List of Abbreviations
| AI/O | Analog input/output |
| ALARP | As low as reasonably practicable |
| BPCS | Basic plant control system |
| C&I | Control and instrumentation (engineering) |
| CCF | Common cause failure |
| CRC | Cyclic redundancy check |
| DC (in SIS) | Diagnostic coverage (in SIS) |
| DCS | Distributed control system |
| DDT | Derived data type |
| DEP | Design and engineering practice |
| DI/O | Digital input/output |
| EDT | Elementary data type |
| E/E/PE | Electrical/electronics/programmable electronics |
| Table Continued | |
| E&I | Electrical and instrumentation |
| EMI | Electromagnetic interference |
| ESD | Emergency shutdown system or electro static disturbance |
| ET(A) | Event tree (analysis) |
| EUC | Equipment under control |
| FBD | Functional block diagram |
| FGS | Fire and gas system |
| FMEDA | Failure modes, effects and diagnostic analysis |
| FSA | Functional safety assessment/assessor |
| HC | Hydrocarbon |
| HFT | Hardware fault tolerance |
| HMI | Human machine interface |
| HVAC | Heating ventilation and air conditioning |
| HW | Hardware |
| I&C | Instrumentation and control |
| IEC | International Electrotechnical Commission |
| I/P or O/P | Input or output |
| IPL | Independent protection layer |
| LD | Ladder diagram |
| LEL | Lower explosive limit |
| LHS | Left hand side |
| LOPA | Layer of protection analysis |
| LS | Logic solver |
| MFR | Master fuel relay (for boiler/furnace systems) |
| MOC | Management of change |
| MRT | Mean repair time |
| MTTR | Mean time to repair |
| NO/NC | Normally open/normally close (contact) |
| OPC | OLE process control |
| O&M | Operation and maintenance |
| OREDA | Offshore reliability equipment database association |
| PEL | Permissible exposure limit |
| PFD | Probability of failure on demand or doc: process flow diagram |
| PFH | Probability of failure per hour |
| P&ID | Piping and instrumentation diagram |
| PLC | Programmable logic controller |
| PSI | Process safety information |
| PTI | Proof test interval |
| RA | Risk assessment/analysis |
| RBD | Reliability block diagram |
| RFI | Radio frequency disturbance |
| RHS | Right-hand side |
| Table Continued | |
| RRF | Risk reduction factor |
| SAR | Safety analysis report |
| SFF | Safety failure fraction (IEC) |
| SIF | Safety instrument functions |
| SIL | Safety integrity level |
| SOE | Sequence of event |
| SIS | Safety instrumentation system/supervisory information system (in case of DCS) |
| SPLC | Safe PLC (programmable logic controller) |
| SRS | Safety-related System/safety-related specification |
| STEL | Short-term exposure limit |
| SW | Software |
| TMEL | Tolerable maximum event likelihood |
| TMR | Triple modular redundancy |
| TWA | Time weighted average |
| UPS | Uninterrupted power supply |
| WRT | With respect to |
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