CONTENTS
Levels of Analysis and Understanding
Combining a Global and Comparative Perspective
Combining the Studies of Administration and Politics
Audience for and Structure of This Book
Concluding Remarks: “Flying” and Comparing across the Globe
Types of Governing Associations
All Government and Governance Started Local
The Emergence of Territorial States as Upper-Local Polities
A Global Model of Government Development
The Development of Thinking about Government: From Political Theory to Public Administration
Comparing Government Models: Concluding Remarks
Territorialization of the World
Subnational Jurisdictions: Historical Trends
Subnational Jurisdictions: The Contemporary Situation
Bureaucracy as Organizational Structure: The Bureaucratization of the World
Concluding Remarks: Boundaries Creating Polities
4 State Making, Nation Building, and Citizenship
State Making: Models and Explanations
The Separation of Organized Religion and the State: A Recent Phenomenon?
Nation Building: From Subjects to Citizens
Citizenship as Layered Phenomenon
A Future for State, Nation, and Citizenship?
5 Political-Administrative Systems and Multilevel Government
Basic Distinctions of Political Systems
Five Types of Political Systems in Relation to Political Party System
Typologies of Democratic Systems
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems
Party-Political and Bureaucratic-Prominent Systems
The Three Branches of Government and Core Features of Democratic Political Systems
The Structure of Government Departments
Multilevel and Multiactor Government and Governance
6 Bureaucratic Organization and Culture
Defining Bureaucracy: The Influence of Max Weber and His Fears
Bureaucracy in the Evolution of Human Communities: The Origin of the Stereotype?
Perceptions of Public Individuals
Sucking Water from Straws or Opening the Tap in the Kitchen
The Public Management Revolution: Comparative Views
The Implementation of NPM in Western Democracies
The United States: Measuring Performance
Britain: Who Comes First, the Public or the Nation?
The European Continent: Cultural Gaps beyond a Few Generic Similarities
Australia: The Administrative Responsibility Approach
Canada: Collaboration in Research and the Shaping of Public Policy
New Zealand: The Reshaping of Welfare Policy
Israel: Decentralization and Privatization
The Implementation of NPM in Other World Regions
Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Other Countries
The “Dinosaur Syndrome” and the Comparative Movement: A Midrange Comment
The Organization and Management of Global Policy and Public Administration
8 Bureaucracy as Personnel System and Political-Administrative Relations
The Importance of the Personnel Function for Responsive Government
Defining Bureaucracy as Personnel System: Max Weber's Juridical Perspective
Categories of Public Servants in a Sociological Perspective
Variation in the Size of the Civil Service
Political-Administrative Relations: Intertwinement, Politicization, and Consultation
Development of the Personnel Function in Developed Countries
The Organizational Level: Personnel Management Focused on the Organization
The Individual Level: The Employee as a Person with Rights, Needs, and Feelings
The Societal Environment: Public Pressure for Change
PART TWO MANAGING POLICIES: CONTINUITY, CHANGE, AND DIVERSITY
9 Traditional Government Activities I: National Defense, Police, Law and Order
Atrocities of Man and Nature: National Defense and Emergency Management
France: Europeanization, Professionalization, and the End of Conscription
Israel: Militarized Society or Civilianized Military?
United States: Resting on Its Laurels—FEMA's Vicissitudes from Ignominy to Luster and Vice Versa
Internal Security: Enforcing Law and Order
Colombia: A Quagmire of Guerillas, Drug Cartels, and Paramilitaries—Demilitarization Bogging Down
South Africa: Post-Apartheid Community Policing—Transmuting the Police Force to a Police Service
Britain: Integrating Offender Management—Performance, Contestability, and Amalgamation
The Judiciary System: One State under the Rule of Law
The UN Security Council: Reforming a Perplexed Peacekeeper
Germany: A Nonimmigration Nation, Rife with Immigrants—Article 16 of the Basic Law in the Limelight
Comparing Defense, Police, and Judiciary across Nations
10 Traditional Government Activities II: Economy, Finance, and Taxation Systems
Romania: Restructuring Agriculture in a Transition Economy
Greece: Footing the Bill for Laxity during the Ostensive Boom Years
Iran: The Paradox of Plenty—Replete with Hydrocarbon Reserves and Yet in a Pickle
Tax Reforms: Taking for Giving
Denmark: Searching for the Magic Bullet to Reduce Income Tax Pressures and Labor Costs
Belgium: Spurring Unemployed and Low Earners into Labor
Estonia: Going Flat—An Avant Garde That Has Become a Common Practice
Comparing Economy, Finance, and Taxation Systems across Nations
11 Social-Economic Services: Energy Management, Planning and Zoning, Industry and Trade
Russia: The Kremlin's Bear Hug
Germany: Renewable Energy Sources Come to the Throne
California: A Calamity Precipitated by Deregulation
India: A Public Leopard with Private Spots
Zimbabwe: Land Reform in a Ruptured Ex-Colony
New Zealand's Resource Management Act: A Spearhead of Sustainable Development
Brazil: Frontiers, Landlords, Squatters, and a Vacillating Government
Laos: The Desperate Ecocide of the Poor
Morocco: Liberalization of Trade and Tariff Reforms
The Czech Republic: Cars, Motors, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Canada: Trade Agreements with the Northern Empire
Mexico: The Poor Cousin of NAFTA's Triad
Comparing Energy Management, Planning and Zoning, and Industry and Trade across Nations
12 Welfare Services and Policies: Health Care, Education, and Social Services
Singapore: The “3Ms” triad—Medisave, Medishield, and Medifund
The Netherlands: Dutch-Managed Competition—Getting the Full Monty
Argentina: Promoting a Health Care System under a Sick Economy
Australia: A Public-Private Seesaw
Wisconsin: Vouchering Together—Unlikely Allies in Milwaukee
France: Contractualization au Courant—Le Central Unleashes Higher Education
Britain: New Right, New ERA, Old Cleavages
Chile: Social Security Gone Outright Private
Japan: A Double-Edged Sword—Super-Aged, Poorly Funded
Poland: Farewell Redistribution, Hello Funded Defined Contribution
Sweden: Transforming Corporatism and Remodeling Labor Market Policies
Comparing Health Care, Education, and Social Services across Nations
13 A Vision for Comparative Theory and Practice: Horizons of the Comparative Voyage
Comparison in Motion: Divergence and Convergence across Time and States
The Comparative Approach in Service of Interconnectedness, Emulation, and Policy Transfer
Comparative Public Administration and Governance: Between Transfer and Diffusion
Horizons for Comparative Public Administration and Governance
Appendix One Structural Similarities—Cultural Differences:
The Need for and Development of Comparative Government Studies
The Function of Comparison in Society and in the Social Sciences
The Importance of Comparison in the Study of Public Administration
Geographical Fragmentation of Comparative Research and Understanding
Substantive Fragmentation of Comparative Research and Understanding
Methodological and Epistemological Fragmentation of Comparative Research and Understanding
The Development of Comparative Public Administration
Appendix Two Motives, Types and Theories, Methods for, and Challenges of Comparative Perspectives
Theories, Methods, and Types of Comparison
Approaches to and Theories in Comparative Public Administration and Governance
Three Basic Methods of Comparison
Challenges of Comparative Research
Conceptual, Linguistic, and Semantic Problems