Index
Note: Page numbers followed by “f” and “t” refers to figures and tables, respectively.
A
Adsorption layer media, mechanism of,
310–311
Alkaline fuel cell (AFC),
267
Anderson localization,
319,
322
Anisotropy magnetoresistance (AMR),
144,
155
Anti-fogging and self-cleaning coatings
photocatalytic oxidation technology for,
170
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD),
223
Artificial zeolite synthesis,
110–111
scanning modes, comparison of,
44,
45t
Auger electron spectroscopy (AES),
25–26
B
Bead array counter (BARC),
157
Bioanalysis
light-emitting QDs in,
238
Biocomposite nanomaterials,
223–224
Biological coupling technology,
216
Biological materials,
217
Biological molecules engineering technology,
216
Blue electroluminescence problem,
176
C
Cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells,
278–279
treatment
magnetic nanoparticles in,
223
chip thermal/heat protection,
81
high-energy capacitor,
81
high-energy microbattery,
81
nanocomposite materials,
81–82
characteristics of,
54–57
electrical characteristics,
55
mechanical properties,
54–55
thermal properties,
55–56
chemical properties,
56–57
complementary nongate (inverter) circuit with,
76–78
electronic structure of,
57–60
π-electron orbit and energy of,
57–59
field emission cathode materials,
79–80
single-electron transistor with,
74–75
superconducting phenomenon of,
56
Carrier diffusion effect,
164
Ceramic-based nanocomposites,
110
Characteristics of nanomaterials,
5–12
Characterization and analysis of nanomaterials,
25
atomic force microscopy,
43–46
working principle of,
43–44
electrical properties,
28–30
magnetic properties,
30–32
mechanical properties,
32–33
optical properties,
37–38
scanning probe microscopy (SPM),
38–43
working principles of,
39
thermal properties,
33–36
Chemical bonding, mechanism of,
310
Chemical colloidal method,
93
Chip thermal/heat protection,
81
CNT based field-effect transistor,
75–76
CNT-based junction,
72–74
complementary nongate (inverter) circuit with,
76–78
single-electron transistor with,
74–75
Coating modification,
298
Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR),
144
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS),
77,
77–78
Composite catalyst, modified nanoparticles application in,
303–304
Composite coating, modified nanoparticles application in,
304
Composite fire-retardant materials,
303
Compound semiconductors,
274
Converse piezoelectric effect,
186
Copper indium gallium diselenide,
277–278
Core–shell structure composite nanomaterials,
305–314
adsorption layer media, mechanism of,
310–311
chemical bonding, mechanism of,
310
biological macromolecules method,
307
polymerization chemical reaction,
306–307
surface deposition and surface chemical reaction method,
307–308
ultrasonic chemical method,
309
Coulomb’s electrostatic force, mechanism of,
310
material properties, changes in,
311–313
catalyst stability and changes in catalytic activity,
312
stability of particles, increase in,
311–312
Coulomb’s electrostatic force, mechanism of,
310
Curie–Weiss susceptibility law,
118
D
Deep ultraviolet region,
63
Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG),
35
Dielectric confinement effect,
21–23
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
25–26
proton-exchange membrane for,
269–270
Discontinuity of electron levels,
13–14
DNA
for assembly of nanoparticles,
325–326
equivalent model of DNA conduction,
322–324
molecular devices, advantages of,
324
DNA applications in molecular devices,
335
simplest equivalent model of,
322–324
as template to prepare molecular wire,
328–329
templates, driving force for self-assembly of,
326–328
Double-pass template,
140
Double-phase nanocomposite hard magnets,
129
Drug and gene carrier nanomaterials,
218–221
nanocapsules and nanospheres,
220
solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs),
220
Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells (DSSCs),
273–290
parameters for performance evaluation,
284–285
nanosemiconductor materials,
286–288
Dynamic seal of rotating shaft,
121
E
Einstein fluctuation–dissipation theorem,
333
Electrical characteristics, of CNT,
55
Electrical properties, detection and analysis of,
28–30
Embolism magnetic hyperthermia,
249
Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS),
25–26
Equivalent dispersion composite materials,
294–295
Excitons
energy band structure of,
88–90
F
Field emission cathode materials,
79–80
Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM),
25–26
Field-emission scanning transmission electron microscopy (FE-STEM),
25–26
Fossil energy, traditional,
255–256
proton-exchange membrane (PEM),
269–272
G
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR),
106,
109
magnetic resistance, classification and comparison of,
144–149
metal superlattice, GMR effects of,
150–152
Glass transition temperature,
34
Granular perpendicular medium,
109
electronic structure of,
59–60
H
Hartree–Folk (HF) method,
321
High-energy capacitor,
81
High-energy microbattery,
81
High-frequency microwave nanomagnetic materials,
129–132
High-performance storage appliances,
257
High-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM),
25–26,
51
High-temperature superconductors (HTSs),
195–196
Highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO),
321–322
Honda–Fujishima effect,
162
Hückel MO method (HMO method),
58–59
Hydrogen storage materials, technology status of,
259–264
Hydrogen storage methods,
259
magnetic materials for,
250
research progress of nanomagnetic materials in,
245–252
I
Immunoassay operations,
218
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS),
25–26
Inorganic nanoparticles,
217,
308
cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells,
278–279
copper indium gallium diselenide,
277–278
silicone thin-film solar cells,
279–280
Intracellular hyperthermia,
249
Invasive diagnosis, capabilities and intelligence of,
230
Island growth (Volmer-Weber (V-W)) mode,
93
J
K
assumption of ultrafine particles on electron-neutral,
15–16
hypothesis regarding degenerate Fermi liquid,
15
L
Lactic acid–acid polymers,
226
Layered growth (Frank-van der Merwe (F-M)) mode,
93
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs),
101,
176
Light-emitting QDs in bioanalysis,
238
Liposome magnetic hyperthermia,
249
Lithography and etching,
93
Low-temperature superconductors,
195
Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO),
321–322
Lubrication, modified nanoparticles application in,
304
Luminescence
M
Magnetic Exchange Coupling,
149–150
composition and properties of,
120t
magnetic nanoparticles in,
138
preparation of magnetic nanoparticles,
138
Magnetic force microscopy (MFM),
31
Magnetic microspheres,
124
Magnetic nanocomposite materials,
126–128
Magnetic nanomaterials,
106,
231
Magnetic properties
detection and analysis of,
30–32
Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM),
126,
127t
Mechanical crushing method,
133–135
Mechanical properties
of carbon nanotubes,
54–55
detection and analysis of,
32–33
Medical composite materials,
231
Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD),
94,
136
Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET),
62
Metal superlattice, GMR effects of,
150–152
Microelectronics technology and emergence of nanoelectronics, limits of,
62–65
Micromolecular motors,
335
Microwave technology,
246
Mitsubishi Corporation,
280
Mixed growth (Stranski-Krastanov (SK)) mode,
94
Modern biotechnology, defined,
216
Modified nanoparticles, application of,
303–305
in composite coating,
304
in composite fire-retardant materials,
303
in the field of lubrication,
304
technique with microwave,
179
Molecular devices, DNA applications in,
335
Molecular orbital (MO),
57
Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC),
267
Mossbauer spectroscopy,
25–26
N
proton-exchange membrane,
269,
271f
biocomposite nanomaterials,
223–224
drug and gene carrier nanomaterials,
218–221
nanocapsules and nanospheres,
220
solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs),
220
invasive diagnosis, capabilities and intelligence of,
230
medical composite materials,
231
targeted nanomedicine,
230
nanobiocomposite materials,
227
nanobioinorganic materials,
225–226
nanopolymeric biological material,
226–227
Nanocarbon materials,
225
Nanocrystal application technology,
258
Nanocrystalline permanent magnetic materials,
108
Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials,
108
electrical properties,
10–11
magnetic properties,
9–10
mechanical properties,
10
physical principles,
12–23
dielectric confinement effect,
21–23
discontinuity of electron levels,
13–14
quantum size effect,
16–17
thermal properties,
Nanogenerator, piezoelectric,
187–190
Nanomagnetic materials,
105
artificial and natural nanomagnetic materials,
106–108
double-phase nanocomposite hard magnets,
129
magnetic resistance, classification and comparison of,
144–149
metal superlattice, effects of,
150–152
high-frequency microwave nanomagnetic materials,
129–132
magnetic microspheres,
124
magnetic nanocomposite materials,
126–128
magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic fluid,
138
mechanical crushing method,
133–135
two-dimensional films,
126
Nanomagnetic particles,
226
Nanomagnetic recording materials,
108
Nanomagnetic refrigeration working fluid,
109
Nanomaterials, surface modification of,
295–305
coating modification,
298
Nanoprecision polishing, raw materials for,
110
Nanosemiconductor materials,
286–288
hydrogen storage methods,
259
incredible magnetic nanoclusters,
201–202
quantum fluctuations and strong correlation in nanowires,
202
superconductors and nanostructure, links between,
204
Nanothermal fluid technology,
257–258
Nanotube quantum wire,
71
Nanowater,
Natural nano-effect,
11–12
Nonvolatile computer memory (NVRAM),
126
Normal magnetoresistance (OMR),
144,
145
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),
25–26
O
Optical properties, detection and analysis of,
37–38
Optical properties, of nano-effect,
7–8
Organic compounds, surface modification with,
300–301
Organics, photocatalytic degradation reaction of,
171t
P
Particle size, detection and analysis of,
26–28
PEG-modified nanoparticles,
226
Perfect law of nanomaterials,
5–6
Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC),
267
Photocatalytic decomposition of water,
173
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD),
276–277
Plastics, nanoparticles application in,
303
Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC),
267
Polymer nanobiomaterials,
218
Polymer track etched template,
139
Polymerization chemical reaction,
306–307
Polymers, surface modification with,
301
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),
298–299
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA),
298
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP),
298
Porous glass granules,
225
Positive piezoelectric effect,
185
Precision grinding and polishing,
122
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC),
267
Q
in biological and medical analysis,
239–244
optical properties of zinc oxide,
181–182
Quantum magnetic disk (QMD),
124–125
Quantum size effect,
16–17
R
Radiofrequency hyperthermia,
246–247
Raman spectroscopy,
25–26
Renewable energy sources,
256
Rotary molecular motors,
332
Rubber, nanoparticles application in,
304–305
S
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM),
38–43,
229
working principles of,
39
Scanning tunneling electron microscopy (STEM),
25–26
Second neutral-atom mass spectroscopy (SNMS),
25–26
Secondary ion mass spectroscopy,
25–26
Self-assembly
core–shell structure composite,
309
Self-cleaning effect,
11,
12f
Semiconductor quantum dots,
83
excitons
energy band structure of,
88–90
laser devices based on,
96–100
quantum confinement effect,
84–87
chemical colloidal method,
93
lithography and etching,
93
Semiconductor silicon,
274
Sewage treatment, solar reactor for,
169–170
Silicone thin-film solar cells,
279–280
Single-electron effect,
65
Single-electron transistor (SET),
65–71
Single-electron tunneling effect,
66
Single-layer graphite material,
52–53
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs),
51,
262
Solar cells
cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells,
278–279
copper indium gallium diselenide,
277–278
silicone thin-film solar cells,
279–280
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs),
220
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC),
267
Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (SPEFC),
267
Solvent-controlled deposition,
308
Sonochemical methods,
309
Speakers, magnetic fluids and,
121–122
SSA (specific surface area) diameter,
26–28,
27
Static electricity microscopy,
43
and nanostructure
Surface chemical reaction method,
307–308
Surface deposition techniques,
307–308
Surface modifier of nanoparticles,
299–301
T
Thermal dilatometer analyzer,
33
Thermal properties, detection and analysis of,
33–36
Thermogravity analysis (TGA),
35
Thermomechanical analyzer,
33
Titanium and zirconium materials,
261
Titanium dioxide (TiO
2),
225
basic properties of,
163t
photocatalysis, development of,
162
as photocatalytic material,
169–173
thin films, preparation methods,
167t
Titanium–iron system,
260
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
25–26,
229
Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR),
126
Two-dimensional films,
126
Two-dimensional nanowire array,
139–142
carbon nanotube template method,
139
double-pass template,
140
polymer track etched template,
139
second anodization to prepare the Al
2O
3 template,
139–140
zeolite-type ordered template,
139
U
Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS),
25–26
V
Valence-bond adsorption,
307
Vehicle hydrogen storage systems,
259
Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM),
25–26
W
Wastewater treatment, solar reactor used for,
171t
X
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS),
25–26
X-ray diffraction (XRD),
25–26
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),
25–26
Z
Zeolite-type ordered template,
139
Zero-dimensional electronic system,
86–87
Zinc oxide (ZnO)
MBE technique with microwave,
179
piezoelectric application of,
185–190