Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

List of Contributors

About the Editors

Foreword by Lord Carlile of Berriew

Preface by Edwin Meese III

Acknowledgments

Section 1. Introduction to Big Data

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Big Data

What Is Big Data?

How Different Is Big Data?

More on Big Data: Types and Sources

The Five V’s of Big Data

Big Data in the Big World

Analytical Capabilities of Big Data

Streaming Analytics

An Overview of Big Data Solutions

Conclusions

Chapter 2. Drilling into the Big Data Gold Mine: Data Fusion and High-Performance Analytics for Intelligence Professionals

Introduction

The Age of Big Data and High-Performance Analytics

Technology Challenges

Examples

Conclusion

Section 2. Core Concepts and Application Scenarios

Chapter 3. Harnessing the Power of Big Data to Counter International Terrorism

Introduction

A New Terror

Changing Threat Landscape

Embracing Big Data

Conclusion

Chapter 4. Big Data and Law Enforcement: Advances, Implications, and Lessons from an Active Shooter Case Study

The Intersection of Big Data and Law Enforcement

Case Example and Workshop Overview

Situational Awareness

Twitter as a Social Media Source of Big Data

Social Media Data Analyzed for the Workshop

Tools and Capabilities Prototypes during the Workshop

Law Enforcement Feedback for the Sessions

Discussion

Chapter 5. Interpretation and Insider Threat: Rereading the Anthrax Mailings of 2001 Through a “Big Data” Lens

Introduction

Importance of the Case

The Advancement of Big Data Analytics After 2001

Relevant Evidence

Potential for Stylometric and Sentiment Analysis

Potential for Further Pattern Analysis and Visualization

Final Words: Interpretation and Insider Threat

Chapter 6. Critical Infrastructure Protection by Harnessing Big Data

Introduction

Understanding the Strategic Landscape into which Big Data Must Be Applied

What Is Meant by an Overarching Architecture?

Underpinning the SCR

Strategic Community Architecture Framework

Conclusions

Chapter 7. Military and Big Data Revolution

Risk of Collapse

Into the Big Data Arena

Simple to Complex Use Cases

Canonic Use Cases

More on the Digital Version of the Real World (See the World as Events)

Real-Time Big Data Systems

Implementing the Real-Time Big Data System

Insight Into Deep Data Analytics Tools and Real-Time Big Data Systems

Very Short Loop and Battlefield Big Data Datacenters

Conclusions

Chapter 8. Cybercrime: Attack Motivations and Implications for Big Data and National Security

Introduction

Defining Cybercrime and Cyberterrorism

Attack Classification and Parameters

Who Perpetrates These Attacks?

Tools Used to Facilitate Attacks

Motivations

Attack Motivations Taxonomy

Detecting Motivations in Open-Source Information

Conclusion

Section 3. Methods and Technological Solutions

Chapter 9. Requirements and Challenges for Big Data Architectures

What Are the Challenges Involved in Big Data Processing?

Technological Underpinning

Planning for a Big Data Platform

Conclusions

Chapter 10. Tools and Technologies for the Implementation of Big Data

Introduction

Techniques

Analysis

Computational Tools

Implementation

Project Initiation and Launch

Data Sources and Analytics

Analytics Philosophy: Analysis or Synthesis

Governance and Compliance

Chapter 11. Mining Social Media: Architecture, Tools, and Approaches to Detecting Criminal Activity

Introduction

Mining of Social Networks for Crime

Text Mining

Natural Language Methods

General Architecture and Various Components of Text Mining

Automatic Extraction of BNs from Text

BNs and Crime Detection

Conclusions

Chapter 12. Making Sense of Unstructured Natural Language Information

Introduction

Big Data and Unstructured Data

Aspects of Uncertainty in Sense Making

Situation Awareness and Intelligence

Processing Natural Language Data

Structuring Natural Language Data

Two Significant Weaknesses

An Alternative Representation for Flexibility

Conclusions

Chapter 13. Literature Mining and Ontology Mapping Applied to Big Data

Introduction

Background

ARIANA: Adaptive Robust Integrative Analysis for Finding Novel Associations

Conceptual Framework of ARIANA

Implementation of ARIANA for Biomedical Applications

Case Studies

Discussion

Conclusions

Chapter 14. Big Data Concerns in Autonomous AI Systems

Introduction

Artificially Intelligent System Memory Management

Artificial Memory Processing and Encoding

Constructivist Learning

Practical Solutions for Secure Knowledge Development in Big Data Environments

Conclusions

Section 4. Legal and Social Challenges

Chapter 15. The Legal Challenges of Big Data Application in Law Enforcement

Introduction

Legal Framework

Conclusions

Chapter 16. Big Data and the Italian Legal Framework: Opportunities for Police Forces

Introduction

European Legal Framework

The Italian Legal Framework

Opportunities and Constraints for Police Forces and Intelligence

Chapter 17. Accounting for Cultural Influences in Big Data Analytics

Introduction

Considerations from Cross-Cultural Psychology for Big Data Analytics

Cultural Dependence in the Supply and Demand Sides of Big Data Analytics

(Mis)Matches among Producer, Production, Interpreter, and Interpretation Contexts

Integrating Cultural Intelligence into Big Data Analytics: Some Recommendations

Conclusions

Chapter 18. Making Sense of the Noise: An ABC Approach to Big Data and Security

How Humans Naturally Deal with Big Data

The Three Stages of Data Processing Explained

The Public Order Policing Model and the Common Operational Picture

Applications to Big Data and Security

Application to Big Data and National Security

A Final Caveat from the FBI Bulletin

Glossary

Index

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