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The Purpose of Computing Is Insight, Not Numbers
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The Purpose of Computing Is Insight, Not Numbers
by J.L. Smith
Basic NEC with Broadcast Applications
Cover
Basic NEC with Broadcast Applications
The Purpose of Computing Is Insight, Not Numbers
Full Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
CHAPTER 1 The Array Adjustment Process
1.1 The Nature of NEC-2
1.2 The Directional Antenna Adjusting Process
1.3 Local and Global Minima
1.4 The Role of NEC-2
1.5 Analysis Overview
1.6 Additional NEC-2 Benefits
1.7 Software Requirements
CHAPTER 2 NEC-2 Fundamentals
2.1 Scope
2.2 The NEC-2 Engine
2.3 NEC-2 Operation
2.4 Creating the Input File
2.4.1 Naming the Files
2.4.2 Data Commands
2.4.3 Data Command Types
2.4.4 An Input File Illustration
2.5 Reading the Output File
2.5.1 The Header
2.5.2 Structure Specifications
2.5.3 Segmentation Data
2.5.4 Data Commands, Frequency, Loading, and Environment Data
2.5.5 Antenna Input Parameters
2.5.6 Currents and Locations
2.5.7 Current Moments
2.5.8 Power Budget
2.5.9 Radiation Pattern
2.6 Exercises
CHAPTER 3 Modeling the Radiator
3.1 Modeling Guidelines
3.2 Guideline Summary
3.2.1 Modeling the Radiator
3.2.2 Modeling the Voltage Source
3.3 Tower Configurations
3.3.1 Single-Wire Configuration
3.3.2 Four-Wire Configuration
3.3.3 Two-Wire Configuration
3.3.4 Lattice Configuration
3.4 Viewing Tower Configuration
3.5 Exercises
CHAPTER 4 Array Geometry
4.1 The Coordinate System
4.2 Array Geometry: An Example
4.3 The Array Input File
4.4 Exercises
CHAPTER 5 Loads, Networks, and Transmission Lines
5.1 Modeling Impedance Loads
5.2 Modeling Nonradiating Networks
5.2.1 Typical Networks
5.2.2 Typical Network Applications
5.2.3 General Guidelines for Networks
5.3 Modeling Transmission Lines
5.4 Network Output File Listing
5.4.1 Network Descriptions
5.4.2 Source and Load Impedance to the Networks
5.4.3 Network Input Parameters
5.5 Exercises
CHAPTER 6 Calculating Base Drive Voltages
6.1 Base Drive Voltages
6.2 Direct and Induced Currents
6.3 Current Moments
6.4 Development Concept
6.4.1 Unity Drive
6.4.2 Normalized Drive
6.4.3 Full Power Drive
6.4.4 Shunt Reactance and Networks
6.5 Example: A Three-Tower Array
6.5.1 Create a Unity Drive File
6.5.2 Calculate Unity Drive Current Moments
6.5.3 Solve for the Normalized Drive Voltages
6.5.4 Determine the Full Power Drive Voltages
6.6 Exercises
CHAPTER 7 Using Data from the Output File
7.1 Overview
7.2 Verify the Field Ratios
7.3 Plot Far-Field Radiation Pattern
7.4 Detuning Unused Towers
7.4.1 Detuning by Base Loading
7.4.2 Detuning by Skirting
7.5 Antenna Monitor Readings
7.5.1 Optimum Height for Sample Loops
7.5.2 Arbitrary Height for Sample Loops
7.5.3 Base Current Samples
7.5.4 Base Voltage Samples
7.6 Drive Point Impedance
7.6.1 Drive Point Impedance When Using a Network
7.7 Exercises
CHAPTER 8 Model by Measurement
8.1 Objective
8.2 Adjusting the Model
8.2.1 Number of Segments
8.2.2 Tower Diameter
8.2.3 Segment and Radius Taper
8.2.4 Base Capacity
8.2.5 Drive Segment Radius
8.3 Exercise
CHAPTER 9 Top-Loaded and Skirted Towers
9.1 General Considerations
9.2 Top Loading
9.2.1 Estimating the Size of the Top Hat
9.2.2 Determining the Degree of Top Loading
9.3 Skirted Towers
9.4 Folded Monopole
9.5 Exercises
CHAPTER 10 System Bandwidth Analysis
10.1 Introduction
10.2 System Definition
10.2.1 Tower Models
10.2.2 Tower Base Drive Voltages
10.3 Bandwidth Analysis
10.3.1 Source Impedance of the Drive Voltage
10.3.2 Intermediate Data
10.3.3 Total System Bandwidth Data
10.4 Bandwidth Conclusions
CHAPTER 11 Case Studies
11.1 Comparative Data
11.2 Case Study 1: Three-Tower Array
11.2.1 Array Description: Three-Tower Array
11.2.2 Self-Impedance: Three-Tower Array
11.2.3 Antenna Monitor Reading: Three-Tower Array
11.2.4 Array Data: Three-Tower Array
11.2.5 Discussion: Three-Tower Array
11.2.6 NEC-2 Input File: Three-Tower Array
11.3 Case Study 2: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.1 Array Description: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.2 Self-impedance: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.3 Antenna Monitor Reading: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.4 Array Data: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.5 Discussion: Six-Tower Array, Day Pattern
11.3.6 NEC-2 Input File
11.4 Case Study 3: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.1 Array Description: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.2 Self-Impedance: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.3 Antenna Monitor Readings: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.4 Array Data: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.5 Discussion: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.4.6 NEC-2 Input File: Six-Tower Array, Night Pattern
11.5 Case Study 4: Tall-Tower Array
11.5.1 Array Description: Tall Towers
11.5.2 Self-Impedance: Tall Towers
11.5.3 Antenna Monitor Reading: Tall Towers
11.5.4 Array Data: Tall Towers
11.5.5 Discussion: Tall Towers
11.5.6 NEC-2 Input File: Tall Towers
CHAPTER 12 Supplemental Topics
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Parallel Feeds: Network Combiners
12.3 New Structures: The NX Command
12.4 Numerical Green's Function
12.5 Ground Screens
12.5.1 The GN Command
12.5.2 The GR Command
12.6 Finite Ground
12.6.1 Reflection Coefficient Approximation
12.6.2 Sommerfeld/Norton Analysis
APPENDIX A NEC-2 Input File Statements
1.0 Comment Commands (CM, CE)
2.0 Structure Geometry Commands
3.0 Program Control Commands
APPENDIX B Error Messages
APPENDIX C Software
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Disk Content
1.3 Essential Software
2.1 Software Installation
3.1 User Manual
3.1.1 bnec.exe
3.2 NVCOMP.EXE
3.3 NecDrv2.EXE
3.4 NECMOM.EXE
3.5 WJGRAPS.EXE
4.1 Software Support
Index
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THE PURPOSE OF COMPUTING IS INSIGHT,
NOT NUMBERS
— R. W. Hamming
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