INDEX
Blue page numbers indicate terms in marginal notes.
A
- Abbott, Edwin, 58, 58, 59
- Aboriginal culture, 55
- Accounting
- Adam and Eve story, xii–xiii, 52
- Adamiecki, Karol, 56
- Addition, in comparisons, 93–94
- Advertisements, 144–145, 144, 145
- Aesthetics, 87, 130, 144, 148, 151, 154, 172, 172, 180, 190
- Africa, wildlife in, 2
- Agriculture, 24, 24, 55
- Akkadian Empire, xii
- Alexander, Christopher, 153, 154, 155, 155, 191
- Allen, Dede, 186
- Alphabet symbols, 149, 149
- Alyea, Hubert N., 112
- Analogy, 39, 40
- Analogy-making, 36, 36, 39, 188
- Andrews, Elizabeth, 42
- Animal species, endangered, 2
- Anno Domini system, 52
- Anscombe, F.J., 97
- Apollo program (NASA), 92–93
- Arabic language, 61
- Arabic numeral system, 16, 17
- Archetypes, 142
- Arnheim, Rudolf, 29
- Arnold, Edmund, 51
- Aspect ratio, 74, 96
- Assembly-number metaphor, 46–47, 48
- Assyria, xii
- Austin, Michael, 21, 135
- Axis mundi, xii
- Aymaran culture, 55
B
- Bacon, Francis, 120
- Bang, Molly, 69
- Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques, 74
- Bar charts, 66, 72–74, 73, 163
- Baum, L. Frank, 45
- Beliefs
- Bellow, Saul, 199
- Beowulf (epic poem), 5, 6
- Berger, John, 43
- Berlin, Brent, 83
- Berlin School of experimental psychology, 147
- Bertin, Jacques, 94, 102, 104, 190
- Bible, xii-xiii, 170
- Biderman, Albert, 77
- Bierut, Michael, 51
- Binding, 95
- Birds, vision in, 82
- Bitgood, Stephen, 126
- Blixen, Karen, 134
- Boat stories, 206
- Bonacci fillius, 17
- Boole, George, 18
- Booleans, 18, 18, 19
- Borges, Jorge Luis, 52
- Boroditsky, Lera, 55
- Box, George E.P., 115
- Box plots, 101, 101, 119, 119
- Brahmi alphabet, 17
- Brahmi numeral system, 16
- Brightness, 81
- Brinton, Willard C., 29
- Brown, James, 14, 20, 21
- Browne, Robert, 110
- Brynjolfsson, Erik, 204
- Buddha, xii
- Buddhist philosophy, 42
C
- Cabinets of curiosities, 132
- Cairo, Alberto, 71, 120
- Calculus, 53
- Calendars, 52, 56
- Calvino, Italo, 42, 49, 99, 110
- Cameron, William Bruce, 156
- Campbell, Joseph, 7, 7, 164, 203
- Carrier Bag Theory of Fiction, The (Le Guin), 205
- Carroll, Lewis, vii, 37, 116
- Carse, James P., 7, 63, 142
- Carte chronographique (Barbeu-Dubourg), 74
- Cartesian coordinate system, 60, 62, 63, 63, 64, 95
- Case, Nicky, 174
- Categories
- Category extension, 36–37, 38–39, 65
- Cathedrals, orientation of, 176–184, 188, 189, 192–196
- Census population data, 32–33
- Central limit theorem, 27
- Certainty, and truth, 118–120
- Chaos theory, 109
- Chaplin, Charlie, 204–205
- Chartres Cathedral, France, 182
- Charts. See also Bar charts
- cathedral orientation using, 178–179, 182, 189, 192–193
- connected scatter plot in, 104
- context for, 14
- design of, 205
- as diagrams, 163
- fictive motion language for, 49
- pie charts, 62–63, 62, 207
- polar coordinates on, 62, 63, 63, 64, 66
- three-dimensional volume on, 76–77
- time-series charts, 70
- visualizing data using, 184
- Chinese language, 17, 54
- Chronographique (Barbeu-Dubourg), 74
- Chronometric time, 53
- Chronostatic time, 53
- Chunking, 147–148, 190
- City
- Clay tablets, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26
- Cleveland, William, 43, 70, 87, 94, 96, 100
- Climate data sketch, 109
- Clocks, 54, 62, 62
- Coleman, Laurence, 131
- Color, 79–88
- categories of, in visual cognition, 41, 82, 83, 88, 147
- conveying information using, 82, 84, 88
- effective use of palette in, 87–88
- emotional tone and, 152
- grey values and, 80–81
- highlighting with, 81, 83, 86
- learnability and semantic use of, 83
- luminance and, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88
- meaning conveyed by, 68
- perception of, 82, 84–85, 87, 88
- printing and, 84, 84
- quantitative palettes in, 86–87
- range of models for, 82–83, 84–85, 84, 86
- tables with, 32
- Color vision, 82, 84–85
- Color wheels, 82–83, 86
- Comics, 139, 160
- Comparisons
- Confidence interval, 118–120, 118, 119
- Connected scatter plot, 104
- Context
- Cosmic clocks, 54
- Counting, 45–56
- assembly-number metaphor in, 46–47, 48
- common experience of tallying objects by, 46
- concept of zero in, 46
- distance-number metaphor in, 48–49
- fractions in, 46, 48
- length measurements and, 47, 47
- length-number metaphor in, 47–48
- newborns and, 93
- object-number metaphor in, 46
- systems for, 16–18
- timelines and, 52–53
- Courage, 10
- Creationism, 170
- Creation myths, 4, 52
- Creative Routines (poster), 3
- Creativity, 173, 198, 200–201
- Credible interval, 118
- Cruciform plans, 176–177, 196
- Curie, Marie, 204
- Curiosity
- data exploration and, 104
- design thinking and, 29–30
- human nature with, 138, 173
- information gap theory of, 38
- as motivated search for answers, 15, 37
- museum layouts and labels and, 127, 131, 132
- novelty in design and, 152
- storytelling and, 138–140
- variety of projects maintained with, 198–199
- visuals arousing, 145
- Currey, Mason, 3
D
- Daily Rituals (Currey), 3
- Dashboard design, 10
- Data
- context and material origins of, 14, 22
- daily rituals of creative people and, 3
- digital production of, 26–27
- effective presentation of facts in, 29
- encoding in a visual form, 42–44
- endangered species and, 2
- energy of, 190
- hero's journey as metaphor for encounters with, 7, 7, 9, 36, 121, 205
- importance of learning human side and origins of, 28–29
- information differentiated from, 30
- meaningful information made with, 4
- metaphors for visualizing, 19, 58, 68
- polar and rectangular mental maps and, 64
- reality as flow of, 56
- relationships and nodes in portraying, 65
- superficial contradiction between story and, 6–7
- tabular arrangement of. See Tables
- Unicode encoding of, 30
- value creation and new sources of, 27
- Databases, 19–20
- Data exploration, 89–110, 176
- Data sketches
- Data storage
- Data stories, 4–10
- context needed for, 14, 20–21
- conveying information using, 4, 6, 207
- critics of, 206–207
- design of, 133–142
- exploring and studying, 202
- fictive motion in, 49
- helmets illustration as example of, 8–9
- hero's struggles and, 5–6, 5
- interdisciplinary nature of, 9–10
- mind's eye in, 42
- narrative model for, 205–206
- superficial contradiction between data and story in, 6–7
- ways of packaging, 186
- Data storytellers
- Data storytelling
- compressing information into relatable details in 21
- creativity in, 200–201
- diagram illustrating process of, 164–165
- diagrams in, 159
- digital tools used in, 201–202
- editing in, 186–187, 186
- encoding data in, 43
- humanize-probe cycle in, 35, 35
- lens metaphor for exploring and focusing in, 176, 186
- prototypes in, 201
- rejection of evidence in, 168
- remixing in, 201
- routines for, 198–199
- sampling and, 116
- workshopping in, 187–191
- world building in, 58
- Davis, Murray, 38
- Dean, Bashford, 9, 9, 128
- Decimal fractions, 17
- Decimal points, 18, 31, 113
- De Landa, Manuel, 158
- Demographics, 25–26, 32
- Descartes, René, 60, 61
- Design. See also Graphic design; Visual design
- Design thinking, 28–29
- De Stijl movement, 148, 148
- Deutsch, David, 41, 201
- Diagrams, 159–165, 161
- Dionysius Exiguus, 52
- Distance-number metaphor, 48–49
- Douglass, Frederick, 167
- Dragons
- Draw to Win (Roam), 163
- Duarte, Nancy, 138
- Dyson, Freeman J., 75
E
- Eco, Umberto, 54, 155, 170
- Eddington, Arthur, 13, 112
- Egypt, Ancient, xii, 17, 64, 127, 148
- Einstein, Albert, 50, 92
- Eliade, Mircea, xiii, 5, 36
- Elliot, T.S., 121
- Emotional design, 151–152, 153, 155–156
- Endangered Safari (interactive project), 2
- Engineering, 158, 159
- English language, 17, 54
- Equal sign, 32
- Euclid, 75
- Euler, Leonhard, 107
- Eve and Adam story, xii-xiii, 52
- Evidence
- Explanation
- Exploring data. See Data exploration
- Eyes
F
- Facts
- Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel, 71
- Ferguson, Kirby, 201
- Fibonacci, 17
- Fictive motion, 49
- Flatland (Abbott), 58
- Flesch, William, 171
- Floating point (floats), 18–19, 18
- Flynn, Kevin, 57
- Forster, E.M., 140, 141
- Fractions, 17, 46
- France, cathedrals in, 177–178, 188, 194
- Freedom From Fear (Rockwell), 144
- French language, 95, 198
- Frequentism, 114
- Fry, Stephen, 172
- Fukuyama, Francis, 171
- Future time, perception of, 50, 51, 55
G
- Gabler, Neal, 136
- Gaby, Alice, 55
- Gantt, Henry, 56
- Gantt charts, 56
- Gardner, Dan, 115
- Gautama Buddha, xii
- Geary, James, 41, 55, 152
- Gemini program (NASA), 92, 93
- Gemowe lines, 32
- Genesis (Bible book), xii-xiii, 52
- Geographic maps, 74, 161, 184
- Geometric representations, conveying information using, 158
- Géométrie, La (Descartes), 61
- Gesamtkunstwerk, 132
- Gestalt, 149
- Gestalt effects, 147, 148
- Gestalt psychology, 147
- Gesture drawings, 90
- Gettysburg Address (Lincoln), 16
- Glass, Ira, 187
- Globes, maps and curved surface of, 60, 63, 180
- Goldman, William, 139, 168, 197, 200, 200
- Gordon, J.E., 159
- Graphicacy, 43, 43
- Graphic design, 143–150. See also Visual design
- Graphical information. See also Charts
- helmets illustration as example of, 8–9
- horizontal dimension and, 68, 69, 69
- importance related to size in, 43–44, 72
- individual fields with concept of and standards for, 9
- proportion and, 44
- shapes used in, 74–78
- skill in using, 43
- smaller shapes assembled into bigger patterns in, 77–78
- three-dimensional volume on, 76–77
- up direction and vertical dimension and, 68–69, 68, 69
- Graphs
- Graunt, John, 25–26, 27, 31
- Greece, Ancient, xi, 17, 26, 61, 104, 127, 128
- Greek language, xi, 33, 40, 41, 61, 107, 120, 149
- Gregorian calendar, 52
- Grids, in graphic design, 145
- Guy, William A., 25
H
- Hammett, Dashiell, 20
- Hangul Korean alphabet, 149
- Harari, Yuval Noah, 24, 56, 63
- Harmonograf, 56
- Hawaiian language, 44
- Helmets, illustration on evolution of, 8–9
- Heroes
- Hidalgo, César, 56, 126, 140
- Highlighting
- Hill, George Roy, 187
- Hindu-Arabic numeral system, 16, 17
- Hinge diagram, 101
- Histograms, 100–101, 100
- Hofstadter, Douglas R., 21, 36, 39, 40, 41, 145, 147, 188
- Horizontal dimension
- Howard, Ronald A., 118
- Huff, Darrell, 27, 95, 119
- Hui Tzu, 54
- Humboldt, Alexander von, 9
I J
K
L
- Labels, in design, 130–131
- Lakoff, George, 19, 37, 39, 39, 46, 49, 69, 170
- Language
- Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 27
- Latin alphabet, 53
- Latin cross, 176
- Latin language, xi, xii, 10, 24, 52, 60, 92, 152, 158, 172, 174, 190
- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 53
- Le Guin, Ursula, 205, 205
- Le Mans Cathedral, France, 182
- Length measurement
- Length-number metaphor, 47–48
- Leonardo Bonacci, 17
- Levasseur, Pierre E., 73, 189
- Levine, Marvin, 127
- Lieberman, Matthew D., 169
- Light
- Lightness, 81
- Lincoln, Abraham, 16, 147
- Linear regression, 102
- Lippincott, Kristen, 50
- Live at the Apollo (Brown), 14, 20, 21
- Loewenstein, George, 38
- Logarithms, 106–107, 107, 108, 108
- Logic of Scientific Discovery, The (Popper), 116
- Lorenz, Max, 108
- Lorenz curve, 108
- Loua, Toussaint, 32
- Lucas, George, 142, 144
- Lucas Museum of Narrative Art, Los Angeles, 143
- Lucian, 113
- Luminance, 80, 81, 85, 87, 88
- Lupi, Giorgia, 28, 98, 120, 156, 206
- Lupton, Ellen, 144
- Luria, Aleksandr, 21
- Lyapunov Time, 113
M
- MacGuffins, 20
- Malamed, Connie, 71
- Malcolm, Ian, 109
- Malay language, 44
- Manual for Small Museums (Coleman), 131
- Maps, 59–64
- Cartesian coordinate system and, 60, 62, 63, 63, 64, 95
- cathedral orientation on, 177, 180
- curved surface of globes and, 60, 63, 180
- data storage using, 20
- experiential knowledge applied to, 64
- horizontal (x) and vertical (y) axes in, 61
- polar coordinates on, 62
- origin of word, 60
- projection choices in, 60–61
- satellite photos compared with, 160
- semantic color on, 83
- shapes for city population on, 74
- 2-D plane in, 59–60
- visual storytelling with, 184
- Mathematical Analysis of Logic, The (Boole), 18
- Mathematics
- Mattern, Shannon, 59
- Maunder, Annie and Walter, 27
- Mazur, Joseph, 17
- McAfee, Andrew, 204
- McCloud, Scott, 139, 160, 160, 161
- McGill, Marylen E., 96
- McGill, Robert, 96
- Mean (average), 47, 97, 120
- Meaning, 67–78
- Measurements, precision of, 117
- Median, 98, 98, 101, 102
- Meeks, Elijah, 88
- Memory
- appeal to the eye in, 44
- color perception and, 95
- compressing information into details in, 21
- data pattern recognition and, 96
- encoding in, 21, 41
- inability to forget and, 21, 152
- mental categories in, 36
- model of world carried in, 59
- numbers and reliance on, 17, 94
- sleep and filtering thoughts for, 201
- technologies for outsourcing, 26, 26, 90
- visual story elements stored in, 147
- Memory palace technique, 66
- Mental cinema, 42
- Mesopotamia, 26, 148
- Metaphor
- aim of, 40
- charts using, 73, 184
- data visualized using, 19, 58, 68
- depiction of time and, 50, 56
- graphical display and, 43
- ideograms with, 54
- learning of, 40–41
- mathematics and, 46–48
- new understandings created from, 37, 39
- origin of word, 40
- personification and, 49
- physical expressions used in, 40, 41
- screen navigation using, 54
- sharing of common set of, 43, 44
- speeches using, 163
- visual. See Visual metaphors
- visual worlds and, 58
- Metaphor-mapping, 36, 39–42
- Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff and Johnson), 69
- Method of loci, 66
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 127
- Metz Cathedral, France, 182
- Michelangelo, 90
- Miller, George, 147
- Models, and probability, 114–115
- Mondrian, Piet, 148
- Moore, Terry, 61
- More, metaphorical ways of conveying, 72
- Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 3, 53, 74, 198
- Multiplication, in comparisons, 9s-94
- Munari, Bruno, 146
- Munzer, Tamara, 108, 191
- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 131
- Museums, 125–132
- Myths and mythology
N
- Narrative art, 143
- NASA, 92–93, 94
- National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City, Mexico, 129, 129
- Naves, 176–177, 178
- Network graphs, 65–66
- Neurath, Marie, 67, 72, 188
- Neurath, Otto, 72
- Newton, Isaac, xii, 28, 53
- Neyman, Jerzy, 118
- Nietzsche, Frederich, 134
- Nightingale, Florence, 9
- Node-link network graphs, 65
- Norman, Don, 18, 28, 29, 53
- Nostalgia for paradise, xiii
- Notre-Dame de Paris, France, 178, 183, 188, 193, 194
- Novalis, 92
- Numbers
- Numeral systems, 16–19
- Núñez, Rafael E., 19, 46, 49
O
- Object-number metaphor, 46
- Obrist, Hans Ulrich, 132
- Observations on the Bills of Mortality (Graunt), 25–26, 31
- O'Connor Flannery, 136
- Ogilvy, David, 27, 144, 144, 200
- Old English language, xi
- Old French language, 198
- Old High German language, xi
- Old Norse language, xi, xii, 16
- Organizational chart, 64
- Orwell, George, 40
P Q
- Patternicity, 95, 95
- Patterns, 95–98, 139
- Pearson, Karl, 100
- Peirce, Charles Sanders, 163
- Perception, 41
- Perec, Georges, 7
- Persia, 17
- Personification, 49, 51
- Pie charts, 62–63, 62, 207
- Pinker, Steven, 28, 137, 147, 149, 184, 205
- Plato, 1, 15, 136
- Playfair, William, 26, 32, 134, 43, 44, 66, 73, 94, 98, 206–207
- Pliny the Elder, 120
- Polar charts, 62, 63, 63, 64, 66, 74
- Popper, Karl, 6, 92, 110, 112, 116, 117
- Population study, 26
- Pormpuraawan culture, 55
- Power relationships, vertical metaphor for, 64
- Prigogine, Ilya, 56, 112
- Primates, color vision in, 82
- Probability, 26, 113–116, 113, 114, 115
- Profiles of data, 100–101
- Proportion, and conveying ideas, 44
- Prototypes, 201
- Pseudodoxia Epidemica (Browne), 110
- Psychophysics, 42
- Quiller-Couch, Arthur, 187
R
- Radial bar charts, 74
- Rao, Venkatesh, 206
- Rating systems, 172
- Rational numbers, 46, 48
- Ratio scales, 71
- Raymo, Chet, 39
- Reading
- Reading gravity, 51
- Recorde, Robert, 32
- Remixing, 201
- Reordering data, 102–104
- Republic, The (Plato), 1, 15
- Residual, 102, 103, 103
- Ricoeur, Paul, 137, 140, 141
- Rituals, 3
- Roam, Dan, 154, 163
- Rockwell, Norman, 144, 144
- Rod (measurement unit), 47
- Roman Empire, 17, 61, 91, 128
- Roman mythology, 112, 112
- Roosevelt, Theodore, 206
- Rosling, Hans, 20, 92, 206
- Rothko, Mark, 156, 156
- Rough, 103
- Roughness, 153–154, 153
- Rounding numbers, 31–32
- Routines, in data storytelling, 198–199
- Rumsey, Abby Smith, 21, 25, 26, 59, 91, 152, 169
- Rumsey, David, 229
- Russell, Bertrand, 117
- Russian language, 44
S
- Sacred trees, xii
- Samana, 42
- Sample size, 97
- Sampling, 116, 118, 158
- Sander, Emmanuel, 21, 36, 39, 40, 41, 145, 147, 188
- Sanskrit language, xi
- Saturday Evening Post, 144, 102
- Savage, Sam, 120
- Scagnostics, 96
- Scales, 105
- Scatter plot matrix, 109
- Schaffner, Ingrid, 131, 131
- Science, and falsifiability, 116–117
- Scorekeeping, 16, 102
- Seasonality, 103, 103
- Shading, in tables, 32
- Shahn, Ben, 135, 142, 184, 187, 199
- Shiner, The (Rockwell), 144
- Shlain, Leonard, 54, 149
- Siebel, Frederick, 143
- Sigma, 120
- Signaling theory, 172
- Silver, Nate, 110
- Simmon, Rob, 85, 88
- Simon, Herbert, 127
- Simone, Nina, 153
- Size
- Smoot (measurement unit), 47
- Smoot, Oliver R., 47
- Smooth, 103
- Social bonds, and trust, xi, xiii
- “Solar Orientation of the Gothic Cathedrals of
- France, The” (Sparavigna), 181
- Sousanis, Nick, 6, 38, 58, 91, 104, 149, 219
- Space
- Spacing
- Spain, 61
- Spatial diagrams, 58–61
- Spatial relationships
- Spear, Mary Eleanor, 9
- Sparavigna, Amelia, 181
- Speeches, and metaphor, 163
- Star Wars (film series), 20, 66
- Statistics, 15
- accuracy pf results in, 32
- background to beginning of, 26
- charts as abstract diagrams in, 14, 163
- chart types used in, 184
- data as foundational pillar of, 27
- material origins of data in, 15
- normal distribution in, 104
- pictorial method of, 72
- root word for, 26
- rounding of numerals in, 31
- simulations using, 114–115
- trust and confidence in, 116, 118–119, 121
- Steinbeck, John, 89
- Stem-and-leaf display, 33–34, 100
- Stevens, Steven S., 42
- Stevens, Wallace, 35, 145
- Stigler, Stephen, 27, 116
- Stone, Maureen, 84, 87
- Stone tablets, 31
- Storr, Robert, 126, 129
- Story. See also Data stories
- Story design, 133–142
- Storytellers. See Data storytellers
- Stuart, Gilbert, 207
- Sumer, 24
- Summary curve, 71
- Summary line, 71, 102, 103
- Superposition in comparison, 94
T
- Tables, 31–34
- arrangement of entries in, 32
- building blocks of, 31
- color in, 32
- communication focus of, 31, 31
- conveying information using, 134
- data storage using, 20, 31, 134
- design for readability of, 31
- horizontal and vertical lines in, 32
- origin of, 31
- popularity of, 134
- rounding of numerals in, 31–32
- shading in, 32
- spacing for readability in, 30–31, 32
- stem-and-leaf display in, 33–34
- value clusters in, 32
- Temperature, on charts, 19, 71, 103
- Tetlock, Philip E., 115
- Third eye, 42
- Thomson, Virgil, 131
- Thoreau, Henry David, 175
- Threat detection, 135, 148
- Time, 50–56
- cardinal directions and movement of, 55
- chronometric, 53
- chronostatic, 53
- daily rituals of creative people and, 3
- data exploration and, 109
- diagrams and, 162
- horizontal axis associated with, 69–71
- as irreversible performance, 56, 112
- linear comprehension of, 50–51
- linear flow of stories and, 136, 137, 139
- map grid choices and, 61
- metaphor in depiction of, 50, 56
- motion in perception of, 51
- natural cycles and, 55
- perception of future time, 50, 51, 55
- personal relationship with, 52
- prediction horizon and, 115
- reading direction and, 54
- regular intervals in, 103
- scales for showing, 71
- sequential activities reinforcing linearity of, 53–54
- space conflated with, 50–51
- spiral metaphor for linear and circular time
- spliced together, 55
- summary curve showing, 71
- summary line for, 102
- time-as-money metaphor, 56
- timeline as visual way of seeing, 53
- trust related to, 171–172
- Time-is-distance metaphor, 53
- Timelines
- Time-series charts, 70
- Tolkien, J.R.R., 11, 142
- Tooby, John, 170
- Trade, and data development, 24–25
- Transforming data, 104–108
- Translating (reordering) data, 102–104, 108
- Travel distance, 48–50
- Tree of knowledge story, xii-xiii, 52
- Tree (data)
- Trees (plants)
- Truffault, François, 139
- Trust, 167–174, 171
- believability and, 168
- conceptual system and, 170
- conveying information and, xiii, 4, 172
- data sketches and, 110
- evolution of, 174
- mental models of how things work and, 168–169
- social origin of meaning of word, xi
- statistics and, 121
- time factor in, 171–172
- trees associated with, xi, xii
- visual design and, 171–174
- Truth, 111–121
- Tufte, Edward, 87, 196
- Tukey, John, 17, 31, 32, 33, 91, 91, 92, 94, 98, 100, 103, 103, 105, 106, 108, 119, 121, 190
- Turkish language, 44
- Tversky, Barbara, 163
U
V
- Valéry, Paul, 58, 79, 141
- van der Leck, Bart, 148
- van Schooten, Frans, 60
- Vertical dimension
- Violin plots, 101
- Visual design. See also Graphic design
- austerity in, 154
- creating effortless experiences for viewer in, 44
- emotional design and, 151–152, 153, 155–156
- perception of numbers and, 46
- perceptual effects and, 87
- readability of data in tables and, 31
- relationships between centers and wholes in, 154–155, 155
- roughness preference in, 153–154, 153
- rules and conventions in, 42, 43
- spacing in, 31
- spatial biases in, 69
- texture in, 154
- trade-offs in, 42–43
- trust and, 171–174
- Visual cognition, color categories in, 41, 82, 83, 88, 147
- Visualization, 9, 10, 42
- Visual metaphors
- Visual world, 57–66
- children and, 43
- common set of visual metaphors in, 43
- conveying information within, 68
- correlation between body's physical experience
- and perception in, 44
- decoding (interpreting) data in, 43, 44
- encoding data for, 42–44
- importance related to size in, 43–44
- maps as, 61
- mental cinema and, 42
- mind's eye and, 42
- proportion and, 44
- similarity related to physical closeness in, 44
- spatial diagrams in, 58–61
- stimulus strength and perception in, 42–43, 42
- Voltaire, 39, 111
W
- Wagner, Richard, 5, 132
- Wainer, Howard, 14, 29, 31, 31, 43, 74, 91, 104, 106, 120, 149, 154, 189, 190, 205
- Waismann, Friedrich, 117
- Walton, Tony, 152
- Ware, Colin, 90, 130, 145, 147, 149, 186
- Washington, Booker T., 173
- Wheat, symbolism of, 24
- When We Are No More (Rumsey), 21
- Wilson, E.O., 37
- Wong, Dona, 50, 71
X Y Z
- x, in mathematics, 61
- “Young Earth” creationism, 170
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