Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Preface

Study Guide

Chapter 1: Recognition and Learning by a Computer

1.1 What Is Recognition by a Computer?

1.2 Representation and Transformation in Recognition

1.3 What Is Learning by a Computer?

1.4 Representation and Transformation in Learning

1.5 Example of Recognition/Learning System

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 2: Representing Information

2.1 Pattern Function and Bit Pattern

2.2 The Representation of Spatial Structure

2.3 Graph Representation

2.4 Tree Representation

2.5 List Representation

2.6 Predicate Logic Representation

2.7 Horn Clause Logic Representation

2.8 Declarative Representation

2.9 Procedural Representation

2.10 Representation Using Rules

2.11 Semantic Networks and Frames

2.12 Representation Using Fourier Series

2.13 Classification of Representation Methods

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 3: Generation and Transformation of Representations

3.1 Methods of Generating and Transforming Representations

3.2 Linear Transformations of Pattern Functions

3.3 Sampling and Quantization of Pattern Functions

3.4 Transformation to Spatial Representations

3.5 Generation of Tree Representation

3.6 Search and Problem Solving

3.7 Logical Inference

3.8 Production Systems

3.9 Inference Using Frames

3.10 Constraint Representation and Relaxation

3.11 Summary

Exercises

Chapter 4: Pattern Feature Extraction

4.1 Detecting an Edge

4.2 Detection of a Boundary Line

4.3 Extracting a Region

4.4 Texture Analysis

4.5 Detection of Movement

4.6 Representing a Boundary Line

4.7 Representing a Region

4.8 Representation of a Solid

4.9 Interpretation of Line Drawings

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 5: Pattern Understanding Methods

5.1 Pattern Understanding and Knowledge Representation

5.2 Pattern Matching and the Relaxation Method

5.3 Maximal Subgraph Isomorphism and Clique Method

5.4 Control in Pattern Understanding

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 6: Learning Concepts

6.1 Definition of a Concept

6.2 Methods for Concept Learning

6.3 Generalization of Well-Formed Formulas

6.4 Version Space

6.5 Conceptual Clustering

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 7: Learning Procedures

7.1 Learning Operators in Problem Solving

7.2 Learning Rules

7.3 Learning Programs

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 8: Learning Based on Logic

8.1 Explanation-Based Learning

8.2 Analogical Learning

8.3 Nonmonotonic Logic and Learning

Summary

Keywords

Exercises

Chapter 9: Learning by Classification and Discovery

9.1 Representing Instances by a Decision Tree

9.2 An Algorithm for Generating a Decision Tree

9.3 Selecting a Test in Generating a Decision Tree

9.4 Learning from Noisy Data

9.5 Learning by Discovery

9.6 Discovery of New Concepts and Rules

Summary

Exercises

Chapter 10: Learning by Neural Networks

10.1 Representing neural networks

10.2 Back Propagation

10.3 Competitive Learning

10.4 Hopfield Networks

10.5 Boltzmann Machines

10.6 Parallel Computation in Recognition and Learning

Summary

Exercises

Appendix: Examples of Learning by Neural Networks

Answers

Bibliography

Index

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