Index
* (asterisk), unsaved change indicator, 171
2D cursor, UV/Image Editor, 149, 150
3D cursor
depth option, 25
posing characters without skeletons, 123
3D models, unwrapping into 2D. See Unwrapping.
3D objects, compositing with real footage. See Camera tracking.
3D scenes, converting to 2D. See Rendering.
description, 12
illustration, 13
3D View, navigating
hiding/showing selections, 18
perspective/orthographic views, switching, 18
recommended prerequisites, 17
walking around a scene, 18
3D View, navigation controls
Camera View, 18
Global View/Local View, 18
Orbit, 17
Pan, 17
Perspective/Orthographic Switch, 18
Predefined Views, 17
View Selected, 17
Walk Mode, 18
Zoom, 17
3D View, screen elements
Camera, 14
Drawing Method selector, 14, 16
Global/Local Layers Constraint button, 14, 17
Operator panel, 14
Tabs, 14
Transform Manipulators, 14, 16
A
Action Editor, 248
Add menu, Node Editor, 280
Add Shader, 200
Add-ons, managing, 20
Addons tab, 25
Aligning
3D Cursor, 25
active quads, 153
objects to the surface, 25
reference images, 102
Animated films, project stages, 54–55
Animating a walk cycle
computer requirements, 251
repeating the animation, 254–255
Animating characters. See also Character creation; Modeling; Rigging characters.
character creation, 56
Animation curves
displaying, 22
Action Editor, 248
common controls and tips, 250–251
NLA (Non-Linear Animation) Editor, 250
Animations
editing, 22
exporting an image sequence, 290
saving as video, 290
timing, 22
Anisotropic BSDF shader, 199
Anisotropic shine, 199
Appearance, character creation, 59–60
Areas, 19
Armature modifier, 230
creating, 211
definition, 209
Edit Mode, 213
Object Mode, 213
Pose Mode, 213
Arms
modeling. See Modeling torso and arms.
Asterisk (*), unsaved change indicator, 171
Auto Save Temporary Files, 27
Average Islands, 165
B
Backdrop, 281
Backing up data
automatically, 27
saving different versions of a file, 47
Badges, modeling, 142
Baseball cap, modeling, 133–136
Bevel tool, 79
Bevels, 79
Big Buck Bunny, 6
.blend files, 47
Blender
commercial use of, 5
official Web site, 11
Blender Foundation
creator of, 6
head of, 7
Blender Institute
creator of, 6
scene setup, 282
separating objects from their shadows, 282–284
Blender Render, description, 41–42
Blender Render, materials
base color, setting, 185
comparing two materials, 184
Diffuse panel, 185
gradients, 185
listing currently applied materials, 184
Mirror panel, 186
Options panel, 186
Preview panel, 185
previewing materials, 185
renaming materials, 185
rendering particles, 186
rubber effects, 186
saving, 186
Shading panel, 185
Shadow panel, 186
shadows, 186
shine: color, intensity, and hardness, 185
skin effects, 186
Specular panel, 185
Strand panel, 186
Subsurface Scattering panel, 186
transparency, 185
Transparency panel, 185
Blender Render, shading
adding basic materials, 190–191
adding multiple materials, 191–193
textures, controlling material properties, 194–195
Blender Render, textures
colors, changing, 188
Colors panel, 188
creating textures, 188
cropping images, 188
Current Texture panel, 188
Image Mapping panel, 188
Image panel, 188
Image Sampling panel, 188
Influence panel, 189
influencing channels, 189
layers, 188
listing the current selection, 187
loading textures, 188
mapping images onto objects, 188
Mapping panel, 188
offsetting images, 188
Preview panel, 188
previewing, 188
repeating images, 188
resizing images, 188
sampling images, 188
Texture tab, 187
Textures list panel, 188
Blender Units, 15
Blender User Preferences. See also User Preferences window.
3D cursor depth option, 25
accessing, 26
Addons tab, 25
aligning objects to the surface, 25
editing, options for, 25
Editing tab, 26
extensions, managing, 26
file paths, defining, 26
File tab, 27
Input tab, 26
Interface tab, 26
keyboard shortcuts, editing, 27
linking to external software, 27
performance options, 27
saving files, 27
System tab, 27
Themes tab, 27
user interface color schemes, creating, 27
user interface settings, 26
Blur brush, 232
Bone Constraints, 214
Bones, rigging
adding constraints, 213, 214–215
chaining, 212
control bones, 209
controlling orientation of, 212–213
defining a hierarchy of, 212
definition, 209
deform bones, 209
deformer bones, selecting, 229–230
deleting, 213
dividing, 213
duplicating, 212
editing, 213
hiding/unhiding, 213
merging, 213
mirroring changes, 212
moving, 232
naming, 212
posing, 213
rotating, 232
scaling, 232
selecting, 212
switching direction, 213
Box modeling, 99
Box selection, 23
Branches of Blender, 8
Bridge tool, 94
Brushes, 168–169. See also Editors; Tools.
Bump channel, 181
C
Camera
moving in scenes, 45
moving parallel to the view. See Panning.
rotating around the scene. See Orbiting.
zooming and centering, 17
zooming in and out, 17
Camera, in 3D View, 14
Camera motion, solving, 268–269
camera settings, 268
character creation, 56
fast movement, 263
memory requirements, 265
Movie Clip Editor, 263
parallax, 262
pattern area, 265
pattern orientation, 266
perspective detection, 262
perspective shift, 262
solving camera motion, 268–269
static features, 263
tracked frames, 266
trackers. See Camera tracking, markers.
zooming, 263
Camera View, 18
Chaining bones, 212
Chamfers, 79
Character creation. See also Animating characters; Modeling; Rigging characters.
animating, 56
camera tracking, 56
character reference images, 68–69
color, 66
compositing, 56
lighting, 56
modeling, 55
personality, 58
postproduction, 56
preproduction, 55
rendering, 56
rigging, 56
shading, 55
style, 59
texturing, 55
unwrapping, 55
video recording, 56
Character creation, design
final design, 66
head design, 63
in preproduction, 55
refining the design, 65
Character reference images, 68–69
Circle tool, 94
Cloth, simulating, 294
Color
base, setting, 185
character creation, 66
filling images with, 169
main, setting, 43
surface, 181
textures, changing, 188
Color coding bones, grouping, 225–226
Colored surfaces, shading, 199
Colors panel, 188
Combining shaders, 200
Communicator, modeling, 141
Comparing two materials, 184
Compositing
character creation, 56
previewing, 22
Compositing in Blender Render
scene setup, 282
separating objects from their shadows, 282–284
Compositing in Cycles
scene setup, 287
Compositing methods, Node Editor, 275–276
Compositing nodes
Computer graphics. See Procedural textures.
Computer requirements for animation, 251
Configuring. See User preferences.
Connect tool, 81
Connected option, 76
Connecting
Connections, nodes, 278
Constraints, adding to bones, 213, 214–215
Constraints, rigging
Bone Constraints, 214
definition, 210
Object Constraints, 214
Contact shadows, 181
Context, character creation, 58–59
Control bones, 209
Copying. See Duplicating.
Create New Image option, 149–150
Creating
animated characters. See Animating characters; Character creation; Modeling; Rigging characters.
armatures, 211
camera tracking markers, 266–267
node trees, 21
skeletons, 211. See also Rigging, skeletons.
textures, 188
UVs automatically, 153
workspaces, 20
Cropping images, 188
Cube Projection, 153
Cube projections, unwrapping, 153
Current Texture panel, 188
Cursor Depth operation, 25
Curve tool, 94
Custom shapes, rigging, 210, 241–242
Customizing. See User preferences.
Diffuse option, 43
Emission option, 43
Glass option, 43
glass surface, 43
Glossy option, 43
light emission, 43
lights, 44
main color, 43
Mix option, 43
mixing shaders, 43
reflectivity, 43
shadowing, 44
shine, 43
transparency, 43
Transparent option, 43
Cycles, compositing
scene setup, 287
Cycles, shading
current selection, displaying, 197
Displacement panel, 199
increasing mesh detail, 199
loading textures, 200
Preview panel, 198
previewing, 198
Settings panel, 199
shaders, selecting, 198
Surface panel, 198
Cylinder Projection, 153
Cylinder projections, unwrapping, 153
D
Default cube
illustration, 14
Deform bones, 209
Deformer bones, selecting, 229–230
Deforming eyeballs with lattices, 104–105
Deleting
bones, 213
objects, 29
Designing characters. See Animating characters; Character creation; Modeling; Rigging characters.
Diffuse BSDF shader, 199
Diffuse Color channel, 181
Diffuse option, 43
Diffuse panel, 185
Disable option, 76
Displacement panel, 199
Dissolving edges, faces, and vertices, 81–82
Dividing, bones, 213
Downloading, Blender, 11
Dragging elements. See Proportional Editing.
Drawing Method selector, 14, 16
Drivers for shape keys, 239–241
Duplicate tool, 82
areas, 19
bones, 212
meshes, 82
modifiers, 41
E
Edges
bridging, 94
converting straight to curved, 94
creating faces from, 87
definition, 73
flattening, 94
scaling, 90
selecting, 74
subdividing geometry, 93
Editing. See also Proportional Editing.
animations, 22
bones, 213
keyboard shortcuts, 27
keyframes. See Animation editors.
movie clips, 263
options for, 26
video footage, 22
Editing tab, 26
Editor Type, selecting, 20–23. See also specific editors.
Elephants Dream, 6
Emission channel, 181
Emission option, Cycles, 43
Emission shader, 199
Empty spaces, filling, 127
Enable option, 76
Error messages, displaying, 20
Extensions, managing, 27
Extruding edges, faces, and vertices, 82–83, 91–92
Eyes
Eyes, modeling
deforming eyeballs with lattices, 104–105
F
Faces (of characters), modeling
blocking the basic shape, 107–109
face topology, 107
Faces (geometry), modeling, tools
bridging, 94
converting straight to curved, 94
creating from edges, 87
creating from vertices, 87
definition, 73
flattening, 94
four-sided rule, 73
n-gons, 73
normals, 127
orientation, determining, 127
quads, 73
scaling, 90
selecting, 74
subdividing geometry, 93
triangles, 73
types of, 73
Faces (of models), modeling
blocking the basic shape, 107–109
face topology, 107
Facial expressions (of characters), rigging, 235–241
Falloff Selection. See Proportional Editing.
Falloff types, 76
F-curves
displaying, 22
File Browser, 20
File format for Blender, 27
File paths, defining, 27
File tab, 27
Filling images with color, 169
Films, project stages
with visual effects, 54
Fingers
Fire effects, 295
FK (Forward Kinematics), 218–220
Flatten tool, 94
Follow Active Quads, 153
Format of images, specifying, 46
Four-sided rule for faces, 73
Frames, interface. See Areas.
Frames, animation, 245
G
Game engine, 295
Glass option, Cycles, 43
Glass shader, 199
Glass surface, with Cycles, 43
Global View/Local View, 18
Global/Local Layers Constraint button, 14, 17
Glossiness, 199
Glossy BSDF shader, 199
Glossy option, Cycles, 43
Gradients, 185
Grass in a field, 294
Gravity, simulating, 294
Growing/shrinking selections, 78
H
Hair. See Modeling hair.
Hair BSDF shader, 199
Heads
designing, 63
Hiding/unhiding, bones, 213
I
IK (Inverse Kinematics), 218–220
Image Mapping panel, 188
Image panel, 188
Image Sampling panel, 188
Influence panel, 189
Influencing channels, 189
Info menu, 20
Input nodes, 278
Input tab, 26
Insetting/outsetting faces, 84–85
Inside of the mouth, modeling, 115–116
Installing, Blender, 11
Interaction Mode, 3D View, 14, 16
Edit Mode, 36
moving objects, 36
Object Mode, 36
placing objects in scenes, 36
rotating objects, 36
scaling objects, 36
selecting, 37
Interface tab, 26
Inverse Kinematics (IK), 218–220
J
Join tool, 85
Joining
areas, 19
vertices, 81
K
Keyboard shortcuts
customizing, 20
editing, 27
moving objects, 32
Orbit, 19
Pan, 19
rotating objects, 32
scaling objects, 32
selecting loops or rings, 77–78
switching armature modes, 214
Keyframes
adding manually, 245
animating properties in menus, 246
displaying, 22
editing. See Animation editors.
keying sets, 246
Keying sets, 246
Krita, 61
L
Lasso selection, 23
Last action, operator, displaying, 14
Lattices, deforming eyeballs, 104–105
Layers. See also Render Layers.
materials, 180
painting textures, 170
Texture Paint, 170
textures, 188
Leaves falling, 293
Legs
Licensing
Blender, 4
open-source, 5
Lighting
3D View, 15
adding to scenes, 44–45, 273–275
baking into a texture, 296
Blender Render, 44
character creation, 56
Cycles, 44
Lightmap Pack, 153
Linked selections, 77
Linking to external software, 27
Live Unwrap, 160
Loaded Images List option, 149–150
Loading
.blend files, 47
UVs and base elements, 174
Loft tool, 95
Logic Editor, 21
Logs, displaying, 20
Loop Cut and Slide tool, 86–87, 111
Loops
bridging, 95
smoothing, 111
LoopTools, 94–95. See also Mesh modeling tools; Modeling tools.
M
Make Edge/Face tool, 87
Mapping images onto objects, 188
Mapping panel, 188
Markers
Mask Mode, 150
Masking, video recordings, 295
Material tab, 184–186, 197–199
Materials
controlling with textures, 194–195
in Cycles, description, 43, 182
definition, 42
layers, 180
masks, 180
properties of, 180
Materials, in Blender Render
base color, setting, 185
comparing two materials, 184
Diffuse panel, 185
gradients, 185
listing currently applied materials, 184
Mirror panel, 186
Options panel, 186
Preview panel, 185
previewing materials, 185
renaming materials, 185
rendering particles, 186
rubber effects, 186
saving, 186
Shading panel, 185
Shadow panel, 186
shadows, 186
shine: color, intensity, and hardness, 185
skin effects, 186
Specular panel, 185
Strand panel, 186
Subsurface Scattering panel, 186
transparency, 185
Transparency panel, 185
Materials tab, 42
Menus, zooming in and out, 23
Merge tool, 87
Merging
bones, 213
elements, 87
vertices, 95
Mesh deformation, defining, 230
Mesh menu, accessing modeling tools, 74
Mesh modeling tools. See also LoopTools; Modeling tools.
Bevel, 79
Connect, 81
Duplicate, 82
Join, 85
Loop Cut and Slide, 86–87, 111
Make Edge/Face, 87
Merge, 87
overview, 78
Remove Doubles, 88
Separate, 90
Shrink/Flatten, 90
Solidify, 91
Mesh topology, 97–99. See also Retopology.
Meshes
converting to light, 199
duplicating, 82
hiding/revealing parts of, 95
increasing detail, 199
separating into objects, 90
Metallic effects, 199
Mirror option, Blender Render, 43
Mirror panel, 186
Mirroring
shape keys, 237
Mix option, Cycles, 43
Mix Shader, 200
Modeling. See also Animating characters; Character creation; Rigging characters.
character creation, 55
Modeling accessories
badges, 142
clothing details, 143
communicator, 141
Modeling eyes
deforming eyeballs with lattices, 104–105
Modeling faces (character)
blocking the basic shape, 107–109
face topology, 107
Modeling hands
common mistakes, 129
Modeling methods
the best method, 100
box modeling, 99
modifiers, 100
retopologize, 100
sculpting, 100
Modeling tools. See also LoopTools; Mesh modeling tools.
AutoMerge, 95
Hide and Reveal, 95
searching for, 75
snapping, 96
defining torso and arms, 120–121
Modifier nodes, 278
definition, 38
duplicating, 41
modeling, 100
Subdivision Surface modifiers, 40–41, 113
Monkey head, 30
Movie Clip Editor, 22, 263, 295
Movies. See Video.
Moving
bones, 232
N
Naming, bones, 212
Naming conventions, bones, 223–224
NaN (Not a Number), founding of, 6
Navigating system folders, 20
NeoGeo, founding of, 6
n-gon faces, 73
NLA (Non-Linear Animation) Editor, 22, 250
Node Editor. See also Nodes.
Add menu, 280
Backdrop option, 281
controls for manipulating nodes, 280–281
getting started, 279
previewing results, 281
selecting, 21
Tools Region, 279
Node trees
creating, 21
Nodes. See also Node Editor.
compositing in Blender Render, 284–287
compositing in Cycles, 288–290
connections, 278
input, 278
modifier, 278
output, 278
properties, 278
Non-Linear Animation (NLA) Editor, 22, 250
Normal channel, 181
Normal maps, 181
Not a Number (NaN), founding of, 6
O
Object Constraints, 214
Object data (ObData)
definition, 34
vs. objects, 35
Object tracking, video recordings, 295
Objects
arranging in scenes, 33
duplicates vs. instances, 35
joining, 85
modifying. See Interaction Modes; Modifiers; specific modifications.
monkey head, 30
names, displaying, 34
naming conventions, 36
vs. object data (ObData), 35
placing in scenes, 36
renaming, 34
resizing. See Scaling.
test sample, 30
Objects in scenes, defining behaviors and functions for, 21
Occlusion channel, 181
Offsetting images, 188
Opaqueness, 181
Open Existing Image option, 149–150
Open Movie projects
Big Buck Bunny, 6
Elephants Dream, 6
first project, 6
Sintel, 6
Yo, Frankie!, 6
Open-source software
description, 5
licensing, 5
Operator panel, 14
Options panel, 186
Orbit, 17
Outliner, 21
Output nodes, 278
P
Pack Islands, 165
Paint Mode, 150
Paint selection, 23
Painting software, 61
Painting textures. See also Texturing in image editing software.
creating the base texture, 170–172
drawing lines with a mouse, 171
filling images with color, 169
including external files, 171–172
layers, 170
limitations of, 170
placing texture elements, 170–171
saving images, 171
Smooth Stroke option, 171
viewing your painted character, 176
Pan, 17
Panels, 3D View
collapsing/expanding, 15
illustrations, 14
reordering, 15
Parallax, 262
Particle System, 293
Pattern area, 265
Pattern orientation, 266
Performance options, 27
Performance settings, 20
Personality, character creation, 58
Perspective detection, 262
Perspective shift, 262
Perspective/Orthographic Switch, 18
Photographs, project stages, 55
Pivot Point selection option, 149–150
Point of view
3D View, 14
of the active camera, 18
changing, 17
Poly to poly modeling, 99
Pose Mode, armatures, 213
Posing, bones, 213
Postproduction
character creation, 56
Predefined Views, 17
Preproduction
character creation, 55
Previewing
compositing, 22
materials, 185
results of Node Editor, 281
shading, 198
textures, 188
Procedural textures, 183
Production
project stages, 52
Project from View, 153
Project stages
for a film with visual effects, 54
for a film without visual effects, 53–54
for photographs, 55
production, 52
storyboarding, 53
Projected (2D) option, 76
Properties
3D View, viewing and setting, 15
nodes, 278
setting, 21
Properties editor, 21
description, 76
.psd files, 174
Python API, 20
Python Console, 20
Python scripting, 297
Q
Quad faces
definition, 73
filling empty spaces, 127
Quad View, toggling, 15
R
Rain effects, 293
Real-time rendering, 46
Reference images, aligning, 102
Reference planes, setting up, 101–102
Reflection, shader, 199
Reflection channel, 181
Reflectivity
with Blender Render, 43
channels, 181
with Cycles, 43
Refraction, shader, 199
Refraction shader, 199
Relax tool, 95
Release Confirms option, 32
Relief effects, 181
Remove Doubles tool, 88
Renaming
materials, 185
objects, 34
Render engines. See Blender Render; Cycles.
Render Layers. See also Layers.
Blender Render, 46
character creation, 56
description, 46
final results, 291
image format, specifying, 46
image resolution, setting, 46
loading a .blend file, 47
opening a .blend file, 47
particles, 186
previews in 3D View, 17
in real time, 46
saving a .blend file, 47
saving versions of a file, 47
settings, 290
Renders, displaying, 22
Repeating images, 188
Reset option, 153
Resizing. See Scaling.
Resolution of images, setting, 46
Retopologize process, 100
Retopology, 296. See also Topology.
Rig organization
Rigging
in character creation, 56
process overview, 210
typing object names, 215
Rigging, armatures
creating, 211
definition, 209
Edit Mode, 213
Object Mode, 213
Pose Mode, 213
Rigging, bones
adding constraints, 213, 214–215
chaining, 212
control bones, 209
controlling orientation of, 212–213
defining a hierarchy of, 212
definition, 209
deform bones, 209
deformer bones, selecting, 229–230
deleting, 213
dividing, 213
duplicating, 212
editing, 213
hiding/unhiding, 213
merging, 213
mirroring changes, 212
moving, 232
naming, 212
posing, 213
rotating, 232
scaling, 232
selecting, 212
switching direction, 213
Rigging, constraints
Bone Constraints, 214
definition, 210
Object Constraints, 214
Rigging, skinning
Armature modifier, 230
mesh deformation, defining, 230
overview, 228
selecting deformer bones, 229–230
Rigging characters. See also Animating characters; Character creation; Modeling.
FK (Forward Kinematics), 218–220
IK (Inverse Kinematics), 218–220
posing the character, 235
Rigging characters, shape keys
definition, 235
mirroring, 237
Rigid objects, 294
Roosendaal, Ton
creation of Blender Foundation, 6
creation of Blender Institute, 6
founding of NeoGeo, 6
founding of Not a Number (NaN), 6
head of Blender Foundation, 7
vision for Blender, 4
Rotating
bones, 232
Rough surfaces, 181
Roughness channel, 181
Rubber effects, 186
S
Sampling images, 188
Saving files
.blend files, 47
preferences for, 27
versions of a file, 47
Saving materials, 186
areas, 19
bones, 232
edges, 90
faces, 90
images, 188
vertices, 90
Scripting
editor for, 21
Python, 297
Selecting
bones, 212
box selection, 23
faces, 74
lasso selection, 23
paint selection, 23
shared vertices, 151
undoing/redoing actions, 24
vertices, 74
Selection mode, switching, 149, 151
Selection Mode option, 149, 151
Selections
arranging in a circle, 94
distributing along a curve, 94–95
growing/shrinking, 78
limiting to visible elements, 78
linked, 77
Proportional Editing, 76
shortest path, 75
smoothing, 95
spacing equally, 95
thickening, 91
Separate tool, 90
Settings panel, 199
Shaders
Add Shader, 200
Anisotropic BSDF, 199
anisotropic shine, 199
basics, 199
colored surfaces, 199
combining, 200
converting mesh to light, 199
Diffuse BSDF, 199
Emission, 199
Glass, 199
glossiness, 199
Glossy BSDF, 199
Hair BSDF, 199
hair effects, 199
metallic effects, 199
Mix Shader, 200
mixing with Cycles, 43
reflection, 199
refraction, 199
Refraction, 199
selecting, 198
transparency, 199
Transparent BSDF, 199
Shading, character creation, 55
Shading, in Blender Render
adding basic materials, 190–191
adding multiple materials, 191–193
textures, controlling material properties, 194–195
Shading, in Cycles
current selection, displaying, 197
Displacement panel, 199
increasing mesh detail, 199
loading textures, 200
Preview panel, 198
previewing, 198
Settings panel, 199
shaders, selecting, 198
Surface panel, 198
Shading option, Blender Render, 43
Shading panel, 185
Shadow panel, 186
Shadows
3D View, 15
in Blender Render, 43
contact shadows, 181
in Cycles, 44
with materials, 186
separating from their objects. See Render Layers.
Shape keys
definition, 235
mirroring, 237
Shared Vertex selection options, 149, 151
Shine
in Blender Render, 43
color, intensity, and hardness, 181, 185
in Cycles, 43
Shortest path, selecting, 75
Shortest Path option, 157
Shrink/Flatten tool, 90
Sintel, 6
Skeletons, rigging, 211, 215–217
Skin effects, 186
Skinning, rigging
Armature modifier, 230
mesh deformation, defining, 230
overview, 228
selecting deformer bones, 229–230
Smart UV Project, 153
Smoke effects, 295
Smooth option, 111
Smooth Selection. See Proportional Editing.
Smoothing, selections, 95
Snapping
3D View, 17
Snap menu, 25
vertices, 95
when modeling, 96
Snapping options, UV/Image Editor, 149, 151
Snow effects, 293
Soft objects, 294
Soft Selection. See Proportional Editing.
Solidify modifier, 140
Solidify tool, 91
Solving camera motion, 268–269
Spacing selections, 95
Specular channel, 181
Specular option, Blender Render, 43
Specular panel, 185
Sphere Projection, 153
Sphere projections, unwrapping, 153
Spin tool, 92
Splitting, areas, 19
Stitch tool, 161
Storyboarding, 53
Strand panel, 186
Style, character creation, 59
Subdivide Surface modifier, 140–141, 230
Subdivision Surface modifiers, 40–41, 113
Subsurface Scattering panel, 186
Surface color, 181
Surface panel, 198
Surfaces
Swapping, areas, 19
Synchronizing UVs with 3D models, 149, 151
System tab, 27
T
Tabs, 14
Testing
development versions of Blender, 8
Text Editor, 22
Texture Face, 158
Texture tab, 187
controlling material properties, 194–195
definition, 167
influence on channels, 189
painting. See Painting textures.
procedural, 183
shading, in Cycles, 200
Textures, in Blender Render
colors, changing, 188
Colors panel, 188
creating textures, 188
cropping images, 188
Current Texture panel, 188
Image Mapping panel, 188
Image panel, 188
Image Sampling panel, 188
Influence panel, 189
influencing channels, 189
layers, 188
listing the current selection, 187
loading textures, 188
mapping images onto objects, 188
Mapping panel, 188
offsetting images, 188
Preview panel, 188
previewing, 188
repeating images, 188
resizing images, 188
sampling images, 188
Texture tab, 187
Textures list panel, 188
Textures list panel, 188
Texturing, character creation, 55
Texturing in image editing software. See also Painting textures.
adding base colors, 174
exporting UVs as images, 172–173
loading UVs and base elements, 174
painting the details, 175
viewing your painted character, 176
Themes tab, 27
Thickening, selections, 91
3D cursor
depth option, 27
posing characters without skeletons, 123
3D models, unwrapping into 2D. See Unwrapping.
3D objects, mixing with video recordings. See Camera tracking.
3D scenes, converting to 2D. See Rendering.
3D View
description, 12
illustration, 13
3D View, navigating
hiding/showing selections, 18
perspective/orthographic views, switching, 18
recommended prerequisites, 17
walking around a scene, 18
3D View, navigation controls
Camera View, 18
Global View/Local View, 18
Orbit, 17
Pan, 17
Perspective/Orthographic Switch, 18
Predefined Views, 17
View Selected, 17
Walk Mode, 18
Zoom, 17
3D View, screen elements
Camera, 14
Drawing Method selector, 14, 16
Global/Local Layers Constraint button, 14, 17
Operator panel, 14
Tabs, 14
Transform Manipulators, 14, 16
Timelines
displaying and marking, 22
Tools. See Brushes; Editors; LoopTools; Mesh modeling tools; Modeling tools.
Tools Region
accessing modeling tools, 74
Node Editor, 279
Topology, 97–99. See also Retopology.
Torso and arms, modeling
defining torso and arms, 120–121
Tracked frames, 266
Trackers. See Camera tracking, markers.
Tracking
cameras. See Camera tracking.
objects in video recordings, 295
Transform Manipulators, 3D View, 14, 16
Transforming objects. See also specific transformations.
in 3D View, 16
numerically precise transformations, 32–33
speeding up, 32
Transparency
Blender Render, 43
in Blender Render, 185
with Cycles, 43
materials, 181
shader, 199
Transparency channel, 181
Transparency option, Blender Render, 43
Transparency panel, 185
Transparent BSDF shader, 199
Transparent option, Cycles, 43
Tree graphs of scene elements, 21
Trees in a forest, 294
Triangle faces, 73
Trunk versions of Blender, 8
2D cursor, UV/Image Editor, 149, 150
U
Undoing/redoing actions, 24
Units of measure, 15
Unwrap option, 153
Unwrapping. See also UVs.
in 3D View, 153
aligning active quads, 153
Blender tools for. See UV/Image Editor.
character creation, 55
considerations, 155
cube projections, 153
cylinder projections, 153
Jim’s face, 159
Live Unwrap, 160
pivot point, selecting, 149–150
by predefined parameters, 153
Proportional Editing, 149, 151
in real time, 160
resetting selected faces, 153
selecting shared vertices, 149, 151
selection mode, switching, 149, 151
sphere projections, 153
texturing workflow, 167
unwrapping menus, 152
UV display, customizing, 149–150
UVs, creating automatically, 153
UVs, synchronizing with 3D models, 149, 151
Unwrapping, seams
Unwrapping menus, 152
Update other views automatically, 149, 151
User interface. See also 3D View.
areas, 12
editors, 12
Outliner, 13
Properties Editor, 13
User interface, customizing
saving custom settings, 27
settings, 27
themes, 20
User Preferences window, 20. See also Blender User Preferences.
UV display, customizing, 149–150
UV mapping. See Unwrapping.
3D View selection option, 151
Create New Image option, 149–150
Cube Projection, 153
Cylinder Projection, 153
definition, 22
description, 149
Follow Active Quads, 153
illustration, 149
Lightmap Pack, 153
Loaded Images List option, 149–150
navigating, 152
Open Existing Image option, 149–150
Pivot Point selection option, 149–150
previewing Node Editor results, 281
Project from View, 153
Proportional Editing, 149, 151
Reset, 153
Selection Mode option, 149, 151
Shared Vertex selection options, 149, 151
Smart UV Project, 153
Sphere Projection, 153
Unwrap option, 153
unwrapping menus, 152
Update other views automatically, 149, 151
UVs. See also Unwrapping.
adjusting, 160
Average Islands, 165
creating automatically, 153
Pack Islands, 165
synchronizing with 3D models, 149, 151
Texture Face, 158
V
Vertices
automatic merging, 95
creating faces from, 87
definition, 73
flattening, 94
joining, 81
removing doubles, 88
scaling, 90
selecting, 74
selecting shortest path, 75
Video footage, editing, 22
Video recording
character creation, 56
masking, 295
mixing 3D objects with. See Camera tracking.
object tracking, 295
Video Sequence Editor, 22
Video stabilization, 295
View Mode, 150
View Selected, 17
W
Walk Mode, 18
Walking animations along a path, 255–256
Weight, simulating, 294
Weights, assigning to bones, 230–233
Workspaces, creating, 20
X
X-Mirror option, 232
Y
Yo, Frankie!, 6
Z
Zoom, 17
Zooming
3D View, 14
during camera tracking, 263
cameras, 17
