Appendix 1: The Standard Cumulative Normal Distribution Function
by Andre Kleyner, Patrick O'Connor
Practical Reliability Engineering, 5th Edition
- Cover Page
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface to the First Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Preface to the Third Edition
- Preface to the Third Edition Revised
- Preface to the Fourth Edition
- Preface to the Fifth Edition
- Acknowledgements
- 1: Introduction to Reliability Engineering
- 1.1 What is Reliability Engineering?
- 1.2 Why Teach Reliability Engineering?
- 1.3 Why Do Engineering Products Fail?
- 1.4 Probabilistic Reliability
- 1.5 Repairable and Non-Repairable Items
- 1.6 The Pattern of Failures with Time (Non-Repairable Items)
- 1.7 The Pattern of Failures with Time (Repairable Items)
- 1.8 The Development of Reliability Engineering
- 1.9 Courses, Conferences and Literature
- 1.10 Organizations Involved in Reliability Work
- 1.11 Reliability as an Effectiveness Parameter
- 1.12 Reliability Programme Activities
- 1.13 Reliability Economics and Management
- 2: Reliability Mathematics
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Variation
- 2.3 Probability Concepts
- 2.4 Rules of Probability
- 2.5 Continuous Variation
- 2.6 Continuous Distribution Functions
- 2.7 Summary of Continuous Statistical Distributions
- 2.8 Variation in Engineering
- 2.9 Conclusions
- 2.10 Discrete Variation
- 2.11 Statistical Confidence
- 2.12 Statistical Hypothesis Testing
- 2.13 Non-Parametric Inferential Methods
- 2.14 Goodness of Fit
- 2.15 Series of Events (Point Processes)
- 2.16 Computer Software for Statistics
- 2.17 Practical Conclusions
- 3: Life Data Analysis and Probability Plotting
- 4: Monte Carlo Simulation
- 5: Load–Strength Interference
- 6: Reliability Prediction and Modelling
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Fundamental Limitations of Reliability Prediction
- 6.3 Standards Based Reliability Prediction
- 6.4 Other Methods for Reliability Predictions
- 6.5 Practical Aspects
- 6.6 Systems Reliability Models
- 6.7 Availability of Repairable Systems
- 6.8 Modular Design
- 6.9 Block Diagram Analysis
- 6.10 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
- 6.11 State-Space Analysis (Markov Analysis)
- 6.12 Petri Nets
- 6.13 Reliability Apportionment
- 6.14 Conclusions
- 7: Design for Reliability
- 8: Reliability of Mechanical Components and Systems
- 9: Electronic Systems Reliability
- 10: Software Reliability
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Software in Engineering Systems
- 10.3 Software Errors
- 10.4 Preventing Errors
- 10.5 Software Structure and Modularity
- 10.6 Programming Style
- 10.7 Fault Tolerance
- 10.8 Redundancy/Diversity
- 10.9 Languages
- 10.10 Data Reliability
- 10.11 Software Checking
- 10.12 Software Testing
- 10.13 Error Reporting
- 10.14 Software Reliability Prediction and Measurement
- 10.15 Hardware/Software Interfaces
- 10.16 Conclusions
- 11: Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance
- 12: Reliability Testing
- 13: Analysing Reliability Data
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Pareto Analysis
- 13.3 Accelerated Test Data Analysis
- 13.4 Acceleration Factor
- 13.5 Acceleration Models
- 13.6 Field-Test Relationship
- 13.7 Statistical Analysis of Accelerated Test Data
- 13.8 Reliability Analysis of Repairable Systems
- 13.9 CUSUM Charts
- 13.10 Exploratory Data Analysis and Proportional Hazards Modelling
- 13.11 Field and Warranty Data Analysis
- 14: Reliability Demonstration and Growth
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Reliability Metrics
- 14.3 Test to Success (Success Run Method)
- 14.4 Test to Failure Method
- 14.5 Extended Life Test
- 14.6 Continuous Testing
- 14.7 Degradation Analysis
- 14.8 Combining Results Using Bayesian Statistics
- 14.9 Non-Parametric Methods
- 14.10 Reliability Demonstration Software
- 14.11 Practical Aspects of Reliability Demonstration
- 14.12 Standard Methods for Repairable Equipment
- 14.13 Reliability Growth Monitoring
- 14.14 Making Reliability Grow
- 15: Reliability in Manufacture
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Control of Production Variability
- 15.3 Control of Human Variation
- 15.4 Acceptance Sampling
- 15.5 Improving the Process
- 15.6 Quality Control in Electronics Production
- 15.7 Stress Screening
- 15.8 Production Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS)
- 15.9 Conclusions
- 16: Maintainability, Maintenance and Availability
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Availability Measures
- 16.3 Maintenance Time Distributions
- 16.4 Preventive Maintenance Strategy
- 16.5 FMECA and FTA in Maintenance Planning
- 16.6 Maintenance Schedules
- 16.7 Technology Aspects
- 16.8 Calibration
- 16.9 Maintainability Prediction
- 16.10 Maintainability Demonstration
- 16.11 Design for Maintainability
- 16.12 Integrated Logistic Support
- 17: Reliability Management
- 17.1 Corporate Policy for Reliability
- 17.2 Integrated Reliability Programmes
- 17.3 Reliability and Costs
- 17.4 Safety and Product Liability
- 17.5 Standards for Reliability, Quality and Safety
- 17.6 Specifying Reliability
- 17.7 Contracting for Reliability Achievement
- 17.8 Managing Lower-Level Suppliers
- 17.9 The Reliability Manual
- 17.10 The Project Reliability Plan
- 17.11 Use of External Services
- 17.12 Customer Management of Reliability
- 17.13 Selecting and Training for Reliability
- 17.14 Organization for Reliability
- 17.15 Reliability Capability and Maturity of an Organization
- 17.16 Managing Production Quality
- 17.17 Quality Management Approaches
- 17.18 Choosing the Methods: Strategy and Tactics
- 17.19 Conclusions
- Appendix 1: The Standard Cumulative Normal Distribution Function
- Appendix 2: χ 2 (α, ν) Distribution Values
- Appendix 3: Kolmogorov–Smirnov Tables
- Appendix 4: Rank Tables (5%, 95%)
- Appendix 5: Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS)
- Appendix 6: Reliability, Maintainability (and Safety) Plan Example
- Appendix 7: Matrix Algebra Revision
- Index
-
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