- Title Page
- Copyright
- About This Book
- Chapter 1: Performing Queries Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 1: Performing Queries Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 2: Performing Advanced Queries Using PROC SQL
- Overview
- Viewing SELECT Statement Syntax
- Displaying All Columns
- Limiting the Number of Rows Displayed
- Eliminating Duplicate Rows from Output
- Subsetting Rows By Using Conditional Operators
- Subsetting Rows By Using Calculated Values
- Enhancing Query Output
- Summarizing and Grouping Data
- Subsetting Data By Using Subqueries
- Subsetting Data By Using Noncorrelated Subqueries
- Subsetting Data By Using Correlated Subqueries
- Validating Query Syntax
- Additional Features
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 3: Combining Tables Horizontally Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 4: Combining Tables Vertically Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 5: Creating and Managing Tables Using PROC SQL
- Overview
- Understanding Methods of Creating Tables
- Creating an Empty Table By Defining Columns
- Displaying the Structure of a Table
- Creating an Empty Table That Is like Another Table
- Creating a Table from a Query Result
- Inserting Rows of Data into a Table
- Creating a Table That Has Integrity Constraints
- Handling Errors in Row Insertions
- Displaying Integrity Constraints for a Table
- Updating Values in Existing Table Rows
- Deleting Rows in a Table
- Altering Columns in a Table
- Dropping Tables
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 6: Creating and Managing Indexes Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 7: Creating and Managing Views Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 8: Managing Processing Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 9: Introducing Macro Variables
- Chapter 9: Introducing Macro Variables
- Overview
- Basic Concepts
- Using Automatic Macro Variables
- Using User-Defined Macro Variables
- Processing Macro Variables
- Displaying Macro Variable Values in the SAS Log
- Using Macro Functions to Mask Special Characters
- Using Macro Functions to Manipulate Character Strings
- Using SAS Functions with Macro Variables
- Combining Macro Variable References with Text
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 10: Processing Macro Variables at Execution Time
- Overview
- Creating a Macro Variable during DATA Step Execution
- Creating Multiple Macro Variables during DATA Step Execution
- Referencing Macro Variables Indirectly
- Obtaining Macro Variable Values during DATA Step Execution
- Creating Macro Variables during PROC SQL Step Execution
- Working with PROC SQL Views
- Using Macro Variables in SCL Programs
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 11: Creating and Using Macro Programs
- Chapter 12: Storing Macro Programs
- Chapter 9: Introducing Macro Variables
- Chapter 13: Creating Indexes
- Chapter 13: Creating Indexes
- Chapter 14: Combining Data Vertically
- Chapter 15: Combining Data Horizontally
- Overview
- Reviewing Terminology
- Working with Lookup Values Outside of SAS Data Sets
- Combining Data with the DATA Step Match-Merge
- Using PROC SQL to Join Data
- Comparing DATA Step Match-Merges and PROC SQL Joins
- Combining Summary Data and Detail Data
- Using an Index to Combine Data
- Using a Transaction Data Set
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 16: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data
- Chapter 17: Formatting Data
- Chapter 18: Modifying SAS Data Sets and Tracking Changes
- Overview
- Using the MODIFY Statement
- Modifying All Observations in a SAS Data Set
- Modifying Observations Using a Transaction Data Set
- Modifying Observations Located by an Index
- Controlling the Update Process
- Understanding Integrity Constraints
- Placing Integrity Constraints on a Data Set
- Documenting Integrity Constraints
- Removing Integrity Constraints
- Understanding Audit Trails
- Initiating and Reading Audit Trails
- Controlling Data in the Audit Trail
- Controlling the Audit Trail
- Understanding Generation Data Sets
- Initiating Generation Data Sets
- Processing Generation Data Sets
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 19: Introduction to Efficient SAS Programming
- Chapter 19: Introduction to Efficient SAS Programming
- Chapter 20: Controlling Memory Usage
- Chapter 21: Controlling Data Storage Space
- Chapter 22: Using Best Practices
- Chapter 23: Querying Data Efficiently
- Overview
- Using an Index for Efficient WHERE Processing
- Identifying Available Indexes
- Identifying Conditions That Can Be Optimized
- Estimating the Number of Observations
- Comparing Probable Resource Usage
- Deciding Whether to Create an Index
- Comparing Procedures That Produce Detail Reports
- Comparing Tools for Summarizing Data
- Summary
- Quiz
- Chapter 24: Creating Functions with PROC FCMP
- Appendix 1: Quiz Answer Keys
- Appendix 1: Quiz Answer Keys
- Chapter 1: Performing Queries Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 2: Performing Advanced Queries Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 3: Combining Tables Horizontally Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 4: Combining Tables Vertically Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 5: Creating and Managing Tables Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 6: Creating and Managing Indexes Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 7: Creating and Managing Views Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 8: Managing Processing Using PROC SQL
- Chapter 9: Introducing Macro Variables
- Chapter 10: Processing Macro Variables at Execution Time
- Chapter 11: Creating and Using Macro Programs
- Chapter 12: Storing Macro Programs
- Chapter 13: Creating Indexes
- Chapter 14: Combining Data Vertically
- Chapter 15: Combining Data Horizontally
- Chapter 16: Using Lookup Tables to Match Data
- Chapter 17: Formatting Data
- Chapter 18: Modifying SAS Data Sets and Tracking Changes
- Chapter 19: Introduction to Efficient SAS Programming
- Chapter 20: Controlling Memory Usage
- Chapter 21: Controlling Data Storage Space
- Chapter 22: Using Best Practices
- Chapter 23: Querying Data Efficiently
- Chapter 24: Creating Functions with PROC FCMP
- Appendix 1: Quiz Answer Keys
- Index
- Additional Resources
Overview
Introduction
This chapter demonstrates
using SAS best programming practices to optimize performance. As
you compare the techniques that are described in this chapter, remember
that differences in the use of resources are affected by the operating
environment you work in and by the characteristics of your data.
Each topic includes
examples that can improve program efficiency. Write programs to generate
your own benchmarks, and adopt the programming techniques that produce
the most savings for you.
Note: This chapter does not cover
the SAS Scalable Performance Data Engine (SAS SPD Engine), which is
a SAS 9.1 technology for threaded processing. For details about using
the SAS SPD Engine to improve performance, see the SAS documentation.
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