Using SAS Functions with Macro Variables
The %SYSFUNC Function
You have learned that by using the automatic macro variables
SYSDATE9 and SYSTIME you can include the date and time in a title:
title1 "Report Produced on &sysdate9"; title2 "at &systime";
SYSDATE9 represents
the date on which the SAS session started, and SYSTIME represents
the time at which the SAS session started. Suppose you would rather
see the date in some other format, or suppose you would rather see
the current date or time. You can use the %SYSFUNC function to execute
other SAS functions as part of the macro facility.
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General form, %SYSFUNC
function:
%SYSFUNC (function
(argument(s)) <,format>)
function
is the name of the
SAS function to execute.
argument(s)
is one or more arguments
that are used by function.
Use commas to separate all arguments. An argument can be a macro variable
reference or a text expression that produces arguments for a function.
format
is an optional format
to apply to the result of function.
By default, numeric results are converted to a character string using
the BEST12. format, and character results are used as they are, without
formatting or translation.
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All SAS functions
can be used with %SYSFUNC except
| ALLCOMB | LEXCOMB |
| ALLPERM | LEXCOMBI |
| DIF | LEXPERK |
| DIM | LEXPERM |
| HBOUND | MISSING |
| INPUT | PUT |
| IORCMSG | RESOLVE |
| LAG | SYMGET |
| LBOUND | Variable information functions |
Note: Variable information functions
include functions such as VNAME and VLABEL. For a complete list of
variable information functions, see "Functions and CALL Routines
by Category" in SAS Functions and CALL Routines: Reference.
Note: You can use the INPUTC or INPUTN function
in place of the INPUT function. Similarly, you can use the PUTC or
PUTN function in place of the PUT function with %SYSFUNC.
Quoting with %QSYSFUNC
As with macro character functions,
if the argument for a %SYSFUNC function contains special characters
or mnemonic operators, you must use the quoting version of the function.
The %QSYSFUNC function has the same syntax as the %SYSFUNC function.
%QSYSFUNC works the same as %SYSFUNC except that it also masks mnemonic
operators and special characters in the function result.
Example
Suppose you want to
create a report title that includes the current date in WORDDATE.
format. You could use this statement:
title "Report Produced on %sysfunc(today(),worddate.)";
However, that would
result in the following title:
Report Produced on November 4, 2011
Note: The extra blanks are displayed
in the listing output. The blanks are not displayed in an HTML output.
The extra blanks are
from the default length of the WORDDATE. format. You need to left-justify
the resulting formatted date. You cannot nest functions within %SYSFUNC,
but you can use a %SYSFUNC for each function that you need, as shown
in this example:
title "Report Produced on
%sysfunc(left(%sysfunc(today(),worddate.)))";
However, this statement
results in the following error message.
ERROR: The function LEFT referenced by the %SYSFUNC or
%QSYSFUNC macro function has too many arguments. |
The LEFT
function expects only one argument, but you are passing “November
4, 2011” to it. It interprets the comma as the delimiter between
two arguments.
You can mask the comma
by using the %QSYSFUNC function instead, as follows:
title "Report Produced on
%sysfunc(left(%qsysfunc(today(),worddate.)))";The modified statement
generates the following title:
Report Produced on November 4, 2011
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