Contents

Preface

Chapter One:
Solutions and Formats

A Variety of Approaches

The Panoramic Image

Angle of View

Different Aspect Ratios

Format Size

Influence on Image Detail

Influence on Depth of Field

Hyperfocal Distance

Chapter Two:
Framing and Composition

Framing

Viewfinder

Flatback Cameras

Swing-Lens and Rotational Cameras

Photographic Assemblage

Composition

Rule of Thirds

Placing the Horizon Line

Shifting the Lens

Symmetry

Composing with the Sun

Composing at Night

Noting Location

Chapter Three:
Flatback Cameras and Picture-Taking

Conventional Cameras

Throwaway, APS, and Compact Cameras

35 mm and Digital Cameras

Medium-Format Cameras

Large-Format Cameras

Specialty Cameras

24 mm × 65 mm Cameras

6 × 12 Cameras

6 × 17 Cameras

Accessories

Camera Bag

Tripod

Level

Light Meters

Filters

Lens Filters

Conventional Filters

Other Accessories

Taking the Picture

Framing

Light Metering and Exposure

Chapter Four:
Picture-Taking with Swing-Lens and Rotational Cameras

How Do Swing-Lens and Rotational Cameras Work?

When the Lens Rotates

When the Camera Rotates

Camera Types

Swing-Lens Cameras

Rotational Cameras

Digital Cameras

Accessories

Level

Filters

Light Meters

Taking the Picture

Hand-held or Tripod?

Framing Options

Depth of Field and Hyperfocal Distance

Light Metering and Exposure

Spot-Meter Reading

Placing the Light

Dodging

Movements

Starts and Stops

Changing Exposure Times

Chapter Five:
Joined Panoramas

The Principle

Steps in the Joining Method

Photo Equipment

Camera

Tripod and Level

Panoramic Tripod Head

Hand-Held Light Meters

Accessories

Prior to Taking the Picture

Framing Decisions

Entrance Pupil

Definition

Finding the Entrance Pupil

Importance of the Entrance Pupil

Light Metering

Color Temperature

Determining Exposure

Localized Metering – Differences in Contrast

Taking the Picture

Rotation

Exposure Correction

Chapter Six:
Photographic Assemblage

Preparing the Photographs

Light Level

White-Balance

Optical Distortions

Image Size and Format

Retouching Tools

Stitching

The Principle

Tiled Connections

Orthoscopic Connections

Creative Connections

Software Programs

Joining with the Realvis Stitcher

First Step: Distortions

Second Step: Joining

Third Step: The Result

Joining with the Panavue ImageAssembler

First Step: Lens Wizard

Second Step: Series Assemblage

Creating a QTVR Sequence

Chapter Seven:
After the Exposure

Traditional or Digital Prints?

Traditional Prints

Digital Prints

Presentation of Panoramic Photographs

Distribution of Images on the Internet

Books and Display Cases

Exhibits

Slide Projection

Archival Storage of Originals

Negatives

Color Transparency Film

Storing Digital Files

Appendix A: Resources

Directory of Photographers

Sources of Supplies

Bibliography

Appendix B: Photographic Credits

Index