Index

A

AC and DC current, 238, 245

acceleration, role in Newton’s second law, 205–206

agriculture, sustainability, 106

air. See also candle; remixing air

combustion reaction, 21–22

composition of, 21

air gun

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 189–190

physics, 199–200

pressure and force, 199–200

projectiles, 195–196

stuff and tools, 189–190

tinkering, 190–198

alcohol. See also fermentation; palm wine; wine

content, 47, 50–51

production in Timor, 43

stuff and tools, 45, 47

alcoholism, 52

alpha angle, tangent of, 68

amylase enzyme, 45

anaerobic environment, 37

angles

making for rhombus weave, 78–79

measuring and calculating, 67–69

role in weaving, 66–67

aorta of heart, 140

archaea kingdom, 41

Archimedean solids, 101

Archimedes’s law, 211–213

Aristotle, 207

arteries of heart, 135

asthenosphere, role in plate tectonics, 178

atmosphere, role in global warming, 163, 166–167, 169

atrium of heart, 134, 137

B

bacteria, benefits of, 41

bar graph, using with weaving, 69

basketry. See alsokohe (multipurpose carry-all) basket; weaving math

bote (bucket basket), 57

gathering leaves, 62–63

katupa (rice dumplings) basket, 61–62, 93, 101

kohe (multipurpose carry-all), 60

lafatik (winnowing basket), 58–60, 64

mamafatin (betel nut basket), 59–60

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

overview, 55

preparing strips, 63

in Timor, 56

batteries

connecting for transformer, 235

function of, 254

semiconductor circuits, 242

biogas, clean or green energy, 42. See also methane

bird feet

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

overview, 123

stuff and tools, 121

tinkering, 122–123

Black, Mayow, and Priestley, 21

blood, path through body, 135

blue designation, including in food calendar, 108–109, 112

bones

simulating, 123–127

types of, 123

bote (bucket basket), 57

bucket basket (bote), 57

Buckyball design, 100

bullets, making for flip-flop air gun, 195–196

buoyant force and gravity, 212–213

burning items, safety note, 250

C

calculator, using for weaving math, 65–71

can, squashing, 28

candle, lighting and enclosing, 23–26, 173, 190. See also remixing air

capillaries of heart, 135

capped bottle example, 24, 28–29

carbon dioxide

creation of, 167

in fermentation with yeast, 47

vs. methane, 42

role in combustion, 29

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 127

Cartesian plane, making, 69

cassava, role in making alcohol, 45

cattle, production of methane, 42

cement vs. glue, 200

chenille stems, using for polyhedra, 102

China, time lived in, 114

chlorine gas, safety note, 248

Circogonia icosahedra species, 102

circulation system, 134

circumference C, calculating, 146

Clerk Maxwell, James, 238

CO₂

creation of, 167

in fermentation with yeast, 47

vs. methane, 42

role in combustion, 29

coconut oil

making, 4–6

making with machines, 16–17

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 17

stuff and tools, 6

tinkering, 6–15

coconuts

boiling milk, 11

candy, 13

grating and adding water, 7–8

handling oil, 12

harvesting, 18–19

metabolism, 17

milk, 9–10

opening, 6

qualities, 3–4

separating meat from shell, 7

separating oil, 14

and sweet potatoes, 15

use of machinery for oil, 16–17

using gratings, 9

virgin vs. non-virgin oil, 10, 14–15

combustion

equations, 29

reaction of air, 21–22, 25–29

combustion variations

candle in water, 23–25

candle lit outside of bottle, 30–31

hole in top of bottle, 23

lid on bottle, 23

sucking in water, 32–33

variety of bottles, 33

variety of candles, 33

conch shell, 221, 228–229

condensation of water, 27

conduit, using to make still, 48

convergent interaction, 178, 180, 182, 184

cooking oil, use of, 20

“corn season,” 114

Coxeter diagrams, 101

cuboctahedron, explained, 100

cultural experiences, comparing, 90–91

current, AC and DC, 238

D

dairy, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

DC and AC current, 238, 245

degrees, measuring with protractor, 67

diameter, role in circumference calculation, 146

dikin leaves, using for baskets, 62

diodes, 241

distillation

“the firsts,” 51

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 45, 47–52

tinkering, 45–50

troubleshooting, 50

divergent interaction, 178, 180, 182, 184

Doherty, Paul, 28

dung, adding for methane, 37

E

Earth. See also global warming models

18 hottest years, 161

milestones, 186

temperature of, 161

tilt of, 156–157

earthquakes

Loma Prieta, 182

simulating, 179

edges, considering for stick solids, 95–99

eggs, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

Elaeis guineensis tree, nuts of, 20

electricity, flowing, 244

electrifying induction, NGSS practices and concepts, 260

electrolysis, 248, 253

electromagnetic induction

explained, 236

overview, 233–234

stuff and tools, 234

tinkering, 234–236

energy conservation in Majority World, 168

ETAN (East Timor Action Network), 256

ethanol, 51

“Eureka!,” 211

evaporation, effect of, 163, 169

Everest, 183

F

F=ma, explained, 203, 206

faces, considering for stick solids, 95–99

Faraday, Michael, 237–238

fermentation. See also alcohol; wine

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 45, 47

tinkering, 45–50

with yeast, 47

finger model

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

overview, 123

stuff and tools, 121

tinkering, 122–123

fire extinguisher, safety note, 190

fires as combustion reactions, 22

“the firsts,” producing from distillation, 51

fish heart, 136

flip-flop air gun

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 189–190

physics, 199–200

pressure and force, 199–200

projectiles, 195–196

stuff and tools, 189–190

tinkering, 190–198

floating and sinking

Archimedes’s law, 211–213

buoyant force and gravity, 212–213

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

stuff and tools, 209

tinkering, 209–211

food

accessing at different latitudes, 114

sustainability, 113

food calendars

blue designation, 108–109

green designation, 108–110

hungry season, 106

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

orange designation, 108–110

overview, 105–106, 112–113

tinkering, 107–112

using, 108, 110–111

weakness, 113

food sovereignty, 106

forces. See also pressure and force

vs. acceleration, 205

vs. motion, 207

opposing forces, 203

four-by-four grid, keeping in place, 83–84

fruit, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

Fuller, Buckminster, 100

FWBR (Full Wave Bridge Rectifier), 242–245

G

garbage

adding for methane, 36

destinations, 42

placing container in basin, 38

gas

expansion and contraction, 26–27

role in combustion, 29

geodesic shape, 100

geologic timeline, 185–186

geometric solids. See also geometric solids

overview, 93–95

process of, 99–102

stuff and tools, 95

tinkering, 95–99

geometry, using in sun path model, 146

global warming models. See also Earth

graph, 166

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 161–162

results of experiment, 163–164

science, 167

stuff, 162, 164

table for data, 163–164

tinkering, 162, 164–168

glue vs. cement, 200

grains, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

graphs and triangles, 69–71

gravity, effect of, 203, 212–213

Greek letters, using with measurements, 67

green designation, including in food calendar, 108–109, 112

greenhouse gas, 42

gun project (flip-flop air gun)

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 189–190

physics, 199–200

pressure and force, 199–200

projectiles, 195–196

stuff and tools, 189–190

tinkering, 190–198

H

Hailear, arrival in, 114

hands, capabilities of, 121

HASA-TIL (Sustainable Agriculture Network for Timor-Leste), 106

heart model

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 134–136

versus real heart, 135

stuff and tools, 129–130

tinkering, 130–134

heart of mammal

aorta, 140

arteries, 135

atria, 137

atrium, 134

capillaries, 135

of fish, 136

function, 134–135

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 141

role and parts of, 134

stuff and tools, 136

tinkering, 136–141

valves, 135–136, 138

veins, 135

ventricles, 134, 138–139

vessels, 135

hedron, explained, 99

hexagons, 100

hungry season, 106

hydrocarbons, 35

I

icosidodecahedron, explained, 100

induction, explained, 236–237

Industrial Revolution, 28

Institute of Current World Affairs, 256

J

jar, covering candle with, 25

Johnson solids, 100

joints, simulating, 123–127

K

katupa (rice dumplings) basket, 61–62

designs, 93

teaching and learning, 94

tetrahedron katupa, 101

Kilauea volcano, 185

kohe (multipurpose carry-all) basket, 60. See also basketry

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 88–89

stuff and tools, 83

tinkering, 83–87

L

lafatik (winnowing basket), 58–60, 64

lakadou instrument. See alsosasando instrument; tube music

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

sound and vibration, 219

stuff and tools, 215–216

tinkering, 216–218

La’o Hamutuk, 256

leaves, gathering for baskets, 62–63

LEDs (light-emitting diodes), 239–245

legumes, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

ligaments, simulating, 123–127

lithosphere, role in plate tectonics, 183–184

Loma Prieta earthquake, 182

M

Majority World

considering, 106

energy conservation, 168

mamafatin (betel nut basket), 59–60

Mana Joana, 58, 63, 83, 90–91

marbles, role in global warming model, 166

mass, role in Newton’s second law, 203, 205

materials. See stuff

math. See weaving math

Mayow, Black, and Priestley, 30

meals, writing down, 107

meat, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

melting process, safety note, 251

methane. See also biogas

adding garbage, 36

anaerobic environment, 37

vs. carbon dioxide, 42

dung, 37

explosions, 39

igniting, 39

microbes, 41

overview, 35–36

process of, 41–42

producing, 39

rig, 36

stuff and tools, 36

tinkering, 36–40

troubleshooting, 40–41

methanogens, 41

methanol, 51

microbes, role in methane, 41

Mongolia, 114

motion, relationship to force, 207

Mount Everest, 183

Mount Ramelau, 177, 182–183

mung bean sprouts, 115–118

muscles

relationship to bones, 123

simulating, 123–127

musical instruments. Seelakadou instrument; sasando instrument; tube music

N

Needham, Joseph, 207

Newton’s laws, 203–207

Newton’s slingshot

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

stuff and tools, 201

tinkering, 202–203

NGSS (New Generation Science Standards), 257–260

North Pole, situating in sun path model, 157

nuts of Elaeis guineensis tree, 20

Nye, Bill, 30

O

Oakland Toy Lab, 123

oceans, layers of, 185

Ohm’s law, 238

oil-producing plants, 17. See also palm oil

orange designation, including in food calendar, 108–109, 112–113

Ørsted, Hans Christian, 236–237

oxygen

role in combustion, 25–26, 29–30

role in methane, 39

P

packing tape, heat resistance, 52

palm oil, perils of, 20. See also oil-producing plants

palm wine. See also alcohol; wine

distillation, 45

fermentation, 45

production in Timor, 43

production process, 44–45

pentagons

forming for stick solids, 98

shapes on faces, 95

petroleum, 167

pi, value of, 159

Pinnacles, 182

pipe cleaners, using for polyhedra, 102

plants

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

overview, 118–119

stuff, 115

tinkering, 115–118

plastic bottle, placing hole in top, 23–24

plate tectonics

asthenosphere, 178

convergent interaction, 178, 180, 182, 184

diagram, 182

divergent interaction, 178, 180, 182, 184

earthquake, 179

force for movement of, 184

lithosphere, 183–184

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

overview, 177–178, 182–185

stuff, 183

stuff and tools, 178

tinkering, 178–184

transverse interaction, 178–179, 182, 184

Platonic solids, 94, 96, 101

plunger-model spud gun, 189

polyhedra

explained, 99

making, 102

Portuguese words, 21

potato, role in making alcohol, 45

pressure and force, 199. See also forces

Priestley, Mayow, and Black, 21

projectiles, making for flip-flop air gun, 195–196

protractor, using in weaving math, 67

PVC (polyvinyl chloride), 189–197, 199–200

safety note, 190

PVC cement, safety note, 194

pyramid shapes, 100

R

radiation

explained, 169

from sun, 163

Ramelau mountain, 177, 182–183

remixing air. See also air; candle

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 25–29

stuff, 22

tinkering, 23–25, 30–33

tools, 22

rhombus weave. See also weaving math

getting strips, 73

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

process of, 79–81

stuff, 73

tinkering, 75–79

rhombuses

in basketry, 66–67

using in winnowing basket, 59

robots arms, making, 123–127

rock cycle

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

safety note, 174

schematic, 174–176

stuff and tools, 171

tinkering, 171–174

rocks, sinking, 211–212

S

safety glasses, wearing, 196, 250

San Andreas Fault, 182

sasando instrument, 219. See alsolakadou instrument; tube music

scientific calculator, using for weaving math, 65–71

seasons and shadows. See sun path model

semiconductor circuits

diodes, 241

FWBR (Full Wave Bridge Rectifier), 242–245

increasing voltage, 242

NGSS practices and concepts, 260

stuff and tools, 239–240

tinkering, 240–244

Shläfli symbols, 101

“Shy Maria” plant, 118

sinking and floating

Archimedes’s law, 211–213

buoyant force and gravity, 212–213

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

stuff and tools, 209

tinkering, 209–211

“Sleepy-eyed tree” plant, 118

slingshot

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

stuff and tools, 201

tinkering, 202–203

snacks, writing down, 107

sound and vibration, 219, 228–229

Southeast Asia, cooking oil from, 20

Spangler, Steve, 30

spud guns, 189

square numbers and square roots, 70

squares

forming for stick solids, 96–97

shapes on faces, 95

starches, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

stick solids. Seealso geometric solids

forming squares, 96–97

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

still, using for distillation, 47–50

stomach problems, relationship to bacteria, 41

stove, heating up, 183

strips

getting for rhombus weave, 73–74

preparing for baskets, 63

stuff

alcohol, 45, 47

bird feet, 121

coconut oil, 6

electrifying induction, 234

flip-flop air gun, 189–190

geometric solids, 95

global warming models, 162, 164

heart, 136

heart model, 129–130

kohe (multipurpose carry-all) basket, 83

lakadou, 215–216

methane, 36

Newton’s slingshot, 201

plants, 115

plate tectonics, 178, 183

remixing air, 22

rhombus weave, 73

robots arms, 123

rock cycle, 171

semiconductor circuits, 239–240

sinking and floating, 209

sun path model, 146

tube music, 221

water molecules, 247–248

weaving math, 65

sugar mash, making, 46–47

sun path model

23.5 degrees, 158

angle dial, 150–151

changing latitude, 154–155, 157

craft sticks, 148

degrees, 150

directions of base platform, 149–150, 157

equator, 159

geometry, 146

glue joint, 148

gluing sticks, 149

horizon view, 159

length of wires, 146

NGSS practices and concepts, 259

North Pole, 157

overview, 145–146, 156–157

scaling up, 147

shadow, 152, 155–156

solar zenith, 158

stuff and tools, 146

testing, 152–154

wires, 147–148, 151

sustainable local agriculture, 106

sweet potato mash, making, 45–47

T

tangent, calculating for alpha angle, 68–69

tendon sheaths, simulating, 123–127

tendons, simulating, 123–127

tetrahedron katupa, 101

Tetun, 21

“Time of New Corn,” 114

Timor basketry

bote (bucket basket), 57

katupa (rice dumplings), 61–62

kohe (multipurpose carry-all), 60

lafatik (winnowing basket), 58–60

mamafatin (betel nut basket), 59–60

Timor-Leste. See also tropics

basketry in, 56

coconut in, 3–4, 16–17

food sources, 105–106

growing seasons, 161

history, 255–256

machetes, 20

Mount Ramelau, 177

production of palm wine, 43

tomatoes, including on food calendar, 108

tools

alcohol, 45, 47

bird feet, 121

coconut oil, 6

electrifying induction, 234

flip-flop air gun, 189–190

geometric solids, 95

heart, 136

heart model, 129–130

kohe (multipurpose carry-all) basket, 83

lakadou, 215–216

methane, 36

Newton’s slingshot, 201

plate tectonics, 178

remixing air, 22

robots arms, 123

rock cycle, 171

semiconductor circuits, 239–240

sinking and floating, 209

sun path model, 146

tube music, 221

water molecules, 247–248

weaving math, 65

transformers

coils and voltage, 234–235

numerical markings, 235

safety note, 233

use of, 237–238

transverse interaction, 178–179, 182, 184

triangles

diagonals of, 68–69

forming for stick solids, 98

and graphs, 69–71

shapes on faces, 95

trigonometry, applying to weaving, 69

tropics, crops from, 17. See also Timor

troubleshooting

distillation process, 50

methane, 40–41

tube music. See alsolakadou instrument; sasando instrument

basics, 222–225

flute, 227–228

mouthpieces, 227

NGSS practices and concepts, 260

overview, 221

slide flute, 225–227

sound and vibration, 228–229

stuff and tools, 221

V

valves of heart, 135–136, 138

veggies, including on food calendar, 108, 110–111

veins of heart, 135

ventricle of heart, 134, 138–139

vertices, considering for stick solids, 95–99

vibration and sound, 219, 228–229

voltage

generating, 238

increasing, 242

W

water, turning to gas, 28

water cycle, 171

water molecules

bubbling, 249–251

electrolysis, 248

experimentation, 249

gas volume, 251–252

NGSS practices and concepts, 260

overview, 252–254

physical change, 247

reactions, 254

state change, 247

stuff and tools, 247–248

water vapor, role in combustion, 27

weaving math. See also basketry; rhombus weave

angles, 66–67

graphs and triangles, 69–71

NGSS practices and concepts, 258

square numbers and square roots, 70

stuff and tools, 65

tinkering, 66–70

wine, alcohol content, 50–51. See also fermentation; palm wine

winnowing basket (lafatik), 58–59

X

X designation, including in food calendar, 108–109, 112

Y

yeast, fermentation with, 47