Chapter Two. SONET and SDH Basics

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)

2.3 GETTING TO KNOW THE SONET AND SDH SIGNALS

2.3.1 The Base SONET and SDH Signals

2.3.2 Payload Envelopes and Virtual Containers

2.3.2.1 Larger Payload Envelopes (Virtual Containers)

2.3.2.2 Smaller Payload Envelopes (Containers)

2.3.3 Synchronous Multiplexing

2.3.3.1 The SONET Multiplex Hierarchy

2.3.3.2 The SDH Multiplex Hierarchy

2.3.3.3 Byte Interleaving and Frequency Compensation

2.4 SONET/SDH LAYERING

2.4.1 The SONET Section (SDH Regenerator Section) Layer

2.4.1.1 Scrambling

2.4.2 The SONET Line (SDH Multiplex Section) Layer

2.4.3 The Tandem Connection Layer

2.4.4 The SONET Path (SDH Higher-Order Virtual Container) Layer

2.4.5 The VT Path Layer

2.4.6 Transparency