Subject index
Advertising, Internet, 387
Airline reservation systems, 97–8
Alignment, 65–7, 241–2, 261–3, 265–303, 312, 446
evolutionary change, 319, 336, 339–40
post-revolutionary change, 319, 338–9
punctuated equilibrium model, 312, 318–19, 336–41
revolutionary change, 319, 337–8, 339, 340, 341
goal alignment, 162
influencing factors, 265–6, 268–72, 282–95
communication between business and IT executives, 269, 270–1, 275–6, 301, 302
connections between business and IT planning, 269, 271, 276–7, 297–300
IT implementation success, 269, 272, 278
shared domain knowledge, 269, 271–2, 277–8, 301
intellectual dimension of, 267
IS organization alignment, 158
IT evaluation and, 597
long-term, 273–5, 281, 291–5, 296–7
measurement of, 275–8, 297–300, 307–10
recommendations for practitioners, 301–3
short-term, 273–5, 281–91, 296–7
social dimension of, 267–8, 269, 273
theoretical patterns of, 316–18
Allied Dunbar, 249
Amadeus Coalition, 97
Amazon.com, 378
American Airlines, 158
American Hospital Supply Co., 158
American Meat Exchange (AME), 364, 368
Andersen Consulting, 220
AOL, 398
Applications architecture, 73
Architectures:
client–server architecture, 23
information architecture, 156, 217
information systems architecture (ISA), 104
Internet architecture, 392
organizational architecture, 73
systems (applications) architecture, 73
technical architecture, 73
Artificial intelligence (AI), 18
Asda Superstores, 433
Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), 436
AUCNET for used-car trading, Japan, 349, 359–61, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370
Auction Bidding System (ABS), 351
Auction markets, 349
Information Auctioning, 361–3, 364–5, 366, 367, 368–9
Internet auctions, 382
Slide Auctions, 369
Video Auctioning, 369
Australia:
key MIS issues, 155
Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation (AMLC), 357, 359, 366, 367
Authority for Uniform Specification of Meat and Livestock (AUS-MEAT), 366
Automobile retailing, See Car industry
Barnes & Noble, 400
Bloemenveiling Aalsmeer (VBA), 361–3, 366, 367
Boeing, 443
Brands, Internet, 385
Brazil, 164
British Aerospace (BAe), 436
British Petroleum (BP), 95
Bubble-Up solution management technology, 566, 567, 570
Business environment, See Environment
Business Information Analysis and Integration Technique, 221
Business Information Characterization Study, 221
Business network redesign (BNR), 435
Business process redesign (BPR), 351–2, 355, 368, 440–2, 583, 592
See also Market process reengineering (MPR) Business strategy, 65, 107–8, 315, 427
IS strategy alignment, See Alignment
Business structure, See Organizational structure
Business systems planning (BSP), 72, 218, 219
Business transformation planning, 449–51
CALM (Computer Aided Livestock Marketing), Australia, 349, 356–9, 365, 366, 367, 369
Canadian life insurance companies, 268, 272–3, 282–95, 300
Car industry:
Internet and, 382
used-car trading, Japan, 359–61, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370
CASE (computer-aided software engineering) technology, 158, 159, 194
Castrol, UK, 93
CATS (Computer Assisted Trading System) meat trading system, USA, 349, 363–4, 365, 366, 368, 369
Centralization of decision making, 473–5, 500
Centralized organizational structure, 94–5, 315, 500–1
obstacles to advocate role, 135
facilitator model, 125–30, 134
traditional IS change-agent model, 118–25, 134
Change management, 114–15, 446, 451–3
business transformation planning, 449–51
human resource initiatives, 451–3
organizational redesign, 451
See also Change agentry
Channel conflict, 393
Citibank, 402
Client–server architecture, 23
CODASYL, 10
equity collaborations, 97
non-equity collaborations, 97
Communication, 275
between business and IT executives, 269, 270–1, 301, 302
between IS department and end users, 161–2
learning and, 505
Communication technologies, 460–1
See also Computer-assisted communication technologies;
Information technology (IT);
Telecommunications Company Acts, 429
Compass, 602
Competitive advantage, 158, 162, 252–3
operational effectiveness, 389
sustainable, 380
Computer-assisted communication technologies, 461, 462
at organizational level, 474–8
on organizational intelligence, 482–3
on organizational memory, 479–80
Computer-assisted decision-aiding technologies, 461, 462, 470–1
at organizational level, 474–8
on organizational memory, 479–80
Computers, 3
micro computers, 14
mini computers, 7
obsolescence of equipment in underdeveloped nations, 170–1
programming, 5–6, 8–9, 11, 18, 220
See also Information technology
Contingency theory, 313, 430–1
Coordinated federation organizational structure, 95–6, 97
Coordination, global firms, 90, 103
Corning, 433
Corporate databases, 11–12, 106–7
Corporate strategy, 65, 430, 449–50
Cost-benefit analysis, 251–2, 410–13, 415
Credibility, 115
change management and, 115, 122–3
Critical success factor (CSF) analysis, 220, 221, 246
organizational form, 445, 448, 449
See also Organizational culture
Customer relationship management (CRM), 394
Customer Resource Life Cycle, 221
Customer support/service, 555–7
evolution of for complex products, 557–9
World Wide Web use, 581
CVS, 389
Data warehouses, 582
Database management systems (DBMS), 10
corporate database, 11–12, 106–7
relational database, 11
Decentralized organizational structure, 92, 99, 315, 500–1
Decision making, 462, 483–4, 500, 501–3
advanced information technology effects, 483–4
organizational levels involved, 475–6
nodes in information-processing network, 476–8
size and heterogeneity of decision units, 470–1
See also Computer-assisted decision-aiding technologies
Decision support systems (DSS), 18, 52, 54, 57, 484, 501–3, 508, 509
Dell Computers, 434
Developing nations, 164–9, 174
Digital Equipment Corporation, 484
See also Electronic markets
Distance learning, 380
Division of labour, 430
Dot.com companies, 379, 386, 401
Dow Chemicals, 433
EBay, 382
ECollege, 402
Internet and, 380
Education, See Training
Edward Jones, 399
See also Electronic markets
Electronic data interchange (EDI), 1, 24, 25, 102, 394, 435
Electronic mail (e-mail), 19, 25
Electronic markets, 347–8, 350–1
barriers to adoption, 355–6, 364–8
electronic product description, 365–6
thin market, 367
increased transaction effectiveness and efficiency, 353–5
See also Market process reengineering (MPR) End-user computing, 15
Ends/Means Analysis, 221
Energy audit:
Enterprise model, 156
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, 392, 394, 405
global information systems and, 101–2, 104–5
regulatory environments, 101–2
Equity collaborations, 97
Ericsson, 95
Europe, key MIS issues, 153–4, 155
Evaluation, of IT, See Information technology (IT)
Executive information systems (EIS), 54, 57, 450, 498, 501–3, 508–9, 518
Explicit knowledge, 504–5, 506
Exxon, 95
Feasibility evaluation, 246–8, 256, 597
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 351, 371
Finnish paper industry, 98
Fleet, 402
Florist industry, Netherlands, 361–3
Ford, 435
FORTRAN, 5
Galileo Coalition, 97
Gap analysis, 445
Geico, 396
General Electric (GE), 95, 97, 396
General Motors (GM), 26, 433, 473
Global information management strategy, 89, 102–8
alignment with global business strategy, 107–8
data management strategy and architecture, 105–7
network management strategy and architecture, 104–5
Global information systems (GIS), 100–8
business environment and, 101, 104–5
infrastructure and, 101
regulatory environments, 101–2
Transborder Data Flow (TBDF) regulations, 102
Global strategy, 92
alignment with GIS management strategy, 107–8
Globalization, 89–100, 108, 151–2, 428
business environment changes and, 91–100
coordination control strategy evolution, 98–100
global strategy/structure evolution, 92–8
Goal alignment, 162
Goals, 390
Government intervention, 172, 175–6
Group Decision Support System (GDSS), 502
Groupware, 449
HAM (Hog Auction Market), Singapore, 372
Hilton, 95
Holland, See Netherlands Hong Kong, 174
TradeLink, 101
Horizontal integration, 480
Horizontal organizations, 438–42
Human resources, 157, 166–7, 171–2
See also Training
Implementation:
executive information systems (EIS), 442, 503
information technology, 114
See also Change agentry
knowledge management systems, 518–20
strategic information system planning, 218–21
concerns, 187, 214, 222–3, 225–7
Industrial revolution, 429
Industry structure, 380
IndustryNet, 350
Information architecture, 156, 217
Information auctioning for potted plant trading,
Netherlands, 349, 361–3, 364–5, 366, 367, 368–9
Information Engineering (IE), 220
Information management (IM), 2
strategy, 66
See also Global information management strategy
Information Quality Analysis, 221
Information strategy, 64, 65, 83–4
comparison with related research, 81–3
form and content, 72–3, 78–9, 81
management support, 162
objectives, 72
quality of input data, 167
See also IS strategy
Information systems (IS):
architecture (ISA), 104
competitive advantage and, 158, 162
development, 453
human resources, 157
organization alignment, 158
organizational learning and, 526–8, 549–5
productivity, 172
specification problems, 16
structure, 315
object-oriented concept, 22
quality management, 17
user friendly systems, 17
See also Executive information systems;
Global information systems (GIS);
Information technology (IT);
IS management;
IS strategy;
Management information systems (MIS);
Systems Information technology (IT), 1–2
advanced information technologies, 460, 461, 463
effects at organizational level, 473–8
effects at subunit level, 468–73
effects on decision making, 483–4
effects on organizational intelligence, 481–3
effects on organizational memory, 478–80
effects on other design variables, 480–1
competitive advantage and, 158, 162
evaluation, 240, 242–56, 589–91, 594–605
information economics approach, 251–5
learning cycle, 255
matching objectives, projects and techniques, 249–51
return on management (ROM), 248–9
systems lifecycle approach, 596–605
value chain analysis, 244
implementation, 114
See also Change agentry
investment, 239–41, 249–51, 256–7, 588–9, 594–5
technology management factors, 418
maturity, See ‘Stages of growth’ models mixed vendor shops, 171
organizational form and, 428
post-implementation reviews, 302, 602
resources, 71
routine work computerization, 163
strategic planning, 157
vision, 300
See also Information systems
Infrastructure:
global information systems and, 101
investments, 250
Innovation:
inside-out innovation, 246
valuation, 252
Input–process–output (IPO) model, 67–9
Insourcing, 605
Insurance industry:
Canada, 268, 272–3, 282–95, 300
Integrated digital network (IDN), 102
Integrated network organizational structure, 96, 99
Integrated systems digital network (ISDN), 23–4, 102
Intelligent knowledge-based systems (IKBS), 18
Inter-organizational systems (IOS), 435
Internal networks, 432
advertising, 387
architecture, 392
auctions, 382
brands, 385
competitive advantage and, 388–91
operational effectiveness, 389
distorted market signals, 377–9
future of Internet competition, 386–8
Internet Mall, 350
Internet Shopping Network, 350
Interorganizational design, 97–8, 99
Investment:
information technology, 239–41, 249–51, 256–7, 588–9, 594–5
infrastructure, 250
IS, See Information systems
IS management, 404
contingency perspective, 313
life-cycle theories, 313
punctuated equilibrium model, 313–14
universalistic theories, 313
IS strategy, 27–9, 64–84, 316, 448, 450–1
business strategy alignment, See Alignment multiple methodology, 245–6
See also Information strategy; ‘Stages of growth’ models
IT, See Information technology
Japan:
financial-industrial groups, 434
used-car trading, 359–61, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370
Japanese companies, 94
Japanese Used Car Dealer Association (JUCDA), 368, 370
Johari Window, 506
Joint application development (JAD), 126
Juniper, 398
Just-in-time (JIT), 439
IT knowledge, 277
knowledge processes, 528–30, 531
management, 497
See also Knowledge management systems (KMS)
organizational knowledge systems, 526–31
shared domain knowledge, 269, 271–2, 301
changing epistemic communities, 539
Knowledge management systems (KMS), 504, 508, 509
organizational culture and, 503–7, 510–18
behavioral perspective, 512–14
Landmark Study (1990), 241
Land's End, 396
Learning organizations, See Organizational learning Legacy systems, 602
Life-cycle approach, 15–16, 313
Livestock trading, Australia, 356–9
Local area networks (LANS), 23
Taurus system, 589
Machine lubricant industry, 93
Maintenance:
software, 168
Management information systems (MIS), 11–14, 152, 498, 508, 509
appreciation of MIS contribution, 165–6
educating senior managers about, 167
developing nations, 164–9, 174
model of country specific issues, 173–6
newly industrialized nations, 159–64, 174–5
underdeveloped nations, 169–73
organizational structure and, 500–1
quality of input data, 167
standards, 172
training, 167
Management science (MS), 5
Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRPII) information system, 404–18
bespoke system development, 414–17
cost/benefit analysis, 410–13, 415
Marine engine lubricant industry, 94–5
Market process reengineering (MPR), 347, 349, 351–6
decoupling product flow from market transactions, 351–3
management implications, 368–70
preparation for resistance and retaliation, 369–70
quick achievement of critical mass, 369
standard product quality rating and inspection, 368–9
barriers to electronic market adoptions, 355–6, 364–8
increased transaction effectiveness and efficiency, 353–5
Market-making firms, 348, 349–50
business process redesign, 352
electronic market systems for, 350–1
See also Electronic markets
Marriott, 95
Matrix management, 444
Matsushita, 94
Measurement:
alignment, 275–8, 297–300, 307–10
information strategy effects, 73–4
IT evaluation, See Information technology (IT)
Meetings, decision making and, 471–3
Memory search, 478
Method/1, 220
Micro computers, 14
Midland Bank, 449
Migration management, 446
See also Change management
Motorola, 452
Multimedia applications, 25
Multinational strategy, 92, 99
National Health Service (NHS), UK, 432–3
Netherlands:
Networks, 23–4, 96, 99, 431–5, 437–8
business network redesign (BNR), 435
electronic data interchange (EDI), 24
integrated digital network (IDN), 102
integrated systems digital network (ISDN), 23–4, 102
internal networks, 432
local area networks (LANS), 23
stable networks, 432
value-added networks (VANs), 24
wide-area networks (WANS), 23
Newly industrialized countries (NIC), 159–64, 174–5
Nike, 434
Non-equity collaborations, 97
Normalization, 10
Object-oriented concept, 22
Objectives:
information strategy, 72
strategic information system planning, 184–5, 217
OnePage, 384
Operational effectiveness, 388, 389
Operational research (OR), 5
Organizational architecture, 73
Organizational culture, 534
knowledge management systems and, 503–7, 510–18
behavioral perspective, 512–14
See also Culture
Organizational design (OD):
organizational redesign, 451
Organizational environment, See Environment Organizational form, 427–8, 429, 431, 444–8, 449
horizontal organizations, 438–42
new perspectives, 431
See also Organizational structure
Organizational intelligence, 467
advanced information technology effects, 481–3
Organizational knowledge systems, 526–31
Organizational learning, 72, 157, 195, 442–3, 505–6
customer support and, 580
generative learning, 442
information systems and, 526–8, 549–50
levels of, 547
See also Knowledge
persistence of, 549
Organizational structure, 92–8, 315, 429–31
coordinated federation, 95–6, 97
decentralized, 92, 99, 315, 500–1
interorganizational design, 97–8, 99
management information systems and, 500–1
business network redesign (BNR), 435
semistructure, 315
Organizational vision, 445, 448–9
Organizations, 429
Packages, 15
Paper industry, Finland, 98
PASCAL, 9
PayPal, 384
Pennzoil, 93
Personal Communications Service (PCS) licenses, 351
Personnel, See Human resources Phillips, 92
Plain Cotton Cooperative Association (PCCA), 372
Planning:
business systems planning (BSP), 72, 218, 219
business transformation planning, 449–51
enterprise resource planning (ERP), 392, 394, 405
See also Strategic information system planning (SISP)
Portfolio Management, 221
Post-implementation reviews, 302, 602
Potted plant trading, Netherlands, 361–3
Prescription drug business, 397
Price Waterhouse, 443
Prioritization, 597
Procter and Gamble, 89, 95, 96, 433
Production Planning and Control (PPC) system, 409–10, 413, 414
Profitability, Internet impact on, 381–2
Programming, 5–6, 8–9, 11, 18, 220
Punctuated equilibrium model, 312, 313–14, 318–19, 336–41
Quaker State, 93
Quality management:
in system development, 17
Information Quality Analysis, 221
input data, 167
RDC, 602
Record industry, 393
Reebok, 434
Regulatory environments, 101–2
Relational databases, 11
Return on management (ROM), 248–9
Risk:
IS infrastructure, 253
Rule-based systems, 18
‘Seven Ss’ concept, 42, 43, 57
Shared domain knowledge, 269, 271–2, 301
Shell, 95
Sheraton, 95
Siemens, 433
Silicon chips, 14
TradeNet, 101
Singer Sewing Machine company, 557
Slide Auctions, 369
Smart cards, 25
Society for Information Management (SIM), 154
Software:
maintenance, 168
obsolescence in underdeveloped nations, 171
packaged applications software availability, 168–9
standards, 168
Sourcing options evaluation, 602–5
See also Outsourcing
Soviet Union, 165
Specialization, 481
SQL (Structured Query Language), 102
‘Stages of growth’ models, 33–61
Standardization, 481
telecommunications, 102
Storage Dimensions, 555, 558, 559–60, 579–80
customer support challenge, 559–61
TechConnect support system, 555, 564–78, 579–80
as an adaptive learning IT infrastructure, 565–9
Bubble-Up solution management technology, 566, 567, 570
future challenges, 578
impacts and value assessment, 573–8
Strategic information system planning (SISP), 19, 66, 181–2, 216–32
approaches to, 189–206, 217–18, 230
administrative approach, 192–3, 196–203
align approach, 230
business-led approach, 189–91, 196–9, 201–3
impact approach, 230
method-driven approach, 191–2, 196–9, 201–3
organizational approach, 194–206
technological approach, 193–4, 196–203, 205
benefits of, 185
concerns/problems with, 186–8, 202, 213–14, 223–30, 236–7
implementation, 187, 214, 222–3, 225–7
Business Systems Planning (BSP), 218
concerns, 187, 214, 222–3, 225–7
Information Engineering (IE), 220
Method/1, 220
implications for practice, 205–6
implications for research, 204–5
success of, 185–6, 188, 201–2, 203–4
success factors, 188
Strategic planning, IT, 157
Strategic positioning, 388, 389–91
absence of Internet strategy, 391–2
business strategy, 65, 107–8, 315, 427
corporate strategy, 65, 430, 449–50
data management strategy, 105–7
information management (IM) strategy, 66
information systems and, 241–6
multinational strategy, 92, 99
transnational strategy, 96, 99
See also Information strategy;
IS strategy Strategy Set Transformation, 221
Structuring, 9
management information systems and, 500–1
See also Organizational structure
Success factors:
strategic information system planning, 188
See also Critical success factor (CSF) analysis Supply chain management (SCM), 394
SWIFT (Society for Worldwide International Funds Transfer), 102
Switching costs, 384
SWOT analysis, 72
System development, See Information systems System strategy, See IS strategy Systems, 18–19
expert systems, 18
integration, 163
rule-based systems, 18
See also Information systems;
Specific types of systems
Systems architecture, 73
Systems theory, 430
Taiwan, 174
Taurus system, 589
TechConnect, See Storage Dimensions Technical architecture, 73
Technological determinism, 119
Technology infrastructure, 157–8, 163
See also Information technology (IT)
Technology management gap, 405
See also Information technology (IT)
Telecommunications, 19
regulatory environments, 101–2
standards, 102
systems, 159
Theory, 485
Total quality management (TQM), 436
Toyota, 94
Trade-offs, 390
TradeLink, Hong Kong, 101
TradeNet, Singapore, 101
Training, 140
MIS staff, 167
Transaction cost economics, 371
Transaction processing systems, 7, 13–14, 500
Transborder Data Flow (TBDF) regulations, 102
Transnational strategy, 96, 99
Uncertainty:
definitional, 253
technical, 253
United Airlines, 158
USA:
IS/IT expenditure, 594
User friendliness, 17, 164, 167
Value acceleration, 251
Value chain, 390
Value chain analysis, 221, 244
Value engineering, 436
Value linking, 251
Value proposition, 390
Value-added networks (VANs), 24
Value-adding partnerships (VAPs), 433
Vanguard, 396
Video Auctioning, 369
Virtual Bank, 398
Virtual enterprise, 386
Virtual reality, 25
Vitro, 433
Web advertising, 387
Web Shop, 350
Wells Fargo, 402
Wide-area networks (WANS), 23
World Wide Web (WWW), 25–6, 350
customer support and, 581
W.W. Grainger, 396
XML standards, 384