 156

dongles 223

double-edged sword 38–39, 113, 149, 199

dramatic irony 205

Duncan, W.J. 218

Duncker candle problem 210

echoic mention theory 205

echoic reminder theory 205

ego depletion theory 100, 107

Ehrenreich, B. 10–11

elaboration likelihood model (ELM) 112

e-mail 210–211

emergency workers 166

emoticons 211

emotion work strategies xxviii, 99–110

p.243

emotions 178, 204; communication of 204–205

Engler, R.K. 224

environmental change 168–169

equality 19–20, 21–22

ethical branding xxviii, 81–98

ethics 86

ethnic humor 220–224

ethnographic approach 229–230

‘Everywear – Burton Menswear’ advert 137

exaggeration 211; see also hyperbole

exclusion 208

exclusionary workplace cultures xxx–xxxi, 190–203

exclusivity 112–113

Expo Milan 2015 Foody mascot xxix, 117–131

External Review into Sexual Misconduct and Sexual Harassment in the Canadian Armed Forces (Deschamps Report) xxxi, 191, 198–200

Facebook 81, 84, 88–94, 95

Fair Work Australia 208

Fan, Y. 95

‘FawKing great offers’ advert 137–138

‘Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life’ 117, 118

Feisal, J.P. 218

FIFA World Cup 111

financial institution 235–236

Finnish online army store xxviii, 81, 87–95

firefighter training xxxi, 191, 197–198, 201

fit 113

fitting in 233–234

Fleming, P. 230

Foody xxix, 117–131

Forceville, C. 139

Ford, T.E. 222

Frankfurt School 3, 5

Frederick, W.C. 17

Fredrickson, B. xxvi, 5, 11

freedom 15–16, 19, 20, 21–22

Freud, S. 7, 10, 218

Friedman, M. xxvii, 14, 15–20, 24

‘From Sharp minds come Sharp products’ advert 137

full comedy 70, 83, 89, 92–93, 135

fun: environment 167; humor imposed by management 230–231; management controlling humor 234–236

functionalist approaches 228

functions of humor xxv, 8, 32

Geico 77

gender-based stereotypes 141–142

general theory of verbal humor (GTVH) 133–134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143

‘Genocide beret’ 87

George, Prince 111

Gérin, A. 134

German retail stores 103–108

global contrariety 121, 124

global market 136–143

Golf Channel 113

government, role of 19–20

Graf, L. 194, 200

Graham, E. 32

grassroots activism 45–53

grounded theory approach 46

groups: banter and bonding 219; cohesion 165, 218–219; evolution 195; formation 192–193; in-group aggressive humor 153, 155; maturity 199; out-group aggressive humor 153–154, 155

Gruner, C.R. 221–222

Guagliò cartoon 123, 124

Haibo 119

Hall, J. 197

halo effect 132

handmade signs 34, 35

happiness 3–4, 169; formula 5

hash tags 211

Hatch, M.J. 178–179

Hemmasi, M. 194, 200

hierarchies 194, 209

Hiller, H. 36, 37

Hiscock, V. 198

Hitler, A. 224

Hobbes, T. 31

Holmes, J. 49, 195, 199

honesty 86, 93, 94

hope 170

Horita, M. 178

Horkheimer, M. 3

hostile work environments xxx–xxxi, 190–203, 221, 222

Hudson, K.M. 164

Huggies advertisements 140–142

Hughes, L.W. 170

human resource development 164, 168–169

humor climate approach 153–154

Humor Climate Questionnaire (HCQ) 153, 154, 156

humor scores 6–7

humor styles 99, 162–163; in the workplace xxix–xxx, 149–160

Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) 8–9, 10, 150–151, 162, 163

Hurricane Sandy 113

hyperbole 60–61, 63, 64, 65–66, 73, 78–79

hyperdetermination 134; punctual 141–142

I Love Lucy 75

ideological positivism 4, 9, 10; humor and 6–8

p.244

imposition of humor 230–234

Imus, D. 217, 223

in-group aggressive humor 153, 155

incongruity-resolution 82, 83, 123–126, 133, 135–136

incongruity theory 31, 59, 60–61, 62–63, 217; Foody cartoons 120–121, 123–126

individual differences 157–158

individual-level psychological roles of humor 36–38

infantilism 67, 68–69

inferability, heuristic of 207–208

information processing 111

innocent jokes 7, 218

innovation processes xxx, 177–189

inside-out perspective 84–85

integrity 86, 93, 94

international NGOs 45

International Society for Humor Studies 164

inter-organizational relationships 186–187

interpersonal humor 8–9

intimacy 207–208, 212

intrapsychic humor 8–9

ironic juxtaposition 60–61, 62, 64, 65–66, 72–73, 78–79

irony 44, 49; dramatic 205; situational 205; verbal xxxi, 204–215; visual 72

IT organizations 231–234, 237–238

Italy 141–142

James, L. 138

Jewish jokes 7, 220, 222, 224

Johnson, S. 75

Johnson & Johnson 111

jokers 236–238

justice 17, 19, 22

Kant, I. 86, 95

Karim, K.H. 193, 201

Key Flag Symbol 91

Kiccoro 119

Kier, E. 199

Kimberly-Clark 140–142

knowledge resources (KRs) 133–134

Kraus, K. 3

Kutz-Flamenbaum, R.V. 32–33

language (LA) 134, 138

laughter 133, 162, 163, 229; collaborative innovation processes 185, 187; types of 162

law firm 234–235

leadership 166

‘Less bread. No jam’ advert 137

level of action 33–36

level of resistance 36–38

libertarian thought xxvii, 14–26

Lievrouw, L.A. 44

Lightoman 179–187

Lindholm, V. 87

Little Hans 7

local market 136–143

logical discord 61, 62–63

logical mechanism (LM) 133, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142

logical positivism 4

London Transport 137

Luthans, F. 170

Maemura, Y. 178

maladaptive humor 9

malicious joy 64, 66, 71, 75, 78–79

management/managers: changing work environment and management practices 168–169; controlling humor 234–236; ethical branding by SMEs 94–95; humor in customer contact 107–108; humor and innovation processes 187; humor and leadership 166; humor as a tool of 187; imposition of humor 230–234; resistance to directives through joking 236–238, 238–239

Marcuse, H. 3, 4, 9

markets 19–20; democracy in 21–23; free 15–17

Marra, M. 49

Martin, R.A. 8–9, 10, 99, 150, 162

Martineau, W.H. 100, 154–155, 157

mascots, brand xxix, 117–131

Matten, D. 18

Max Mais cartoon 123, 124, 125

McGhee, P.E. 218

meat adulteration scandal 114–115

mediation-analysis 105–106

Menchion, T. 198

Meyer, J.C. 126

Mini John Cooper Works Roadster advert 114–115

mobilization 33, 34–35

mockery 61–64, 65–66, 70, 71

Montemurro, B. 196–197

Moon, J. 18

Morizo 119

Morreall, J. 31, 163

Moss, E.M. 221

movement-level strategic roles of humor 33–36

Mulkay, M. 194

multimodal discourse analysis 121–122

multimodal metaphors 139

multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) 114–115

mutual coping 36–37

mutual stirring 36, 37

p.245

narrative strategy (NS) 133, 138, 141

narratives 86–87, 88–93

Nash, W. 132

Nazism 220

negative humor 8–9; customer contact 99, 100–101, 102–103, 104–108; in the workplace 149–150, 167–168, 220–222; see also toxic workplace humor

Negative Humor Questionnaire (NHQ) 156–157

negative thinking 3

negotiations 178

New Public Management 23

newsjacking xxviii–xxix, 111–116

Noah, T. 217, 220

non-canonical irony 206

non-consequentialist theories of ethics 86

Noon, M. 165

Obama, B. 111

Occupy Movement (OM) 30, 33–39

odd behaviors 61, 62–63

Office, The 223

olive in a glass problem 210

Onkila, T.J. 23

online clothing store xxviii, 81, 87–95

online verbal irony 210–212

open innovation 186–187

optimism 170

Oreo 111

organizational commitment 151

orientation of humorous messages 33–38

Oshima, S. 179

out-group aggressive humor 153–154, 155

outside-in perspective 84–85

paradoxical conflicts 187

Parker, M. 231

passive-aggressive behavior 208

Peale, N.V. 5

Penn Resilience Program 6

Peppers, D. 84

perceived norm theory 157

perceptual displacement 60–61, 62, 64, 65–66, 70–72, 78–79

perceptual mapping 78–79

performance, work xxx, 161–176

peripheral information processing 112

personification 119, 122–123

persuasion 49

Pesqueux, Y. 23, 24

Peterson, M.A. 192–193

Petty, R.E. 111

Pitbull 138

Plato 162

PlayStation Portable (PSP) 139–140, 143

playfulness and humor signature strength 6

Plester, B.A. 219

police 197, 199

politeness theory 206–207

Pollyanna principle 205, 206

Pomina cartoon 124, 125

pornography xxxi, 191, 197–198, 201

positive humor 8–9, 149–150; benefits in the workplace xxx, 161–176; customer contact 99, 100–101, 102–103, 104–108

positive organizational behavior (POB) 169

positive organizational scholarship (POS) 169

positive psychology xxvi–xxvii, 3–13, 169; science of 4–6

power 9–10, 49, 51, 157; critical analysis of workplace humor 228, 229, 232–234, 238, 239; exclusionary workplace cultures 194, 195, 201–202

pragmatic insincerity 205–206

prejudice 158

pretense theory 208

PROCESS software 104

proposals for future action 179–187

psychological capital (PsyCap) xxx, 161, 170–171

psychological roles of humor 36–38

public mourning 36, 37–38

public protesting 36, 38

public relations perspective 43

punctual hyperdetermination 141–142

puns 182–185, 187

putdowns 64, 65, 71, 74, 78–79

PyCon technology conference 223

qualitative analysis of cartoons 120–126

quality 86, 93, 94

Quinn, B.A. 200, 222–223

racism 158, 220–224

rape 223

Raskin, V. 132, 133

reception of proposals 181–182

redundancy programs 168

referential humor 133

relief (arousal–safety) theory 31, 59, 60, 67–70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217

Remote Association Task (RAT) 210

resilience 170

resistance: level of resistance and roles of humor in CCSMs 36–38; to managerial directives 236–238, 238–239

resonant humor (sentimental humor) 67, 69, 76, 78–79, 82–83, 89, 90–91, 92–93, 135, 136

resonant wit (sentimental comedy) 83, 89, 90–91, 92–93, 135, 136

respect 86, 93, 94

p.246

responsibility 86, 93, 94

Restaurant Day 91

Richards, Adria 217, 223

Richards, Ann 223

ridicule 232

Riessman, C.K. 86, 88

Rodolfo cartoon 123

Rogers, M. 84

Rogerson-Revell, P. 49–50

Romero, E.J. 99, 219, 222

Roosevelt University 224

Rosenthal, S.B. 18, 23–24

Rousseau, J.-J. 21, 22

Routhly, C. 141

Roy, D.F. 161–162

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) 199

Russ, G. 194, 200

Ryanair 137–138, 138–139, 142

Sacco, J. 224

sales meeting 237

Sandel, M. 21, 22

Sanders, T. 218

Sanghani, R. 140

sarcasm xxxi, 205, 206, 207, 209–210

satire 83, 89, 91–92, 92–93, 135

satisfaction with co-workers 151

Sayers, J. 219

schadenfreude (malicious joy) 64, 66, 71, 75, 78–79

Schein, E.H. 195, 199

Scott, D.M. 112

Scott, H. 200

script opposition (SO) 133, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142

Seinfeld 223

self-defeating humor 8–9, 150–152, 163, 219–220

self-efficacy 170

self-enhancing humor 8–9, 150–152, 163

self-report questionnaires 6–7, 8–10

Seligman, M. xxvi, 4–5, 5–6, 7, 10–11

semantic script theory of humor (SSTH) 133

sense of humor 190, 193–194

sensorial aspects 123–124

sentimental comedy (resonant wit) 83, 89, 90–91, 92–93, 135, 136

sentimental humor (resonant humor) 67, 69, 76, 78–79, 82–83, 89, 90–91, 92–93, 135, 136

Setii, S.O. 24

sex workers 166, 218

sexism 156, 157, 220–224

sexual harassment xxxi, 191, 195–201, 208, 231–232

sexual innuendo 140

Seymour, B. 197–198, 201

Sharp advert 137

Sheet Energy Straps 138–139

Shocker, A.D. 24

signature strengths 6

Siltaoja, M.E. 23

Simon Fraser University xxxi, 191, 195–197

Singapore 140; Public-Sector Leadership and Management program 166

situation (SI) 133, 138, 139, 140, 141

situational irony 205

Skalski, P.D. 217–218

skills 216

small and medium enterprises (SMEs) xxviii, 81–98

Smith, J. 218

social adeptness 216

social bonds 192–193

social cohesion 33, 34–35, 44, 50

social currency theory 217

social hierarchies 194, 209

social lubricant, humor as 100

social movements 29–30; counter-corporate (CCSMs) xxvii, 29–41; humor and 32–33; movement-level strategic roles of humor 33–36

social order deviancy 70, 71, 77, 78–79

social sensitivity 216–217

soft skills 216

softball dads 192–193

Solomon, R. 24

Sony 139–140, 143

Sorensen, M.J. 32

Southwest Airlines 78, 164

Spaniard’s Bay Fire Department 191, 197–198, 201

Speck, P.S. 135

staff meetings 209

stakeholder theory 17

State, the 22–23, 25

stereotypes 224; gender-based 141–142

strategic roles of humor 33–36

street theater 42, 47–53

stress management 165–166

Stubbe, M. 195, 199

Suarez, L. 111, 112, 113

subjectivity in humor perception 200, 232

subversive humor 167–168

superiority (disparagement) theory 11, 31, 59, 60–66, 70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217

supervisor–subordinate relationships 151–152

surface acting 101, 102–103, 104–108

surprise 60–61, 63, 64, 65–66, 73–74, 78–79

Sutton, B. 217

‘Sweater Day’ video xxxi, 191, 195–197

Swift, J. 10

p.247

taboos 67, 68–69

Tacitus 228

target (TA) 133, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142

task persistence 152

TBWA 139

team building 218

teasing 9–10, 208, 219

tendentious jokes 7, 218

theories of humor 30–31, 60–70, 82–83, 132–134, 217–218; general theory of verbal humor (GTVH) 133–134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143; incongruity 31, 59, 60–61, 62–63, 120–121, 123–126, 217; incongruity-resolution 82, 83, 123–126, 133, 135–136; relief/arousal–safety 31, 59, 60, 67–70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217; superiority/disparagement 11, 31, 59, 60–66, 70, 71, 82, 83, 135–136, 217

Thompson, D. 216

tickle adverts 135–143

time pressure xxviii, 99–110

timing 112–113

Tocqueville, A. de xxvii, 14, 21–22

Toxic Office Clean Up 47–50

toxic workplace humor xxxi, 217, 222–224

Trump, D. 5, 217

Tsakona, V. 134

TV adverts recast on YouTube xxviii, 59–80

Twitter 211

types of humor: content marketing xxviii, 59–80; origins of 82–83; SMEs’ ethical branding 86–96

tyranny 15–16

University of Pennsylvania Positive Psychology Center 6

unlaughter 229

unmotivated looking 179

unruliness 67, 68, 75–76, 78–79

uranium 46

Urban Outfitters 113

Urde, M. 82, 84, 85

values 84–85; ethical 86; SMEs and ethical branding 89–94, 94–95

vampire effect 135

Van Leeuwen, T. 122

Varol, O. 32, 34, 35

Varusteleka 81, 87–95

Veet 111

verbal humor 133, 137–139; and visual humor 139–142

verbal irony xxxi, 204–215; benefits and drawbacks 212; varieties of 205–207

‘Vertumno’ (Arcimboldo) 118

VIA scale (values-in-action) scale 6, 10

Vice Magazine 198

visual aberrations 61, 62–63

visual humor 139–142

visual irony 72

weight judging paradigm 120–121

well-being 151

Wendy’s 74

‘We’re Dads, Huggies. Not Dummies’ petition 141

West Australian anti-nuclear movement (WA ANM) 45–53

Wicks, A.C. 17

‘Wifebeater shirt’ 87

Williams, C. 223

Wolfe, L. 222

Wolinski, G. 29

Wood, D.J. 18

WorkJoke 219

workplace 204; critical analysis of workplace humor xxxi–xxxii, 228–240; effects of humor in xxxi, 216–227; humor styles in xxix–xxx, 149–160; negative humor 149–150, 167–168, 220–222; outcomes from the use of humor 164–165; toxic workplace humor xxxi, 217, 222–224; value of positive humor xxx, 161–176; verbal irony in 209–212

workplace culture 167; exclusionary xxx–xxxi, 190–203

workshops on business models 179–187

Young, C. 200–201

Youssef, C. 170

YouTube recasts of TV adverts xxviii, 59–80

Zapata, G. 217

zombies walk 35