Afghanistan, 86
Africa, 14, 16–18, 102, 234, 237–38
all-under-heaven, 28–31, 42–52, 65, 72, 85–87, 98, 129–32, 166, 185–86, 217–18
alliance: in ancient China, 7, 16, 71, 81, 111, 121–22, 124, 128, 131–35, 142, 147, 192–93; in the contemporary world, 68, 105, 131, 142, 170. See also covenant; Horizontal Link; Vertical Union
Andropov, Yuri (1914–1984), 66
annexation, 7, 22–23, 27, 41, 44, 46, 82, 84, 86, 89, 114, 117, 120, 122, 128–31, 134–35, 150, 167–68, 214, 274n9
appointing/employing the worthy, 5, 7, 10, 53–55, 57, 59, 139
area cooperation, 180
Asian Tigers, 153
authenticity of ancient texts, 77, 152, 156, 164, 202–3, 261, 269n1
Bai Qi, 125
Ban Gu, 160
Bao Shu, 185
benevolence, 28, 31, 34, 38, 40, 46, 49–54, 57–58, 65, 82, 87, 115, 126, 162–64, 167–70, 172–74, 180, 186, 209, 275n8; and justice, 38, 41, 43, 47, 49, 54, 60–62, 110, 157, 167, 169, 172, 176–79, 209, 275n13
Berkeley (university), 235–37, 242, 254
Bo (Henan: Nan Qiu), 49, 87, 90, 115, 170
Bo Pass, 133
Britain, Great. See United Kingdom
Bush, George W., 6–7, 66, 87, 101, 124, 210, 214
Buzan, Barry, 147, 203, 253, 274n13
capability, 14, 53, 67, 101, 104, 106, 138, 213
carbon dioxide, 9, 63, 214, 220
Chen Shui-bian, 242
Cheng of Zhou, King, 73
Chicago School, 253
China
—democracy, 219
—diplomacy: with Africa, 81, 102; with developing nations, 69; with United Nations 68, 81, 180; with United States, 80–81, 152–53, 210, 219–20, 239, 242–43
—foreign policy, 21, 23, 64, 66, 80–81, 100, 143, 152–53, 162, 178–80, 217–21, 238, 243, 246
—Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 179
—history: ancient, 22–24, 83, 90, 103–4, 147–48, 161–62, 182–83, 202–3, 218; medieval, 153, 251; modern, 210; recent, 100, 199, 215, 231–33, 239–41, 250–51
—national sovereignty, 153
—policy: economic development, 69, 101–2, 142, 216; personnel, 67, 103, 143; reform, 80, 100; security, 63–64, 236, 238
—power: comprehensive state/national, 12, 53, 78, 100–102, 112–14, 137–38, 142, 183, 184, 187, 211; political, 181, 210, 216–17; soft, 102, 153; status of, 62, 143, 215; super, 99, 216
—rise of, vii, 3, 5, 13, 16, 65–70, 99–100, 102–6, 137, 142–44, 149, 153, 179, 199, 203–4, 215–19, 239
—special characteristics of, 62
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 128
Chinese Communist Party, 13, 16, 100–101, 143, 200, 211, 219, 239
Chu (state), 54, 78, 83, 90, 112, 114–15, 121–22, 128–29, 132–33, 135–37, 171–72, 211, 225
Chun Shen, Prince of, 115, 119
climate change, 9, 63, 216. See also carbon dioxide
Cline, Ray S., 78
Clinton, Bill, 65–66, 214, 242
Cold War, 9, 63, 65, 68, 99, 105, 212, 220, 239
conflict, social, 29–30, 32, 92–93, 207
Confucius: and all-under-heaven, 44–45; analytical level, 26–28, 150, 205; biography of, 227; on conflict 34–35; and determinism, 29; on employment, 60; on hegemony, 5, 50–51; on just war, 35, 41; and morality, 41, 45, 53–54, 57–58; on rites, 37–38
conspiracy and plotting, school of, 217
Copenhagen School, 253
covenant, 8, 132; lord of the, 190–92. See also alliance
Cox, Robert W., 191
Cultural Revolution, 1, 101, 231, 241, 250–51
Daoism (Taoism), 22, 152, 200, 226, 253
democracy, 15–17, 68, 152, 218–19
Democracy Wall, 233
determinism: conceptual, 29–31, 73, 82, 206–7; economic, 13; internal-causal/internal-factor, 73–74, 209; materialist, 9, 29, 73, 206; moral, 79
diplomacy, 4, 23–24, 62, 108, 148, 273n2
disorder, 29–31, 37–38, 40–42, 55, 71, 93–95, 125–26, 162–63, 173, 205, 207
Douhet, Giulio, 184
dualism of concepts and matter, 30, 206
economy, 78–80, 100–101, 112, 138, 157, 182, 184, 190, 195, 215
education, 167, 176, 232, 235–37, 249, 251; political, 55–56, 150, 183
elections, 219
empire, 4, 65, 188–89. See also Qin (empire); Ummayad Empire
employment. See China: policy: personnel
equality, 11, 95, 105, 127, 140, 177, 213–14; of state sovereignty, 6, 11, 104, 140, 204
equity, 105. See also fairness
Europe, 63, 102, 153, 184, 202–3, 216, 220
European Union, 212
expansionism, 193
fairness, 100, 140. See also equity
Fan Li, 185
Fan Sui, 120
Five Hegemons (Hegemonic Lords/Lords/princes), 50, 89, 118, 148, 160, 168
Five Services, 71, 96–98, 105, 177
Florida School, 253
Fukuyama, Francis, 36
Gao Yan, 185
geographical advantages, 116–22
Germany, 13, 212; Nazi, 86, 99, 154
Gilpin, Robert T., 182
globalization, 4, 10, 67, 137, 143, 182
Goldstein, Joshua S., 182
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 66
Goujian of Yue, King (fifth of the Five Hegemons), 48, 89, 168, 185
Great Leap Forward, 101
Guan Yiwu. See Guanzi
Guan Yu, 135
Guan Zhong. See Guanzi
Guan Zhuangzi, 135
Guanzi (Guan Yiwu, Guan Zhong), 50–51, 73, 118–19, 185, 187, 226; analytical level of, 26–28, 150, 205; and all-under-heaven, 44–45; biography of, 187, 226; on conflict, 34–35, 38; and determinism, 29–30; on employment, 60; on hegemony, 4, 48–49; on morality, 39–41; on political power, 52, 55–56, 210; on state power, 188; on strategy, 59; on war, 38
Guo Moruo, 224
Guo Wei of Yan, 118
Han (state), 115, 121–22, 129–130, 132–34, 224–25
Han dynasty, 144, 148, 158, 165, 202, 224, 226
Han History, 156, 158, 160; Later Han History, 158
Han Quanzi, 133
Handan (capital of Zhao), 121, 125, 136
Hanfeizi: analytical level of, 26–28, 150, 205; biography of, 228; on conflict, 34, 38; and determinism, 9, 29; on hegemony, 47; on law, 55, 60–61; on morality, 4, 9, 12, 39–40, 63–64
Hao (Shaanxi: Xi’an), 49, 87, 90, 115, 170
Hass, Ernst, 254
Helü of Wu, King (fourth of the Five Hegemons), 48, 89, 168, 185, 192
hegemony: and China’s rise, 15–16, 23, 99, 106, 141, 152–53, 180, 188, 204, 210, 218–19, 245, 258; conditions for, 89; creativity in, 141, 184–88, 191, 215; cycles of, 190; definitions of, 6–8, 12, 15, 48, 54, 58, 71–72, 74, 90–91, 163, 182, 189, 194, 209–10; factors in, 112–19; geographic factors in 117, 120–22; kinds of, 118–19, 137–39, 187–88, 210–11; legitimacy of, 123–27, 140, 192–94; norms in, 7, 12, 30, 110, 122–27, 190–91; shifts in, 56–57, 139–40; in Stratagems of the Warring States, 107–44, 181–95; strategies for, 7, 111–12, 128–37; and United States, 65–66, 80, 99, 105, 210–11, 219, 258; western theories of, 182, 184, 189–91, 194–95. See also Confucius; Guanzi; Hanfeizi; Mencius; Mozi; Shang Yang; Xunzi
hermeneutics, 156
Horizontal Link, 108, 111, 132–34, 142, 148, 193, 225
Hu Jintao, 216
Huan of Qi, Duke (first of the Five Hegemons), 48, 50–51, 73, 89, 114, 117–18, 150, 160, 168, 185–87, 192
Huan of Zheng, Duke, 159
Huan Shui (river), 132
Hui of Liang, King, 54, 172–74, 178
Hui of Qin, King, 113–14, 119, 123, 126, 133, 135–36
Hui of Wei, King, 125
Hui Shi, 128
Huiwen of Zhao, King, 115, 132, 270n19
human nature, 6, 32–35, 62, 64, 92, 94, 96–97, 167, 173–77, 206–8, 212
humane authority, ix; basis of, 5–6, 43, 52, 58, 64, 91, 211; and China, 13, 15–17, 66, 99–100, 179, 188, 204, 212, 216, 218–19; in Confucius, 50–51; in Guanzi, 48–49, 188; in Hanfeizi, 47; and hegemony, 4, 6, 12, 15, 47, 65, 150, 173, 189–90, 193, 208–9, 214, 216, 218; in Laozi, 51–52; and Legalists, 207; in Mencius, 7, 49, 162–65, 169, 172, 179, 209; in Mozi, 47–48, 54; in Stratagems of the Warring States, 8, 113, 116–19, 124–25, 128, 133–34, 187, 189; in Xunzi, 6, 29, 41, 49–50, 53–54, 58–60, 70–74, 76, 79, 82, 85–88, 90–91, 96–97, 99, 106, 163, 165–68, 171, 188, 209, 211
inheritance (male primogeniture), 89, 219
international configuration, 160, 206, 212, 239
international consensus, 7, 192
International Monetary Fund, 11, 96, 213
international norms, 6–7, 12–13, 16, 65, 74, 84, 87–88, 91, 96, 104–6, 123, 140–41, 151, 178, 190–92, 194–95, 204, 213–14, 247
international order, 10, 39, 41, 123, 140, 213; contemporary, 63, 65, 71–72, 140, 204, 216, 218–20; in Guanzi, 29–30; in Mencius, 162, 164–65; in Xunzi, 91, 94, 164–65, 211
international political philosophy, vii, 2–6, 8–9, 12, 149, 154, 161, 178, 180, 186, 189
international political psychology, 9, 61, 138, 149
international recognition, 25, 191
international relations theory, 3–4, 8–13, 21–22, 24–25, 61–62, 64, 67, 69–71, 77, 82, 84–85, 106–7, 110, 113, 134, 138–40, 143–44, 156, 159, 162–63, 178, 199–203, 212–13, 215, 221, 235; Chinese school of, 3, 8, 200–201, 239, 252–54, 256–57, 259; Western, 149, 181–82, 186, 188–90, 257
international security cooperation, 9, 63, 68, 142
interstate norms, 42, 71, 91–93, 94–96, 110–111, 122–24, 214
Iraq, 84
Japan, 2, 13, 16, 66, 79, 81, 99, 105, 152–54, 212, 218, 234, 243; Japanese occupation 242; war of/against Japanese Aggression, 16, 143
Ji Liang, 125
Jiao Yao, 81
Jie of the Xia, King, 46, 59, 76, 83, 85, 116, 171, 211, 267n27, 274n9
Jin (state), 115–16, 171, 185, 223–24, 270n21
Jin, dynasty (265–420), 158
Jin, dynasty (1115–1234), 158
Jin, Later, dynasty (pre-1644), 158
Jin Jingfang, 224
Jing She, 137
just war, 8, 22, 31, 33–35, 41–42, 150
justice, 76, 86–87, 124, 167, 176, 186, 193; benevolence and, 38, 41, 43, 47, 49, 54, 61–62, 110, 115, 157, 167, 169, 172, 174, 176–77, 179, 209; Chinese Communist Party and, 100; profit and, 172–73; soft power and, 101; rites and, 50, 94, 110. See also benevolence, and justice; rites, and justice
Kennedy, John, 66
Kennedy, Paul, 184
Keohane, Robert O., 94, 182, 184, 190, 235, 252
Khrushchev, Nikita (1894–1971), 66
Kindleberger, Charles P., 190
king, 23, 27–28, 35, 42, 47–51, 53, 57, 61, 71–72, 74–75, 77, 80; chief, 116; enlightened/intelligent, 48, 95, 117; heavenly 40; hegemonic, 33, 121, 125, 185; sage, ix, 85, 87, 89, 99, 113, 115, 118, 120, 125–26, 128, 134–35, 162, 164, 167, 183, 187, 193, 209; Zhou, 3, 127, 147–48
knowledge economy, 10, 67, 103
Kristol, William, 2
Kuhn, Thomas, 257
Kuomintang ([Chinese] Nationalist Party), 211
Kuwait, 84
Kyoto Protocol, 220. See also climate change
Laozi: on all-under-heaven, 46, 60; analytical level of, 26–27, 150, 205; and anarchism, 24; biography of, 159, 227; and China’s resurgence, 37, 154, 217; and conceptual determinism, 31, 151, 206–7; on employment, 60; on humane authority, 51–52; on morality, 39–41, 53–54, 57; on war, 22–23, 33, 36
Laudan, 258
laws, objective, 92, 140, 202. See also science
leadership: collective, 118; international, 123, 64, 86, 214–15; interstate, 4, 21, 28, 47, 52, 88, 97, 99, 160; of Obama, 216; one-party, 219; political, 2–3, 10, 12, 67, 112, 117–18, 138–40, 142, 185, 209; shifts in, 56–59; world, 7, 12–13, 76, 85–87, 91, 113, 165–66, 182, 211–12, 216, 218
League of Nations, 91
Lee Tenghui, 242
Legalism, 22–23, 151–52, 161, 200, 206–7, 226, 228, 253
legends, 77, 147, 157, 164, 188
Leonard, Mark, 2
Li, Mount, 223
Li Er (Laozi), 227
Li Li, 225
Li of the Zhou, King, 59
Lin Biao, 231
Little, Richard, 203
Liu Shaoqi, 253
logic, 22, 26, 38, 51, 75, 83, 103, 111, 126, 134, 164, 211, 240, 247, 272n60
loyalty, 48, 54, 110, 119, 172
Lu, Mount, 116
Lu, State, 61, 119, 176, 223–24
Lu Zhong, 118
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 24
Mackinder, Halford J., 184
Mahan, Alfred T., 184
mandate of heaven, 166, 275n11
Marx, Karl, 252. See also neo-Marxism
material force, 9, 29, 49–50, 61, 66. See also material power
material power, 30, 48–49, 65, 73, 109, 138, 142, 186–88, 191, 215, 273n3
material strength, 10, 62, 66, 73, 181. See also material power
May Fourth movement (1919), 251
Mencius: analytical level of, 28, 150, 163, 205; biography of 227–28; and China’s resurgence, 178–80; and conceptual determinism, 29–31, 163–64; on conflict, 34, 176–77; and dialectic, 163–64; on employment, 4, 60; on human nature, 35, 92, 206–7; on humane authority, 7, 49, 58, 165, 169–70, 179, 208–9; on just war, 35, 39, 41, 177–78; on morality, 31, 37, 39–40, 186; political philosophy of, 171–2; cf Xunzi 58–59, 92–93, 162–77, 205–11
Min of Qi, King, 125
Min of Qin, King, 135
Mohism, 23, 152, 200, 206, 226–27, 253
moral force, 12, 17, 43, 52, 211
moral norms. See norms: moral
morality 21, 31, 39, 43, 45, 54, 62, 75, 110, 178, 219; and humane authority, 47, 49–50, 56, 65, 90–91, 168, 212; of officials, 14, 103–4; and order, 4, 9, 31, 39, 40–42, 187; political, 86, 172, 219; of ruler, 2, 5, 7, 10, 39–41, 55–56, 72, 74, 86–87, 138, 166; and state, 6, 8, 12, 157, 164, 168. See also Confucius; Mencius; Mozi; Xunzi
Morgenthau, Hans J., 75, 91, 202, 252
Mozi: and all-under-heaven, 44; analytical level of 26–27, 150, 205; biography of, 227; on conflict, 33, 36; and determinism, 29–31; on employment, 4, 48, 53; on hegemony, 47–48, 185; on humane authority, 47–8; on morality, 39, 42; on peace, 36–37, 150
Myanmar, 46
nationalism, 2, 14, 194, 237, 245–46
Nationalist Party. See Kuomintang
NATO, 105
neo-communism, Chinese, 253
neoconservatism, 1–3, 65, 253, 255; Chinese, 255
neoliberalism, 92, 94, 190, 252
neo-Marxism, 252
nonalignment, 143
norm entrepreneur, 276n38
norms, 12, 17, 49, 63, 76, 92, 94, 109, 123, 149, 176, 206, 219; hegemonic, 30, 51, 58, 74, 107, 110, 122–23, 126, 181, 190; hierarchical, 7, 11, 29, 34, 95, 104–6, 127, 140, 151, 213–14; international, 6–8, 11–13, 16, 63–65, 74, 84, 88, 96, 104–5, 123, 140–41, 151, 178, 180, 190–92, 194, 204, 213–14, 218, 220, 247; interstate, 7, 42, 45, 71, 73, 80, 94, 96, 110–11, 122–24, 126–27, 203, 214; moral, 2, 38, 50, 87, 91, 109, 168; social, 37, 93–98, 126, 140, 175, 213, 232; systematic, 36, 38; United Nations, 203
nuclear (weapons/test/proliferation/nonproliferation), 12, 16, 18, 94, 106, 214, 242
Nye, Joseph S., 94, 182, 184, 252
Pahre, Robert, 182
Pakistan, 242
patriotism, 245
peace, 16, 24, 28, 31–33, 51, 54, 72, 80, 94, 97, 125, 166, 187, 247; paths/ways to 21, 32, 35–38, 40, 62–63, 150–51, 205; world, 6, 63–64, 88, 105–6
polarity, 188. See also multipolarity
political morality, 86, 172, 219
political philosophy, vii, 3–4, 6, 8–9, 12, 21, 69–70, 84, 99, 106, 108, 147–48, 154, 158–59, 161–62, 167, 171, 178, 180, 186–87, 189, 201, 203–4, 215–18, 220–21
political science, 235
politics, 250
population: Chinese, 153, 212, 255; and hegemony, 115, 117, 131, 138; size of, 27, 29, 33, 36, 56, 59, 128, 168
power: factors of, 101–2, 114, 184, 215; hard, 6, 12–14, 25, 64, 73, 78–79, 88–91, 101–2, 138, 153, 170–71, 211–12, 215; operating, 100–102; resources of, 102, 119; soft, 25, 78, 101–2, 138–39, 153, 247. See also material power
proverbs: a flock of chickens cannot sit still in the same direction on the same perch, 133; rearing a tiger to court calamity (appeasement), 136; sitting and watching the fisherman (snipe and clam), 136; sitting on the mountain and watching the tigers fight, 135–36; the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must, 202; whoever controls eastern Europe controls the heartland, whoever controls the heartland controls the world-island, whoever controls the world-island controls the world, 184
Qi, 41, 90, 114–15, 118–19, 121–22, 129, 131–36, 171, 176, 185–87, 192, 225–26. See also Huan of Qi; Min of Qi; Xuan of Qi
Qian Mu, 224
Qin, First Emperor of, 3, 152, 161, 207, 223, 225
Qin (Warring States state), 44, 54, 83, 90, 114, 119–25, 127–36, 152–53, 171–72, 185–86, 192, 225. See also Hui of Qin; Min of Qin; Mu of Qin; Xiang of Qin; Xiao of Qin; Zhao of Qin
Qiu Yuanping, 200
realism, 9, 24, 61, 92, 149, 235, 241, 252, 255, 257, 274n13
Records of the Historian, 151, 156, 158, 224–25, 270n19, 273n8
reliability/credibility, strategic, 6, 15, 50, 54, 88–89, 102, 142, 168, 186, 210, 217
resources, 81, 112–13, 115; allocation of, 37, 151; cultural, 138; material, 29; of power, 102, 119; social, 167; world, 182
response to aggression, 193
responsibilities, international, 6, 11, 15–17, 104–6, 194, 213–14, 219
rites: and benevolence, 28, 31, 38; and distinctions, 37, 71, 76, 92–95, 97, 127, 175, 276n35, 276n36; and justice, 50, 94, 110, 174, 176; of Zhou, 24, 45, 53, 59, 79–81, 97, 176, 194, 219, 277n39
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 142
science, 63, 77, 140, 164, 179, 199–200, 236–37, 242–45. See also political science
security guarantees, 106, 194–95
Shang Yang (also called Wei Yang), 131, 151–52, 206, 225–26, 253, 273n8. See also legalism
Shixing Qin, 119
Shun, 48, 51, 55, 59, 84, 114–15, 126, 150, 166–67, 268n30, 275n11
Sima Guang, 156
Sima Qian. See Records of the Historian
sincerity, 74, 102, 110, 178, 250–51
Singapore, 87
Son of Heaven, 22, 24, 27, 31, 35, 37, 45, 56, 59, 77, 85–86, 97, 115, 123, 127, 131, 147, 166, 170, 183, 218, 224
sovereignty. See equality, of state sovereignty
Soviet Union, 66, 78–80, 101, 105, 152, 215, 218, 231, 234
stability, 2, 5, 10, 28, 33, 42, 64–65, 71, 75, 91, 95–96, 179, 190, 204, 211, 219–20
standards, 219
stratagems, 6, 27, 29, 39, 89, 110–11, 217, 269
strategy, grand, 141, 217; military 111, 128, 148, 158, 193, 273n3
Su Qin, 110–12, 114–15, 119–20, 125, 127, 130, 132, 135, 139, 270n19, 271n47
Sun Shu, 185
superpower, 13, 17, 99–100, 106, 170–71, 203, 212, 220, 239
Taiwan, 2, 239, 242, 245, 261n4
Tang of the Shang, King, 46, 48–49, 55, 59, 76, 79, 85–87, 90, 114–16, 164, 167, 171, 211
Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou), 28, 58, 126, 170, 273n8
Three Kings (Yao, Shun, Yu), 126–27, 139, 273n8
Thucydides, 202
Truman, Harry S., 253
tyranny, 6, 12, 71–72, 74, 85, 89–91, 151, 165, 168, 213
unilateralism, 65
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 3, 10, 13, 65, 148, 212, 254
United Nations, 6, 11, 16, 24, 64, 68, 81, 88, 96, 131, 180, 203, 214
United States of America, 2, 6–7, 13–16, 65–67, 79–81, 87–88, 99, 101–2, 105, 124, 152–53, 170, 210–11, 216, 219–20, 234–40, 243–44, 254, 256, 258
variable, 31, 75, 77, 164, 206–7; dependent, 71, 75, 162, 164; independent, 25, 28, 57, 71, 74–75, 162, 164, 206; mediating, 5, 30, 60, 71–73, 75, 163
Vertical Union, 108, 111, 132–34, 142, 148, 193, 225
Wallerstein, Immanuel, 182, 184
Waltz, Kenneth N., 75, 205, 252, 254
Wan Zhang, 165
Wang Dou, 117
Wang Zhong, 116
war: cause of, 21, 32–35, 62, 95, 150, 205–8; Vietnam War, 80, 170; World War II, 131, 143. See also Cold War; just war; Japan
Warsaw Pact, 105
Wei, river, 121
Wei (state: formerly part of Jin), 115, 121, 132–34, 136–37, 176, 224–25
Wei of Chu, King, 112
Wei Yang. See Shang Yang
Wen, Mount, 116
Wen of Jin, Duke/Prince (second of the Five Hegemons), 48, 89, 160, 168, 185–86, 190, 192, 223
Wen of Yan, Lord, 130
Wen of Zhou, King, 47, 76, 78, 114, 164
Wen Yi, 185
Wen Zhong, 24
world government, 22, 24, 27, 38, 64
World Trade Organization, 96
Wu, Mount, 120
Wu Huo, 81
Wu of Wei, Duke/Prince, 116–17, 223
Wu of Zhou, King, 46, 48–49, 59, 76, 85–87, 90, 114–16, 167, 171, 177, 211
Wu of Zheng, 223
Wu Zixu. See Wu Yuan
Xiang of Qin, Duke, 223
Xiang of Song, Duke, 126
Xu Jin, vii, 7, 205–7, 209–11, 291
Xu Xing, 226
Xuan of Chu, King, 136
Xunzi, 70–106, 161–78; and all-under-heaven, 45–46, 85–86; analytical level of, 26, 28–29, 150, 162–63, 205–6; on annexation, 41, 82; assessment of, 90–91, 98–99, 106, 178; biography of, 161, 177, 228; and China’s resurgence, 99–106; on conflict, 32, 34, 175; and determinism, 26, 29–30, 73–75, 98, 163–64, 207; on employment, 4, 60, 72–73, 83–84, 103–4; on hegemony, 6, 49–50, 88–89, 163, 165, 168–70, 191; on human nature, 34, 92–93, 173, 175; method of, 75–76, 164; and morality, 40–41, 86–87; on norms, 7, 29, 36–37, 53, 58, 71, 93–95, 104–6, 175–77; on power, 54, 58, 78–85, 89–91, 100–102, 106, 170–71, 211; on tyranny, 6, 71–72, 74, 89–90, 165, 168. See also Five Services; Mencius
Yan, 115, 125, 130–34, 136, 225
Yan Xuetong, vii, ix, 1–18, 149, 152, 155, 157, 164, 171, 175, 181, 291
Yang Kuan, 22
Yang Qianru, 3–5, 205–6, 208, 215, 217–18, 292
Yao, 51, 55, 114–15, 126, 150, 166–67, 275n11
Yellow Emperor’s Four Classics, 157
Yi of Yan, King, 139
Yi Yin, 119
yin-yang school, 206
Yü of Xia, King, 48, 55, 78–79, 83, 114–16, 126, 150, 167, 267n27
Yuan of Zhou, King, 224
Yue, 113, 131, 192. See also Goujian of Yue, King
Zhang Yi, 110–11, 114, 119, 121–22, 132–34, 225
Zhao, 115, 121–22, 130, 132–34, 135–36, 224–25. See also Handan
Zhao of Qin, King, 44, 120, 125, 129, 271n42
Zhao of Yan, King, 118
Zhao Tingyang, 257
Zhao Wenjin, 126
Zhao Xixu, 136
Zhao Zao, 126
Zhaoxi of Han, Prince, 133
Zheng (capital of Han), 122
Zheng (state), 159, 192, 225. See also Huan of Zheng; Wu of Zheng
Zheng Bijian, 257
Zhou, 24, 28, 96, 120, 123, 127, 129, 147–48, 152, 154, 157, 159, 183, 194, 203, 223–24; Duke of, 73, 76, 177. See also king: Zhou; Wen of Zhou; Wu of Zhou; You of Zhou; Yuan of Zhou.
Zhou Enlai, 252
Zhòu of Shang (Yin), King, 46, 59, 76, 78, 85, 114, 116, 126, 171, 211, 268n32, 274n9
Zhou Yi, 148
Zhu Zhiwu, 210
Zhuang of Chu, King (third of the Five Hegemons), 48, 89, 126, 168, 186
Zhuolu, 114
Zi Gong, 60
Zi Zhi, 118