Labor contracts, explanation of, 470–471. See also Collective bargaining

Labor demand

• example of forecasting, 152–154

• explanation of, 150

• techniques to forecast, 154–155

Labor market model, 289

Labor relations

• choices related to, 26–27

• collective bargaining and, 483–488

• contract administration and, 489–490

• legislation related to, 467–469

• organizing activities of, 479–482

• in other countries, 472–475

• specialists, 466

• union acceptance strategy and, 476–479

• union avoidance strategy and, 467–468, 478–479

• in the United States, 469–472

Labor strikes

• economic, 487

• examples of, 464, 466

• function of, 487–488

• general strike, 473

• public-sector unions and, 472

• statistics for, 466

• sympathy, 487

• wildcat, 487

Labor supply

• example of forecasting, 152–154

• explanation of, 150

• techniques to forecast, 154–155

Labor unions

• acceptance strategy for, 476–478

• avoidance strategy for, 467–468, 478–479

• employee benefits and, 364

• explanation of, 465

• historical background of, 466

• impact on human resource management, 491–493

• managerial perspective on, 465

• membership in, 471–472

• organization phase of, 479–482

• public-sector, 472

• role of managers in, 466

• trends related to, 8

• union dues, 465

Landrum-Griffin Act (1959), 467, 468, 469

Latinos/Latinas. See Hispanics

Layoffs

• alternatives to, 191–192

• effects of, 181–182

• explanation of, 189

• implementation of, 192–195

• management of, 191–195

• survivors of, 194–195

Legal environment/legal issues

• challenges of, 85–86

• compensation issues, 312–315, 320–321

• elements of, 83

• employee recruitment/selection, 173–174, 511

• employee training, 254

• equal employment opportunity laws, 86–103

• fair employment, 85–86

• human resource legislation, 116–117

• human resources role in, 8–9

• job analysis and, 63

• labor relations and, 467–469

• performance appraisals as, 219–220

• staffing, 173–174

• understanding and complying with, 84

• unintended consequences, 86

Leniency error, 216

Lesbians, 130–131

Letters of recommendation, 164–165

Life insurance, 384

Line employees, 2

Line managers, encouragement of, 21

Literacy, 251

Literacy training, 250–251

Lockouts, 488

Long-term disability insurance, 384–385

Long-term/short-term orientation, 550, 555

Lump-sum payments, 334