Index

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures; page numbers in bold refer to tables.

accurate visual representation (AVR) 68

active frontages 22, 24, 80, 84, 85, 164, 165, 166

adaptable buildings and places 24–5, 170

aerial perspectives 69

aesthetics 27–30, 152, 153

agents 50

air conditioning 111

animations 69–70

appearance of place 27–30, 152, 153

archaeological interest 119

architect’s role 59, 60

architectural detailing 44, 181

artworks 98, 168

axonometric drawings 65, 66, 67, 68

backfill 79

back-to-back 83

balconies 89, 90

basement extensions 81

bedspaces per hectare 40

Better Streets 125

biodiversity 100–1

boundary treatments 97

brownfield sites 176

buffer zones 87, 89

building conservation 115–22

building height 36, 41, 77, 109 (see also tall buildings)

building orientation 89

Building Regulations 88, 89, 90, 110, 111

building regulations submission 56

building significance 117–18, 119, 120–1

Built for Life 94

bulk 36

bus services 178

bus stands 163, 171

car parking

for housing 35, 80, 85–6, 94

new developments 182

parking pads 130

for tall buildings 157

town centres 129, 163, 165, 169

carbon emissions 110

character of place 30–2, 179, 181

civic centres 167–9

climate change 110–14

collaborative working 51–2

communal space 90–1

community engagement 48, 53, 60, 134

computer-generated imagery 68–9

concept design stage 55

conceptual graphics 63, 64

connected streets 19, 24, 83, 85, 100

conservation 115–22

conservation areas 118, 120

construction stage 56

consultants 50

context 75, 77, 121

contractors 52

conversion of existing buildings 24, 170

corner buildings 75, 76

courtyard homes 91, 92, 93

cross-sections 65

cul-de-sacs 19, 34, 35, 83

cycle parking 80, 96, 171

cycle space 127

cycling 163, 177–8

daylight 78–9, 106–10, 151–2

daylighting rights 41, 108

delivery vehicles 163

density 25–6, 37–43

large-scale developments 179

town centres 166–7

design and access statements 56

design codes 55, 80–1, 174, 175

design guidance 80–1

design intention 58

design process 58–9, 60

design quality 56, 58

design-and-build 52

desire lines 100

detailing 44, 181

developed design stage 55–6

developer teams 51–2

development form 13, 33–44 (see also density)

development parameters 41, 80, 174

large-scale developments 179

layout 24, 33–6

materials 43–4, 126, 150

scale 36–7, 167

small-scale development 77

development sites 75, 176

district heating 112

drainage 97, 114

drawings 61–71

dwellings per hectare 40, 41

edge of a development 174, 176

efficient places 25–7

electric vehicles 112

elevation drawings 67

embodied energy 110–11

emotional responses to place 14

enabling development 120

energy efficiency 110

energy generation 110

energy performance certificates (EPCs) 110

energy strategy 26

entrances 156–7

environmental issues 105–14

climate change 110–14

daylight and sunlight 78–9, 106–10, 151–2

wind effects on microclimates 105–6, 107, 150–1

estate regeneration 42, 43, 136, 181

extensions to houses 81, 82

extensions to towns 173–82

external lighting 98

external walls 43–4

eye-level perspectives 69

facades 36, 181

and daylighting 107

new construction behind 120

small-scale development 77–8, 79

tall buildings 151, 158

fee payments 58

fencing 97

financial issues 50–1

flexibility 24–5, 170

flooding 112, 114

floor area ratio 41

floor-to-ceiling heights 78, 158, 160

fly-throughs 69–70

footways 95–7, 100, 126, 131

form see development form

front garden hedges 77

front-to-front 83

grain 33

graphics 61–71

masterplans 173, 174

street design 128, 129

greenfield sites 176

grids 35

gross housing density 38, 40

habitable rooms per hectare 40, 41

heat island effect 109, 112

heights see building height; floor-to-ceiling heights; tall buildings

heritage assets 115–22, 160

heritage at risk 121

heritage statements 121

highway engineering 124, 129, 130–1, 182 (see also vehicle movement)

Historic England 117–18, 121, 122

historic environment 115–22, 126

homebuilders 49–50

hotels 158, 160

house extensions 81, 82

housing 83–94 (see also estate regeneration)

housing types and design trends 91–2

inside the home 88–91

street structure and urban layout 83–8

Housing and Planning Act 2016 45

housing associations 50

housing density 38, 40, 41, 91–2, 166–7

housing types 91

human factors 14

human scale 167

identity of place 29–32

incremental development 173, 176

indoor climates 89

infill sites 75–7

infrastructure strategies 13

institutional landowners 49

internal layout 88–9

land for development 176

landowners 49–50

landscaping 95–104 (see also planting)

large-scale schemes 13, 173–82

layout of streets and spaces 24, 33–6 (see also connected streets; internal layout)

leftover space 25, 77, 83, 100

legibility of place 20, 177

legislation 45

light pollution 108

lighting 98, 107

listed buildings 118, 119

lobbies 156–7

local design guidance 55, 81, 174, 175

local planning authority (LPA) 51, 54

local plans 46

locally listed buildings 118–19

Manual for Streets 123, 131

masonry 43–4

massing 36, 77

masterplans 13, 173–4

materials 43–4, 126, 150

medium scale plans 14

microclimate 105–6, 150–1

mix of uses and activities 15–16, 17, 165–6

movement 18–21, 176–7, 181–2 (see also pedestrian movement; vehicle movement)

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 11, 12–13

community engagement 55

development form 33

historic environment 117–18, 120, 121

place characteristics 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 32

planning 53

natural light see daylight

neighbourhood centres 166 (see also town centres)

neighbourhood gross area 40

neighbourhood plans 13, 45, 53

net residential density 38, 40

new developments 173–82

office buildings 158

open spaces 22, 37–8, 88 (see also public spaces)

daylighting 108

landscaping 95–104

new developments 179

orientation of building 89

outdoor space (housing) 79, 89, 90, 91

outlook 78–9

overheating 111

overlooking 78, 80, 85

parking see car parking

passive solar design 111–12

paths 95–7, 100

pavements 131

paving 95–7 (see also tactile paving)

pedestrian comfort 20, 106, 144

pedestrian movement 18–20, 142, 144

footways 95–7, 100, 126, 131

new developments 177–8

shopping loops 165

town centres 161–2

perimeter blocks 33–5, 38, 39

permeability 19, 24, 83, 85, 100

phasing of development 181

photomontage 69

place characteristics 12–13, 15–32 (see also movement; public spaces; streets)

adaptable buildings and places 24–5, 170

efficiency 25–7

fit for purpose 16, 18

identity of place 29–32

mix of uses and activities 15–16, 17, 165–6

visual appearance 27–30, 152, 153

plan-making 46–7

planner’s role 59, 60

planning 45

planning applications

amendments to the design 58

decision-taking 47–8

deemed consent 45

graphics 63–70

level of detail 56–8

neighbourhood plans 45

open space 99

permission in principle 45

planning process 56, 58

protecting design quality 56, 58

planning briefs 51

planning obligations and payments 50–1, 58

planning policies 45, 55

Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) 11, 123

planning process 56, 58

plans 61–71

planting 81, 86, 87, 95, 100–4

play spaces 88

plot ratio 41

podium parks 158

podiums 156

politicians’ role 54, 60

pollution flushing 106, 151

pre-application discussions 51, 54, 55

privacy 78, 79, 88, 89

private amenity space 79, 89, 90, 91

professional roles 50, 59, 60

professional teams 51–2

project stages 55–6

public art 98, 168

public engagement 48, 53, 60, 134

public policy objectives 11–12

public spaces 21–3, 137–46 (see also open spaces)

public transport 163 (see also transport infrastructure; transport interchanges)

PV panels 110

quality of materials 43–4, 126, 150

Radburn layout 35

recycling bins and boxes 79, 81, 86

redevelopment 176, 181

refurbishment 24, 170

refuse bins and boxes 79, 81, 86

regulations 46

renewable energy generation 110

residential density 38, 40, 41, 91–2, 166–7

residential towers 158, 159

resilient places 24

RIBA Plan of Work 2013 55

right to light 108

road junctions 131, 132, 135 (see also highway engineering; vehicle movement)

road user segregation 126, 132–4

roles in the design process 59, 60

roof gardens 91

roofline 41, 77, 78

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) 58

safety 80

scale 36–7, 167 (see also large-scale schemes; small-scale development)

scale drawings 65, 71

sculpture 98, 168

seating 20, 98, 144, 146

Section 106

agreements 50–1, 53, 58

section drawings 65, 67

Secured by Design 80, 90

security 80, 85, 90, 154

sense of place 12–13

servicing areas 15, 157

shared space 90–1

shop frontages 37, 167, 168

shopping centres 165–6, 167, 178–9

shopping loops 165

shopping malls 165

shopping trends 169, 172

signage 46, 127, 167

significance of building 117–18, 119, 120–1

site plans 65, 66

siting the building 75

sky gardens 158

skybridges/skywalks 157–8

skyview 152

slab blocks 92, 93

small-scale developments 75–82

social housing 176

solar gain 111

solid-to-void ratio 28, 77–8, 79

soundproofing 88–9

space within the home 90

spacing of buildings 79

spatial planning 166–7

specialist advice 51, 52

stakeholders 49–54

standards 46

statutory plans 13

streets 123–36 (see also active frontages; car parking)

access routes 79

decluttering 127, 130

language of streets 130–4

layout 19, 24, 83, 85

pollution flushing 106, 151

residential 87–8

user hierarchy 130

user segregation 35, 126, 132–4

structure of development 179, 181

subjective responses to place 14

sunlight 78, 108, 151

surveying processes 58

surveyor’s role 59, 60

sustainable development 120

sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) 114

tactile paving 124–5, 134, 135

tall buildings 147–60

energy performance 110, 111

wind impacts 105, 150–1

taxis 163, 171

team working 51–2

technical design stage 56

technical graphics 67

terraced streets 38, 39, 92

tower blocks 92 (see also tall buildings)

town centres 161–71 (see also transport interchanges)

catchments and local movement 161–6

civic centres 167–9

spatial planning 166–7

trends 169–70

town extensions 173–82

traffic calming 46, 131

traffic in town centres 144, 163

traffic signs 46

transport infrastructure 177–8

transport interchanges 163, 167, 170–2

tree surveys 101

trees 102–4

underground services 125

urban grain 33

urban heat island 109, 112

urban layout 83–8 (see also development form)

utility meters 79

Vancouver block 38, 39

vehicle movement 144, 163, 177–8, 182 (see also highway engineering)

ventilation 89, 111

visual appearance 27–30, 152, 153

walkable neighbourhoods 18–20, 161–2

waste access plans 79, 87

waste storage and collection 79, 81, 86–7, 182

water features 97

way finding 20

well-connected layout 19, 24, 83, 85, 100

wind impacts 105–6, 106, 150–1

wind-driven rain 151

windows

and building orientation 89

and daylighting 107

fake 22, 24

small-scale development 77–8, 79, 80

solid-to-void ratio 28, 77–8, 79

workspaces 170

‘wrap the box’ 164, 165