Data access is responsible for authorizing access to data repositories. It helps to distinguish the role ability, like users or administrators in the application. It maintains the data access system, such as insert, retrieve, update, or delete based on the role. In Chapter 3, Overview of Spring Framework, we have learned about the architecture of Spring.

Here is a diagram of the Spring architecture, where Data Access is one of the layers:

As you can see, Data Access is one of the layers of Spring architecture. This part is concerned with data access. JDBC, ORM, OXM, JMS, and Transactions modules are modules that are used in Spring. We have mentioned the details of this in Chapter 3, Overview of Spring Framework, under the Spring architecture topic. In this chapter, we will see the use of JDBC and ORM (JPA, Hibernate).