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by Richard Lawson
Web Scraping with Python
Web Scraping with Python
Table of Contents
Web Scraping with Python
Credits
About the Author
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
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Free access for Packt account holders
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Introduction to Web Scraping
When is web scraping useful?
Is web scraping legal?
Background research
Checking robots.txt
Examining the Sitemap
Estimating the size of a website
Identifying the technology used by a website
Finding the owner of a website
Crawling your first website
Downloading a web page
Retrying downloads
Setting a user agent
Sitemap crawler
ID iteration crawler
Link crawler
Advanced features
Parsing robots.txt
Supporting proxies
Throttling downloads
Avoiding spider traps
Final version
Summary
2. Scraping the Data
Analyzing a web page
Three approaches to scrape a web page
Regular expressions
Beautiful Soup
Lxml
CSS selectors
Comparing performance
Scraping results
Overview
Adding a scrape callback to the link crawler
Summary
3. Caching Downloads
Adding cache support to the link crawler
Disk cache
Implementation
Testing the cache
Saving disk space
Expiring stale data
Drawbacks
Database cache
What is NoSQL?
Installing MongoDB
Overview of MongoDB
MongoDB cache implementation
Compression
Testing the cache
Summary
4. Concurrent Downloading
One million web pages
Parsing the Alexa list
Sequential crawler
Threaded crawler
How threads and processes work
Implementation
Cross-process crawler
Performance
Summary
5. Dynamic Content
An example dynamic web page
Reverse engineering a dynamic web page
Edge cases
Rendering a dynamic web page
PyQt or PySide
Executing JavaScript
Website interaction with WebKit
Waiting for results
The Render class
Selenium
Summary
6. Interacting with Forms
The Login form
Loading cookies from the web browser
Extending the login script to update content
Automating forms with the Mechanize module
Summary
7. Solving CAPTCHA
Registering an account
Loading the CAPTCHA image
Optical Character Recognition
Further improvements
Solving complex CAPTCHAs
Using a CAPTCHA solving service
Getting started with 9kw
9kw CAPTCHA API
Integrating with registration
Summary
8. Scrapy
Installation
Starting a project
Defining a model
Creating a spider
Tuning settings
Testing the spider
Scraping with the shell command
Checking results
Interrupting and resuming a crawl
Visual scraping with Portia
Installation
Annotation
Tuning a spider
Checking results
Automated scraping with Scrapely
Summary
9. Overview
Google search engine
Facebook
The website
The API
Gap
BMW
Summary
Index
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Prev
Previous Chapter
Summary
Index
A
absolute link
about /
Link crawler
account
registering /
Registering an account
URL, for registration /
Registering an account
CAPTCHA image, loading /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
advanced features, link crawler
robots.txt file, parsing /
Parsing robots.txt
proxies, supporting /
Supporting proxies
downloads, throttling /
Throttling downloads
spider traps, avoiding /
Avoiding spider traps
maximum depth, setting /
Final version
advanced search
URL /
Estimating the size of a website
Alexa
URL /
One million web pages
Alexa list
URL /
One million web pages
parsing /
Parsing the Alexa list
annotation, Portia
about /
Annotation
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
about /
An example dynamic web page
automated scraping
with Scrapely /
Automated scraping with Scrapely
B
Beautiful Soup
about /
Beautiful Soup
overview /
Beautiful Soup
common methods /
Beautiful Soup
URL /
Beautiful Soup
Blink
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
BMW
about /
BMW
URL /
BMW
using /
BMW
reference link /
BMW
builtwith
URL /
Estimating the size of a website
C
2Captcha
URL /
Using a CAPTCHA solving service
cache
implementing, in MongoDB /
MongoDB cache implementation
compression, adding /
Compression
testing, in MongoDB /
Testing the cache
URL, for testing /
Testing the cache
cache support
adding, to link crawler /
Adding cache support to the link crawler
CAPTCHA API
about /
9kw CAPTCHA API
implementation /
9kw CAPTCHA API
example /
9kw CAPTCHA API
Captcha API
integrating, with registration form /
Integrating with registration
CaptchaAPI class
reference link /
9kw CAPTCHA API
CAPTCHA image
loading /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
CAPTCHA solving service
using /
Using a CAPTCHA solving service
complex CAPTCHA
solving /
Solving complex CAPTCHAs
cookies
about /
The Login form
loading, from browser /
Loading cookies from the web browser
crawl
interrupting /
Interrupting and resuming a crawl
resuming /
Interrupting and resuming a crawl
crawl command
about /
Installation
crawling
about /
Crawling your first website
web page, downloading /
Downloading a web page
sitemap crawler /
Sitemap crawler
ID iteration crawler /
ID iteration crawler
link crawler /
Link crawler
cross-process crawler
about /
Cross-process crawler
CSS selectors
about /
Sitemap crawler
,
CSS selectors
references /
CSS selectors
D
Death by Captcha
URL /
Using a CAPTCHA solving service
disk cache
about /
Disk cache
implementation /
Implementation
testing /
Testing the cache
URL, for source code /
Testing the cache
drawbacks /
Drawbacks
MongoDB /
Database cache
NoSQL /
What is NoSQL?
disk space
saving /
Saving disk space
stale data, expiring /
Expiring stale data
Downloader class
URL, for source code /
Adding cache support to the link crawler
dynamic web page
example /
An example dynamic web page
reference link, for example /
An example dynamic web page
reverse engineering /
Reverse engineering a dynamic web page
rendering /
Rendering a dynamic web page
rendering, with PyQt /
PyQt or PySide
rendering, with PySide /
PyQt or PySide
JavaScript, executing /
Executing JavaScript
website interaction, with WebKit /
Website interaction with WebKit
rendering, with Selenium /
Selenium
E
edge cases
about /
Edge cases
example web scraping website
URL /
Executing JavaScript
F
Facebook
about /
Facebook
website /
The website
API /
The API
Firebug Lite
URL /
Analyzing a web page
form encodings
about /
The Login form
reference link /
The Login form
G
Gap
using /
Gap
URL /
Gap
Gecko
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
genspider command
about /
Installation
Google
URL /
Google search engine
Google search engine
about /
Google search engine
homepage /
Google search engine
test search, performing /
Google search engine
Google Translate
about /
BMW
URL /
BMW
Google Web Toolkit (GWT)
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
Graph API
about /
The API
example /
The API
URL /
The API
H
HTTP requests
reference link /
Supporting proxies
I
ID iteration crawler
about /
ID iteration crawler
Internet Engineering Task Force
URL /
Retrying downloads
items.py file
about /
Starting a project
J
JavaScript
executing /
Executing JavaScript
JSONP format
about /
BMW
K
9kw
using /
Getting started with 9kw
URL /
Getting started with 9kw
9kw API
URL /
9kw CAPTCHA API
L
link crawler
about /
Link crawler
advanced features, adding /
Advanced features
scrape callback, adding /
Adding a scrape callback to the link crawler
URL /
Adding a scrape callback to the link crawler
cache support, adding /
Adding cache support to the link crawler
Link Extractors
reference link /
Testing the spider
Login form
about /
The Login form
URL /
The Login form
automating /
The Login form
examples, reference link /
The Login form
cookies, loading from browser /
Loading cookies from the web browser
content, updating /
Extending the login script to update content
automating, with Mechanize module /
Automating forms with the Mechanize module
Lxml
about /
Lxml
URL /
Lxml
CSS selectors /
CSS selectors
M
Mechanize module
Login form, automating /
Automating forms with the Mechanize module
URL /
Automating forms with the Mechanize module
model, Scrapy
defining /
Defining a model
URL /
Defining a model
MongoDB
about /
Database cache
installing /
Installing MongoDB
URL /
Installing MongoDB
overview /
Overview of MongoDB
URL, for documentation /
Overview of MongoDB
cache, implementing /
MongoDB cache implementation
compression, adding to cache /
Compression
cache, testing /
Testing the cache
N
no country redirect (ncr)
URL /
Google search engine
about /
Google search engine
NoSQL
about /
What is NoSQL?
O
OCR
about /
Optical Character Recognition
example /
Optical Character Recognition
performance, improving /
Further improvements
complex CAPTCHA, solving /
Solving complex CAPTCHAs
CAPTCHA solving service, using /
Using a CAPTCHA solving service
9kw, using /
Getting started with 9kw
CAPTCHA API /
9kw CAPTCHA API
one million web pages
downloading /
One million web pages
Alexa list, parsing /
Parsing the Alexa list
owner, website
searching /
Crawling your first website
P
padding
about /
BMW
Pillow library
using /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
URL /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
versus Python Image Library (PIL) /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
pip command
about /
Installation
Portia
used, for visual scraping /
Visual scraping with Portia
about /
Installation
URL /
Installation
installing /
Installation
URL, for downloading /
Installation
annotation /
Annotation
spider, tuning /
Tuning a spider
results, checking /
Checking results
automated scraping, with Scrapely /
Automated scraping with Scrapely
Presto
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
process_link_crawler
URL /
Cross-process crawler
PyQt
about /
PyQt or PySide
URL /
PyQt or PySide
PySide
about /
PyQt or PySide
URL /
PyQt or PySide
Python Image Library (PIL)
versus Pillow library /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
about /
Loading the CAPTCHA image
Q
Qt 4.8
URL /
Executing JavaScript
R
regular expressions
about /
Regular expressions
URL /
Regular expressions
relative link
about /
Link crawler
Render class
reference link /
The Render class
reverse engineering
dynamic web page /
Reverse engineering a dynamic web page
about /
Reverse engineering a dynamic web page
edge cases /
Edge cases
robots.txt file
checking /
Checking robots.txt
URL /
Checking robots.txt
S
scrape callback
adding, to link crawler /
Adding a scrape callback to the link crawler
Scrapely
URL /
Automated scraping with Scrapely
used, for automated scraping /
Automated scraping with Scrapely
scraping approaches
regular expressions /
Regular expressions
Beautiful Soup /
Beautiful Soup
Lxml /
Lxml
comparing /
Comparing performance
results, testing /
Scraping results
advantages /
Overview
disadvantages /
Overview
Scrapy
installing /
Installation
URL, for installation /
Installation
URL, for commands /
Installation
URL /
Interrupting and resuming a crawl
scrapy command
about /
Installation
Scrapy project
starting /
Starting a project
model, defining /
Defining a model
spider, creating /
Creating a spider
Selenium
about /
Selenium
URL /
Selenium
sequential crawler
about /
Sequential crawler
URL /
Sequential crawler
settings.py file
about /
Starting a project
shell command
about /
Installation
using /
Scraping with the shell command
sitemap crawler
about /
Sitemap crawler
Sitemap file
examining /
Examining the Sitemap
reference link /
Examining the Sitemap
special class methods, Python
URL /
Adding cache support to the link crawler
spider
creating /
Creating a spider
about /
Creating a spider
reference link /
Creating a spider
settings, tuning /
Tuning settings
URL, for settings /
Tuning settings
testing /
Testing the spider
scraping, with shell command /
Scraping with the shell command
results, checking /
Checking results
tuning /
Tuning a spider
spider trap
about /
Avoiding spider traps
avoiding /
Avoiding spider traps
startproject command
about /
Installation
T
technology
identifying /
Estimating the size of a website
Tesseract OCR engine
about /
Optical Character Recognition
URL /
Optical Character Recognition
threaded crawler
about /
Threaded crawler
process /
Threaded crawler
,
How threads and processes work
implementation /
Implementation
URL /
Implementation
cross-process crawler /
Cross-process crawler
performance /
Performance
thresholding
about /
Optical Character Recognition
Trident
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
V
virtualenv
about /
Installation
URL /
Installation
visual scraping
with Portia /
Visual scraping with Portia
W
WebKit
about /
Rendering a dynamic web page
website interaction /
Website interaction with WebKit
search results, scraping /
Waiting for results
Render class, using /
The Render class
web page
downloading, for crawling /
Downloading a web page
downloads, retrying /
Retrying downloads
user agent, setting /
Setting a user agent
analyzing /
Analyzing a web page
web scraping
usage /
When is web scraping useful?
legality /
Is web scraping legal?
referenced, for legal cases /
Is web scraping legal?
website
background research /
Background research
robots.txt file, checking /
Checking robots.txt
Sitemap file, examining /
Examining the Sitemap
size, estimating /
Estimating the size of a website
technology, identifying /
Estimating the size of a website
owner, searching /
Crawling your first website
Whois
URL /
Crawling your first website
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