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 [2] http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/content/en/the_group/strategy.html

 [3] https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-to-exit-formula-one-at-end-of-2009-season&outputChannelId=6&id=T0037934EN&left_menu_item=node__803

 [4] http://www.bmwgroup.com/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/investor_relations/corporate_news/news/2011/Neue_BMW_Submarke_BMW_i.html

 [5] “The American Marketing Association Releases New Definition for Marketing,” American ­Marketing Association, Jan. 14, 2008.

 [6] S. Arnon and N.S. Kopeika, “Performance Limitations of Free-space Optical Communication Satellite Networks Due to Vibrations—Analog Case,” Optical Engineering 36, no. 1 (1997): 175–-182.

 [7] http://esc.gsfc.nasa.gov/267/278/279/487.html

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 [9] http://www.acq.osd.mil/chieftechnologist/publications/docs/TRA2011.pdf

[10] G. Pahl and W. Beitz, Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach (New York: Springer, 1995).

[11] R.C. Boas, B.G. Cameron, and E.F. Crawley, “Divergence and Lifecycle Offsets in Product Families with Commonality,” Journal of Systems Engineering, 2012 (accepted, doi: 10.1002/sys.21223).

[12] B.G. Cameron and E.F. Crawley, “Crafting Platform Strategy Based on Anticipated Benefits and Costs,” in T.W. Simpson et al., Advances in Product Family and Product Platform Design: Methods & Applications (New York: Springer, 2014).

[13] Bruce G. Cameron, “Costing Commonality: Evaluating the Impact of Platform Divergence on Internal Investment Returns,” PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Engineering Systems ­Division, 2011.

[14] Robert H. Liebeck, “Design of the Blended Wing Body Subsonic Transport,” Journal of Aircraft 41, no. 1 (2004): 10–25.