When you have the latest changes in the remote repository, but not in your local repository, you can ask Visual Studio to fetch those changes (new commits and new branches) using the Git command, Fetch. Fetch will just download the changes to your local repository but won't merge automatically. You will need to review the changes first.

To fetch the remote commits, open Team Explorer, navigate to Sync view, and then click on Fetch:

A list of incoming commits will be shown, if any. You can then review them and merge the changes with your local changes.