There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

CodeInText: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: "The handle in hkResult is used by RegEnumValueA to begin enumerating each registry value under the registry key."

A block of code is set as follows:

 while (true) {
    for (char i = 1; i <= 255; i++) {
      if (GetAsyncKeyState(i) & 1) {
        sprintf_s(lpBuffer, "\x%02x", i);
        LogFile(lpBuffer, (char*)"log.txt");
      }
    }

When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:

87 to base-2
87 divided by 2 is 43 remainder 1.
43 divided by 2 is 21 remainder 1.
21 divided by 2 is 10 remainder 1.
10 divided by 2 is 5 remainder 0.
5 divided by 2 is 2 remainder 1.

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For example, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in the text like this. Here is an example: "In VirtualBox, click on File|Import Appliance."