Page numbers in italic refer to illustrations
ABA form
typographic grids, 80
Acropolis (Athens, Greece), 3
Akkurat, 191
Alcalá, Antonio, 30
Aldine Press, 7
Alphabets. See also Letter
Bayer's universal, 19
optical relationships, 36
Phoenician, 3
Anthony, Carol, 115
Antialiasing, legibility, 134, 135, 135, 140, 145
Apeloig, Philippe, 27
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 156, 157
Arch of Constantine (Rome), 4
Arm, 33
Armstrong, Frank, 87, 91, 94, 97
Art deco, 20
Art nouveau style, 17
Ascenders, 33, 34, 35, 41, 50, 51, 53–55
Demi, 184
Background
Baldwin, Polly, 82
Ball State University, 200
Barnbrook, Jonathan, 25
Barnes, Jeff, 95
Baskerville, 38, 45, 45, 50, 54, 294–301
Baskerville, John, 11, 36, 36, 294, 291
Bauhaus, 66
Beckwith, Christian, 77
Behrens, Peter, 18
Bell, Nick, 118
Belser, Burkey, 118
Bembo, Pietro, 7
Benedit, Juan, 82
Berger & Föhr, 131
Bermejo, Joanne, 214
Bernhardi, Ernest, 234, 236, 238, 239, 234–240
Bernstein, Jennifer, 204
Besley, Robert, 14
Bierma, Wigger, 77
Bil'ak, Peter, 226
Bitskaya, Anna, 163
Bitstream, 24
Blackburn, Bruce, 23
“Block style,” 18
ITC, 26
Bodoni, Giambattista, 11, 12, 241, 304
Bonnell, Bill, 24
Book design, case study, 179–182
Boom, Irma, 27
Bowl, 33
Boyle, Robert, 86
Bradley, Will, 17
Brainstorming, 224
Brancusi, Constantin, 19
Brodovitch, Alexey, 20
Brody, Neville, 26
Brueggenjohann, Jean, 96
Buenos Aires Underground (Subte) 186–189
Bukhshaisha, Fatima, 214
Burdick, Bruce, 78
Burdick, Susan, 78
Bzdok, Shane, 142
Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, The, 157
Capitalis monumentalis, 4
Capitalis rustica, 3
Capitals, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37
Carlu, Jean, 20
Caroline minuscules, 5, 7, 256
Carson, David, 25
Carter, Matthew, 26, 30, 129, 129, 135, 135
Carter, Rob, 61, 73, 120, 198, 216, 217, 223
Cartesian coordinate system, 74
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), 145
Carusi, Jamie, 165
Case studies
Caslon, William, 10
Caxton, William, 7
Chai, Yoon-Young, 222
Chang, Amos, 96
“Chap book” style, 17
Character width, legibility, 55
Chase, 122
Chaucer type, 16
Chimero, Frank, 142
Chiu, Chiu-Ping, 218
Chromolithography, 15
Chukwu, Chinedue, 225
Cincinnati, University of, 201, 219
Citizen Kane, 157
Clear, 30
Colley, David, 84, 84, 93, 110, 116, 117
Collins, Gail, 86
Collins, Tim, 131
Column
typographic grid, 71, 72, 74–78
typographic syntax, 92, 93, 94–95
Column interval, grids, 75, 76
Communication. See also Typographic syntax
visual hierarchy, 85, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 114, 131, 133, 137, 138, 139–141, 143, 146, 147, 162, 219
Conradi, Jan, 200
Constantine (emperor of Rome), 4
Contrast, legibility, 56
Cook and Shanosky, 23
Cottrell, Thomas, 11
Counterpoint relationships, 103
Cox, Steve, 202
Coyle, Ian, 142
Cranbrook Academy of Art, 208
Daigle, Keith, 26
Dancer analogy, legibility, 51
Danne and Blackburn, 105
D'Astolfo, Frank, 203
Dean, Paul, 199
De Bruce, Kerry 219
De Bry, Johann Theodor, 9
Deck, Barry, 25
de Kooning, Willem, 21
Deman, Edmond, 17
Denison, Trina, 200
Descenders, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 51, 53–55
De Stijl, 18, 66, 70, 112, 112, 113, 118
Detrie, Thomas, 229, 229, 230, 231, 231
Dewey, Susan, 202
Didot, François Ambroise, 11, 304
Digital typography, 24–26, 255
legibility, 60
Digraphs, 35
Dingbats, 35
Display phototypesetting, 125
Divendal, Leo, 73
Doan, Jeremy, 207
Doczi, Gyorgy, 105
Dorfsman, Lou, 116
Drew, Ned, 212, 224, 241, 241–248
Dronenburg, Linda, 115
Duchynski, Todd, 209
Duggins, Laurie, 211
Dürer, Albrecht, 8
Dutch Old Style type, 10
Dyer, Michael, 30
Eames, Charles, 215
Eames, Ray, 215
Ear, 33
Easter, Joe, 199
Egypt (ancient), 2
Egyptian (slab-serif) typeface, 12, 14, 39, 255, 314–323
Elaboration, typefaces, 46, 46
Electronic page design, development of, 24
Engraving, 15
Environmental design, case study, 186–189
Evans, Linda, 198
Evans, Walker, 20
Exocet Heavy (Emigre), 25
Experimental Jetset, 28, 30, 144
Expression
motion, 169
typographic message, 61, 118, 119, 120
Eye, 33
Eye: The International Review of Graphic Design, 118
Facebook Analog Research Lab, 30
Farrell, Stephen, 179, 180, 179–182
Fella, Ed, 29
Figurative typography, 22
Fillet, 33
Fine, Oronce, 256
Fishman, Janice, 26
Fontographer software, 24
defined, 35
web design, 145
Form/counterform relationship,
legibility, 51
Fournier le Jeune, Pierre Simon, 11, 42
Fractions, 35
Fraktur, 72
Frank, Otto, 73
Franklin, Benjamin, 11
Frutiger, 188
Frutiger, Adrian, 47, 88, 274, 316
Fuller, R. Buckminster, 23
Function, expression and, typographic message, 118–120
Funk, Donna, 115
Futura, 20, 139, 140, 266, 286–291
Light, 115
Garamond, 9, 76, 34, 35, 50, 140, 256
Gehry, Frank, 26
Genoud, Alexandre, 174
Geometric, typefaces, 39, 46, 266, 286
Gill Sans, 139
Godard, Jean-Luc, 159
Godlewski, Josef, 207
Golden section, 68, 69, 71, 95, 147, 249
Golden type, 16
Goldsmith, Holly, 26
Gomringer, Eugen, 112
Goodhue, Bertram, 46
Gorman, Pat, 24
Gothic Textura Quadrata, 5
Gottlieb, Jason M., 163
Grandjean, Philippe, 10
Graphic Thought Facility, 82
Graves, Michael, 24
Gray, Jon, 30
Greenberg, Richard, 24, 183, 183–185, 185
Grid ratios, 68
Grids. See Typographic grids
Grootens, Joost, 28, 190, 190–193
Grotesque, typefaces, 39, 266, 268–273
Guimard, Hector, 17
Gutenberg, Johann, 1, 6, 42, 66, 122
Hairline, 33
Hall, Erin, 217
Hand composition, 122
Hausmann, Raoul, 18
Hawn, C.J., 216
He, Jianping, 27
Heartfield, John, 18
Helvetica, 46, 139, 148, 176, 177, 266
film, 28
Higgins, Ben, 138
Higgins, Douglas, 219
Hill, Leland, 214
Hitchcock, Alfred, 160
Hoefler, Jonathan, 25
Hoffmann, Josef, 17
Hofmann, Armin, 172
Holing, Allison, 215
Holt, John, 11
Holton, Gerald, 22
Holtzman, Kara, 200
Howard, Joshua, 167
Humanist, typefaces, 39, 266, 280
Huszar, Vilmos, 18
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), 138, 144, 145, 147
Ichiyama, Dennis Y., 199
Ilog, Roland, 225
Indentation, legibility, 64, 58
Industrial Revolution, 1, 12, 121, 241, 314
Inferior figures, 35
Information design, case study, 190–193
Insel Verlag, 72
Insular majuscules, 4
Interaction matrix structures, 224, 224
Interletter spacing, 43, 44, 44, 88, 126, 127
Interline spacing, 43, 75, 91, 91, 94, 127, 294
legibility, 54, 55, 55, 58, 62
Italic type, 8, 38, 40, 45, 46
legibility, 55
Jacobs, Kyra, 215
Janiszewski, Jerzy, 114
Jenson, Nicholas, 7
Jolley, Bill, 202
Jones, Keith, 80
Jones, Paris, 203
legibility, 58
on-screen, 142
Kam, Chul, 215
Kandinsky, Wassily, 18
Kang, Gina, 141
Kellum, Ron, 25
Kern, Kayla, 220
Kerning, 44, 53, 62, 91, 126, 127, 129
Kerver, Jacques, 9
Kessels, Sander, 226
Kimball, Ingalls, 46
King, Duane, 142
Kirwin, Colene, 198
Klimas, Matt, 224
Klinkon, Heinz, 205
Knobler, Nathan, 98
Knudsen, Penny, 198
Koenig, Friedrich, 12
Kohli, Andreas, 148
Kootstra, Assi, 226
Kwon, Jung, 216
Landor Associates, 26
Lantz, Rebecca, 105
Laser systems, digital typesetting, 129
Lausen, Marcia, 215
Leading. See Interline spacing
Le Bailly, Jacques, 226
Le Corbusier, 21
Leg, 33
capital and lowercase letters, 53, 141
digital typography, 60
importance of, 49
interletter and interword spacing, 53–55, 141
italics, 55
justified and unjustified, 58, 142
paragraphs and indentation, 58
type size, line length, and interline spacing, 54, 55, 142, 143
words, 52
Leister, Bryan, 105
Letter. See also Alphabets
evolution of, 32
proportions of, 34
Letterspacing. See Interletter spacing
Levie, Victor, 73
Lévy, Jean-Benoît, 28, 119, 172, 174, 172–175, 227
Li, Zhang, 199
Ligatures, 35
Line, typographic syntax, 90, 91
Line length, legibility, 54, 55
Lining figures, 35
Link, 33
Lois, George, 22
Loop, 33
Lubbers, Marc, 226
Ludlow machine,
Luhring, Brandon, 200
Lumière brothers, 17
MacKay-Lyons, Brian, 28
Mader, Ted, 25
Maiorana, Monique, 209
Majoor, Martin, 226
Malevich, Kasimir, 18
Malinoski, John, 93, 194, 194–196, 195
Margins
typographic grid, 66, 71, 72, 73, 74, 143
typographic syntax, 90–95, 90–95
Marinetti, Filippo, 18, 112, 112, 156
Maryland Institute College of Art, 207
Mathematical signs, 35
Matisse, Henri, 21
McCormick, Brent, 222
McCoy, Katherine, 208
McKee, Stuart, 78
McLawhorn, Craig, 209
McManus, Brenda, 211
Mechanical router, 13
Medi, Angad, 169
Meggs, Philip, 48
Mercadante, Michael, 82
Meta (FontShop), 25, 139, 140, 266, 280–285
Metal typographic measurement, 42, 43
Metaphorical thinking, 226
Metropolitan World Atlas, 28, 190–193
Michelson, Malka E., 209
Middendorp, Rutger, 226
Miller, J. Abbott, 119
Milo, Christopher, 73
Minneapolis College of Art and Design, 210, 220
Modern Style type, 10, 11, 38, 139, 255, 304–313
Monetary symbols, 35
Monk, Matt, 209
Morgan, Bruce, 214
Morris, William, 16
Motion pictures, 17
Movable type, 1, 2, 5, 6, 66, 122
Mrs Eaves Roman, 26
Mueller, Brian, 220
Müller-Brockmann, Josef, 21, 78, 78
Multiple master typeface, 25, 60, 129, 129
Museum of Design Zurich, 148
Museum of Modern Art, 169, 170
Music structure analogy, 106–109
Musselwhite, Phillip, 178
Myriad, 25
Nemeth, Titus, 213
Neo-grotesque, typefaces, 39, 266, 274–279
Niépce, Joseph, 13
Niessen, Richard, 226
North Carolina State University, 199, 209
Notre Dame Cathedral (Paris), 5
Ohashi, Ryoji, 208
Old Style figures, 35
Old Style type, 8, 10, 34, 38, 139, 255, 256–265
Olinsky, Frank, 24
Olsen, Cheri, 203
Olsen, Kelly, 203
Ouchi, Akira, 201
Outline type, 13, 14, 46, 60, 134, 135, 175
Ozubko, Christopher, 202
Pannartz, Arnold, 7
Pantheon (Rome), 4
Paper, invention of, 3
Papermaking machine, 11
Papyrus, 2
Paragraph breaks, columns, 64, 95
Paragraphs, legibility, 54, 58, 142, 142, 143
Parchment, 3
Parkinson, Jim, 26
Parthenon (Athens, Greece), 3
Pearson, Christian, 212
Perspective type, 13
Peters, Laura, 143
Petersen, Erica, 161
Philadelphia University, 209
Phoenician alphabet, 3
Photographic printing plate, 13
Phototypesetting, development of, 125–127, 125–127
Pica, typographic measurement, 42, 42
Pixels
fonts, 136
legibility, 134, 134, 135, 138, 138, 139, 141, 142
Point, typographic measurement, 42, 42, 43, 43
Poster design, case study, 172–175
Pratt Institute, 204, 211, 218
Printing press, steam-powered, 12
Proportion
Prygrocki, Greg, 199
Psalterium, 12th century, 68
Purdue University, 199
Pyramids at Giza, 2
Ragged, 58, 62, 90, 142. See also Unjustified
Rakeng, Magnus, 118
Rand, Paul, 20, 69, 69, 87, 103, 105
Ratdolt, Erhard, 7
Renaissance, 7–11, 34, 66, 256
Responsive grid system, 132, 146, 147
Rhode Island School of Design, 198
Rietveld, Gerrit, 19, 118, 118
Riley, Rachele, 206
Rising, Anna, 206
Roach, Erin, 209
Robels, Elisa, 203
Robert, Nicolas-Louis, 11
Rochester Institute of Technology, 205, 214
Rococo Style, 10
Rodchenko, Alexander, 19
Rodecker, Bud, 30
Rodgers, John, 89
Rogers, Bruce, 17
Romain du Roi type, 10
Roman type, 7, 9, 34, 34, 38, 256
Rumble, Richard, 117
Rutgers University, 203, 212, 224
RyderTypes, 24
Saarinen, Eero, 22
Safri, Khadija, 214
Sara deBondt Studio, 30
Sagmeister, Stefan, 26
St. James, Katherine, 214
Salas, Jessica, 225
Salchow, Gordon, 201
Sandberg, Willem, 21
Sanders, Mark, 83, 117, 130, 207, 218
Sans Serif type, 12, 18, 34, 39, 40, 140, 255, 266–293
Scanning systems, digital typesetting, 129
Scher, Paula, 26
Schmid, Helmut, 28, 150, 150, 151
Schoenberg, Arnold, 106
Schrenk, Nick, 105
Schudel, Benjamin, 148
Scow, Tristan, 144
Senefelder, Aloys, 11
Serebin, Sam, 77
Serifs, 4, 11, 12, 26, 33, 37–40
legibility, 52, 57, 138, 139, 139
Shaded type, 12
Shahn, Ben, 88
Sherraden, Jim, 27
Sholes, Christopher, 15
Shoulder, 33
Signs, typographic message, 111, 114, 115, 114–117
Sirisukont, Napasawan, 204
Skolos and Wedell, 29
Small caps, 35
Small, Tiffany, 164
Smolev, Beth April, 214
“Snap-on” serifs, 26
Sommese, Lanny, 29
Spacing
hand composition, 122
interletter and interword, legibility, 53–55
Spatial typographic measurement, 43–44
Spine, 33
Sponga, Rebecca, 115
Spur, 33
Starns, Doug and Mike, 29
Stay, Matthew, 222
Steadman, David W., 249, 250, 249–254
Steam-powered printing press, 12
Steingruber, Johann David, 11
Stem, 33
Sterling, Jennifer, 27
Stewart, Anne, 94
Stolk, Swip, 226
Stonehenge (England), 2
Stone, Sumner, 26
Storch, Otto, 22
Stroke, 33
legibility, 55
Stroke-to-height ratio, 34
Studio Dumbar, 30
Sung, Nakyoung, 219
SUNY Purchase, 219
Superior figures, 35
Suprematism, 18
Surrealism, 19
Sweynheym, Konrad, 7
Tail, 33
desktop publishing, 130
hand composition, 122
linotype, 123
Ludlow machine, 124
monotype, 124
Teletypesetter, 123
Template Gothic (Emigre), 25
Terminal, 33
Text columns, 74
Thick/thin contrast, typefaces, 41
Thomas, Bert, 18
Thompson, Bradbury, 59
Thompson, Debra, 68
Thoreau, Henry David, 49
Thorne, Robert, 12
Time-based media
structures, 160
syntax, 161
Timney, Todd, 226
Tomasula, Steve, 179
Tory, Geoffroy, 8
Transitional type, 10, 11, 38, 139, 255, 294–303
Troy type, 16
Tschichold, Jan, 19, 66, 66, 90, 95, 266, 266
Tuscan style, 12
Twombley, Carol, 25
Typefaces
historical classification of, 38–39
legibility, 50
modern classification of, 40–41
Typesetting systems, 44
Typewriter, 15
Typographic design. See also Case studies
case studies in, 148–154, 171–196
Typographic design process, 221
exploring typographic
exploring typographic
Ludd: a typographic expedition, 241–248
Typographic font. See Fonts
background, 66
defined, 65
improvisational structures, 84
proportion, 68
structure and space, 67
Typographic measurement, 42–44
defined, 111
function and expression, 121–124
multidimensional language, 112–114
verbal/visual equations, 114–117
Typographic processes and the computer, 227, 227
Typographic program, case study, 194–196
Typographic syntax. See also Communication
Typographic technology. See Technology
Typography
Typography, Interiority, & Other Serious Matters, 78
Ulsh, Susan, 208
Unigrid System, case study, 176–178
U.S. National Park Service Unigrid System, case study, 176–178
Unit system, 44
Univers, 34, 44, 44, 47, 47, 48, 54, 266, 274–279
Universal alphabet, 19
University of Illinois at Chicago, 215
University of the Arts, 206
Unjustified typography, legibility of, 58. See also Ragged
Van Arnam, Cheryl, 90
Van de Velde, Henri, 17
Van Dyck, Christoffel, 10
Van Susteren, Arjen, 190
Van Wageningen, Mark, 226
Vatican Press, 9
Vendrolini, Philippe, 153
Venezky, Martin, 28, 30, 69, 69, 153, 153, 154
Verbal/visual equations,
Victore, James, 25
Vignelli, Massimo, 176, 178, 187
Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia, 198, 201, 201, 216, 217
Visual hierarchy, 100–105, 162
Visual punctuation, 104, 104, 105
Vitiello, Stephen, 29
Vitruvius, 68
Vivarelli, Carlo, 21
Wagner, Otto, 112
Warde, Beatrice, 183
Washington, University of, at Seattle, 202
Web pages
technology, 145
Wedell, Tom, 172
Wei, Hong, 162
Weight
Weingart, Wolfgang, 23, 27, 90, 99, 103, 229
Weller, Don, 117
Wells, Darius, 13
Werner, Franz, 173
Whitemyer, David, 82
Whitney Museum of American Art, 30
Wieland, Jennifer Mugford, 98
Wiener, Lawrence, 28
Wiley, Kyle, 202
Williams, J. P., 198
Winston, Ginny, 217
Wolf, Henry, 22
Woodblock printing, 6
Woolman, Matt, 134
Word
legibility, 52
Word lists, 224
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 21
Xerox, 26
x-height, 32, 34, 35, 41, 47, 54, 55, 140
Yen, David, 170
Zahedi, Sara, 220
Zhang, Li, 199
Zwart, Piet, 19
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