Index

A

  • AC power,
  • Adhesive bonding, 219, 264, 269–272
  • Air distribution system, 312
  • Air filters, 310–311
  • Algorithms for optimization models, 369, 376
    • exact algorithms, 376–377
    • heuristic algorithms, 376–377
  • Alternative operation, 352
  • Aluminum,
    • alloying, 37
    • history, 37–38
    • in commerce, 38–41
    • processing, 41–45
  • AMR Research, 385
  • Assembly equipment, 278
  • Assembly Systems, 262–264
    • automation, 264
    • energy efficiency, 276278
    • in the large, 263
    • in the small, 263
    • input energy, 276
    • metrics, 275–279
    • output energy, 276
  • Auxiliary industrial equipment,
  • Auxiliary systems, 428, 429
  • Auxilliary equipment, 278

B

C

  • Carbon emissions, 2, 3, 440, 441
  • Chemical approach, 179, 180
  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 183–184
  • Chloride process, 51
  • CNC machine tools, 242–243
  • Coating operation,
  • Cold working, 177–178
  • Combustion spraying, 181–182
  • Compressed air, 315–316
  • Compressed air leakage, 318
  • Cooling and flushing strategies, 29–30
  • Cooling load temperature difference (CLTD), 312
  • Cooperative Effort on Process Emissions in Manufacturing (CO2PE!), 13–15
  • Cost, 239–240, 248–250, 252, 256
  • Cradle-to-gate (CTG), 441

D

E

  • Economic development, 422
  • Electric arc furnace (EAF), 34, 36
  • Electric motors, 317
  • Electrical,
  • Electrical discharge machining (EDM), 160–161
  • Electrical spraying, 183
  • Electricity, 281, 283
  • Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), 163–164
  • Electrochemical grinding (ECG), 164–165
  • Electrochemical machining (ECM), 161–163
  • Electrolysis, 44–45, 52
  • Energy
  • Energy accounting, 20–21
  • Energy analysis, 127–128
  • Energy assessments,
  • Energy consumption, 16–18, 123–125, 300–303
    • drilling operation, 148–150
    • grinding operation, 150–152
    • milling operation, 145–148
    • operation conditions, 19–20
    • plant level and workstation level, 134–137
    • turning operation, 137–145
  • Energy efficiency, 165–167, 401–409, 411, 413–419
  • Energy efficient process planning, carbon emission model, 350
    • energy consumption model, 350
  • Energy flow, 135–136
  • Energy management, 323–324
    • continual improvement, 333–334
    • description and benefits, 324–326
    • energy team, 330
    • intensity benchmark, 328–329
    • long-term energy management plan, 330–333
    • metering and monitoring, 334–337
    • strong commitment, 327
  • Energy measurement, 26, 27
  • Energy metering and monitoring, 334–337
  • Energy reduction,
    • cooling and flushing strategies, 29–30
    • hybrid process, 29
    • remanufacturing, 30
    • shortening process chain, 28
    • substitutions of process steps, 28–30
  • Energy service companies, ESCO, 413, 415, 416, 419
  • Energy Star Program, 302
  • Energy-efficient factories, 221
  • Energy-efficient flow shop problem, 367–375
  • Environmental protection, 422
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 337

F

  • Feature, 351–352
  • Feasible solutions, 434
  • Fiduciary duty, 424
  • Finite element modeling (FEM), 144
  • Fluorescent lamps, 304
  • Flux, 224
  • Forecasting, 390–391
  • Forging, 21–22
  • Fossil fuels, 421, 430, 440
  • Fuel powered engines and turbines, 317

G

  • Gantt chart, 362–363
  • General Electric Aviation, 383
  • Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique, 141
  • Global Supply Chain Forum, Ohio State, 385–396
  • Goodyear, 383
  • Graybar, 389
  • Green manufacturing strategies, 240, 247
  • Greenhouse gas emissions, 2, 3
  • Grinding, 24
  • Grinding operation, 150–152

H

  • Hall-Heroult process, 38, 41, 44–45
  • Hard facing, 179, 181–183
  • Heat recovery, 319
  • Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC), 307–308
  • Heavy duty truck assembly, 280
  • High efficiency motors, 318
  • High intensity discharge (HID) lamps, 304
  • High-velocity oxyfuel-gas spraying (HVOF), 182
  • Hunter process, 48, 50–52
  • Hybrid manufacturing process, 29
  • Hydraulic, 281, 283

I

  • IKEA, 389
  • Imports, 424
  • Incremental forming,
    • accumulative DSIF, 80–84
    • Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF), 77
    • DSIF out-to-in toolpath, 79
    • electrically assisted DSIF, 93
    • energy reduction, 72–75
    • formability and deformation mechanics, 85–92
    • future challenges, 95, 96
    • motivation, 66–72
    • Multipass DSIF, 84
    • polymers, 93, 94
    • working principle, 66
  • Indirect energy, 265, 267, 283
  • Induction hardening, 177
  • Industrial revolution, 170–172
  • Injection molding, 54–56
  • Integer linear program, 369, 376
  • International Energy Agency (IEA), 422
  • Inventory management, 382–383, 390–393
  • Ion exchange, 163
  • Ion plating, 185
  • Iron ore, 36
  • ISO 50001, 336, 416, 419, 424

J

K

L

M

  • Machine environment, 360–361
    • flow shop, 361
    • identical parallel machine environment, 361
    • job shop, 361
    • single machine environment, 360–361
  • Manufacturing enterprise, 7, 8
  • Manufacturing processes, 5–7
  • Manufacturing systems, 7, 8
  • Manufacturing value added, 422
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 385
  • Material removal process, 123–125
    • energy analysis, 127–128
    • energy consumption, 123–125
    • plant and workstation level, 126–129
  • Material removal rate, 244–245, 249
  • Material removal rate (MRR), 25–26, 133–134, 152
  • Measuring devices, 206
  • Mechanical assembly, 268–269, 273
  • Metal filament lamps, 304
  • Micro manufacturing, 192–194
  • Microstructural modification,
    • cold working, 177–178
    • induction hardening, 177
    • shot peening and roller burnishing, 175–177
  • Milling operation, 145–148
  • Minerals,
  • Minimum quantity lubrication, 251
  • Minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL), 152
  • Miscellaneous coating operation,
  • Multi-criteria decisions, 434

N

  • Natural Gas, 281, 283
  • Network dissolution, 164
  • Network hydrolysis, 164
  • Nike, 392
  • Non-dominated feasible solutions, 434
  • Nontraditional removal process,

O

  • Offshore manufacturing, 384–385
  • Open hearth furnace (OHF), 34–35
  • Operation condition, 19–20
  • Operation level, 129–134, 137
  • Operation list, 348
  • Operations research, 360
  • Optimization model, 368
    • constraints, 369
    • feasible solution, 369
    • objective function, 369
    • optimal solution, 369
    • optimal value, 369
    • variables, 369
  • Orthogonal cutting, 22–24

P

R

  • Radiant heaters, 314
  • Reciprocating air compressor, 316
  • Recycling, 395
    • aluminum recycling, 38
    • titanium recycling,
  • Red mud, 43
  • Relocate compressor air intake, 319–320
  • Remanufacturing, 30, 437, 438
  • Resource depletion, 424
  • Return of investment, 407
  • Return on investment, 424, 439
  • Reverse logistics, 395
  • Rotary air compressor, 316–317
  • Routing sheet, 347

S

  • Sankey diagram, 431
  • Schedule, 360
    • feasible schedule, 360, 362
    • infeasible schedule, 363
  • Scheduling objective function, 360, 364–367
    • carbon footprint, 366
    • makespan, 364
    • number of late jobs, 365
    • peak power demand, 366
    • total completion time, 364
    • total energy consumption, 366
  • Scope 1, 2, and 3 (energy consumption and generation), 432
  • Shortening process chain, 28
  • Shot peening and roller burnishing, 175–177
  • Six Sigma, 388
  • Solar lighting, 304
  • Soldering, 272–274
  • Solid state lighting, 304
  • Specific energy consumption (SEC), 133–134
  • Specific energy requirement, 171–172
  • Specific energy vs. MRR, 25–26
  • Sputtering, 184–185
  • Steam driven engines and turbines, 317
  • Steel, 34–36
  • Steelmaking, 35
  • Substitutions of process steps, 28–29
  • Sulfate process, 50–51
  • Supply chain management, 381–396
  • Supply chain management components, 394–396
  • Supply chain network, 382–385
  • Supply chain processes, 385–395
  • Supply chain relationships, 386, 387–389
  • Supply chain structure, 382–385
    • horizontal dimension, 383–384
    • horizontal position, 383
    • tier structure, 383
    • vertical dimension, 383
  • Surface geometry modification, 174–175
  • Surface microtexturing,
    • friction reduction, 99–101
    • future work, 116
    • laser ablation, 101–104
    • Laser Induced Plasma MicroMachining (LIPMM), 104–108
    • microrolling, 109–116
  • Surface treatment techniques, 173–174
    • chemical approach, 179, 180
    • microstructural modification, 175–179
    • surface geometry, 174–175
  • Sustainability indicators, 201–202
  • Sustainable manufacturing, 198
  • Sustainable value added, 387
  • Sustainable value stream mapping (Sus-VSM), 392
  • System efficiency, 431

T

  • Technology wedges, 4, 5
  • Temperature setting, 311–312
  • Thermal energy storage systems, 314–315
  • Thermal metal-powder spraying, 181, 182
  • Thermal spraying, 179, 181–183
  • Thermal wire spraying, 181, 182
  • Titanium,
  • Torch brazing, 216
  • Total specific energy (TSE), 142, 144
  • Transportation, 382, 384–385
  • Tribology, 189–190
  • Triple bottom line, 387
  • Turning operation, 137–145
  • Twin-wire arc, 183

U

  • U.S. Department of Energy,
    • Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), 423
    • Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), 423
  • Unit manufacturing process,
    • energy accounting, 20–21
    • energy consumption, 16–18
    • energy measurement, 26, 27
    • LCI of, 13–15
    • processing energy,
  • UPS, 390
  • US EPA, 388
  • Use stage, 442
  • Useful work, 425, 428, 430
  • Utility, 434, 437, 439

V

  • Vacuum deposition/arc evaporation, 184
  • Value creation, 382, 387–389
  • Value stream mapping (VSM), 392
  • Vapor deposition,
  • Variable speed drives (VSD), 320–321

W

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