2.15. FURTHER READING 41
ment and computational techniques. e Hole-Drilling Method is still very much a living and
evolving method, with many significant advances made in recent years and more in progress.
e later chapters in this book describe many of these developments.
2.15 FURTHER READING
Residual Stress Measurements
• Schajer GS (Ed.) (2013). Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods, Wiley, West Sus-
sex, UK.
• Totten G, Howes M, Inoue T (Eds.) (2002). Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation
of Steel, ASM International, Materials Park, OH.
• Kandil FA, Lord JD, Fry AT, Grant PV (2001). A Review of Residual Stress Measurement
Methods—A Guide to Technique Selection. Report MATC(A)O4NPL, NPL, Teddington,
Middlesex, UK.
• Withers PJ, Bhadeshia HKDH (2001). Residual Stress, Part 1: Measurement Techniques,
Materials Science and Technology, 17(4):355–365.
• Schajer GS (2001). Residual Stresses: Measurement by Destructive Methods. In Buschow
KHJ. et al. (Eds.),
Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Section 5a
, Elsevier
Science, Oxford.
• Osgood W (1955). Residual Stresses in Metals and Metal Construction. Reinhold Publishing
Corp. New York.
• Schajer GS, Prime MB (2006). Use of Inverse Solutions for Residual Stress Measure-
ments. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 178(3):375–382.
Excision Method
• Scott P (1986). Comparison of the Blind-Hole Drilling and the BCD Chip-Removal
Technique for Determining Residual Stresses. Proc. SEM Spring Conference on Experi-
mental Mechanics, pp. 209–215, New Orleans, LA, June 8–13.
Two-Groove Method
• Schwaighofer J (1964). Determination of Residual Stresses on the Surface of Structural
Parts, Experimental Mechanics, 4(2):54–56.
• Schwartz IF (1995). Multiple Trenching: A Simple Self-Calibrating Method of Residual-
Stress Measurement, Experimental Mechanics, 35(3):201–204.
42 2. RELAXATION TYPE RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENT METHODS
• Jullien D, Gril J (2008). Growth Strain Assessment at the Periphery of Small-Diameter
Trees using the Two-Grooves Method: Influence of Operating Parameters Estimated by
Numerical Simulations, Wood Science and Technology, 42(7):551–565.
Splitting Method
• ASTM (2013). Standard Practice for Estimating the Approximate Residual Circumferen-
tial Stress in Straight in-walled Tubing, E1928-13, ASTM International, West Con-
shohocken, PA.
• McMillen J (1958). Stresses in Wood During Drying. Report 1652, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, WI.
• Diawanich P, Matan N, Kyokong B (2010). Evolution of Internal Stress During Drying,
Cooling and Conditioning of Rubberwood Lumber, European Journal of Wood and Wood
Products, 68(1):1–12.
• Fuller J (1995). Conditioning Stress Development and Factors that Influence the Prong
Test. Research Paper FPL-RP-537, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA.
Slitting Method
• Prime MB (1999). Residual Stress Measurement by Successive Extension of a Slot: e
Crack Compliance Method. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 52(2):75–96.
• Cheng W, Finnie I (2007). Residual Stress Measurement and the Slitting Method, Springer,
New York.
• Lee MJ, Hill MR (2007). Intralaboratory Repeatability of Residual Stress Determined by
the Slitting Method, Experimental Mechanics, 47(6):745–752.
Ring-Core Method
• Kiel S (1992). Experimental Determination of Residual Stresses with the Ring-Core
Method and an On-Line Measuring System. Experimental Techniques, 16(5):17–24.
• Ajovalasit A, Petrucci G, Zuccarello B (1996). Determination of Non-uniform Residual
Stresses using the Ring-Core Method. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology,
118(2):224–228.
• Barsanti M, Beghini M, Santus C, Benincasa A, Bertelli L (2014). Integral Method Co-
efficients and Regularization Procedure for the Ring-Core Residual Stress Measurement
Technique, Advanced Materials Research, 996(1):331–336.
2.15. FURTHER READING 43
Hole Drilling Method
• ASTM (2013). Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-
Drilling Strain-Gage Method, Standard Test Method E837-13, ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA.
• Grant PV, Lord JD, Whitehead PS (2002). e Measurement of Residual Stresses by
the Incremental Hole Drilling Technique. Measurement Good Practice Guide, No. 53.
National Physical Laboratory, UK.
• Measurements Group (2001). Measurement of Residual Stresses by Hole-Drilling Strain
Gage Method. Tech Note TN-503-6, Vishay Measurements Group, Raleigh, NC.
• Ajovalasit A, Scafidi M, Zuccarello B, Beghini M, Bertini L, Santus C, Valentini E, Ben-
incasa A, Bertelli L (2010). e Hole-Drilling Strain Gauge Method for the Measure-
ment of Uniform or Non-Uniform Residual Stresses, AIAS Residual Stress Working Group,
(TR01), Florence, Italy.
Deep-Hole Drilling Method
• Leggatt RH, Smith DJ, Smith S.D, Faure F (1996). Development and Experimental Val-
idation of the Deep Hole Method for Residual Stress Measurement. e Journal of Strain
Analysis for Engineering Design, 31(3):177–186.
• DeWald AT, Hill MR (2003). Improved Data Reduction for the Deep-Hole Method
of Residual Stress Measurement. e Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design,
38(1):65–78.
Layer Removal
• Treuting RG, Read WT (1951). A Mechanical Determination of Biaxial Residual Stress
in Sheet Materials. Journal of Applied Physics, 22(2):130–134.
• Sachs G, Espey G (1941). e Measurement of Residual Stresses in Metal. e Iron Age,
pp. 63–71, September 18.
• Stoney GG (1909). e Tension of Metallic Films Deposited by Electrolysis. Proc. of the
Royal Society of London, Series A, 82(553):172–175.
Contour Method
• Prime MB, DeWald AT (2013). e Contour Method. Chapter 5 in Practical Residual
Stress Measurement Methods, Schajer GS (Ed.), Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
44 2. RELAXATION TYPE RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENT METHODS
• Prime MB (2001). Cross-Sectional Mapping of Residual Stresses by Measuring the Sur-
face Contour After a Cut. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 123(2):162–
168.
• Kelleher J, Prime MB, Buttle D, Mummery PM, Webster PJ, Shackleton J, Withers PJ
(2003). e Measurement of Residual Stress in Railway Rails by Diffraction and Other
Methods. Journal of Neutron Research, 11(4):187–193.
Sectioning
• Shadley JR, Rybicki EF, Shealy WS (1987). Application Guidelines for the Parting Out
Step in a rough ickness Residual Stress Measurement Procedure. Strain, 23(4):157–
166.
• Tebedge N, Alpsten G, Tall L (1973). Residual-stress Measurement by the Sectioning
Method. Experimental Mechanics, 13(2):88–96.
Microscopic Scale Measurements
• Winiarski B, Withers PJ (2015). Novel Implementations of Relaxation Methods for Mea-
suring Residual Stresses at the Micron Scale. e Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering
Design, 50(7):412–425.
• Winiarski B, Withers PJ (2012). Micron-Scale Residual Stress Measurement by Micro-
Hole Drilling and Digital Image Correlation, Experimental Mechanics, 52(4):417–428.
• Song X, Yeap KB, Zhu J, Belnoue J, Sebastiani M, Bemporad E, Zeng K, Korsunsky AM
(2012). Residual Stress Measurement in in Films at Sub-Micron Scale Using Focused
Ion Beam Milling and Imaging, in Solid Films, 520(6):2073–2076.
X-Ray Diffraction
• SAE (2003). Residual Stress Measurement by X-ray Diffraction. SAE J784, Society of
Automotive Engineers Handbook Supplement, Warrendale, PA.
• Fitzpatrick ME, Fry AT, Holdway P, Kandil FA, Shackleton J, Suominen L (2005). De-
termination of Residual Stresses by X-ray Diffraction, Measurement Good Practice Guide
No. 52 Issue 2, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
• Noyan IC, Cohen JB (1987). Residual Stress—Measurement by Diffraction and Interpreta-
tion, Materials Research and Engineering, Springer-Verlag, New York.
2.15. FURTHER READING 45
Synchrotron Diffraction
• Withers PJ (2013). Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction, Chapter 7 in Practical Residual Stress
Measurement Methods, Schajer GS (Ed.), Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
• Reimers W, Pyzalla A, Broda M, Brusch G, Dantz D, Schmackers T, Liss K-D,
Tschentscher T (1999). e Use of High-Energy Synchrotron Diffraction for Residual
Stress Analyses. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 18(7):581–583.
• Steuwer A, Santisteban JR, Turski M, Withers PJ, Buslaps T (2004). High-resolution
Strain Mapping in Bulk Samples using Full-profile Analysis of Energy Dispersive Syn-
chrotron X-ray Diffraction Data. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 37(6):883–889.
Neutron Diffraction
• Fitzpatrick ME, Lodini A (Eds.) (2003). Analysis of Residual Stress by Diffraction using
Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation, Taylor and Francis, London, UK.
• Holden TM (2013). Neutron Diffraction, Chapter 8 in Practical Residual Stress Measure-
ment Methods, Schajer GS (Ed.), Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
Magnetic Methods
• Jiles DC (1988). Review of Magnetic Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation. NDT In-
ternational, 21(5):311–319.
• Buttle DJ, Moorthy V, Shaw B (2006). Determination of Residual Stresses by Magnetic
Methods, Measurement Good Practice Guide, No. 88. National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, UK.
• Buttle DJ (2013). Magnetic Methods. Chapter 9 in Practical Residual Stress Measurement
Methods, Schajer GS (Ed.), Wiley, West Sussex, UK.
Ultrasonic
• Leon-Salamanca T, Bray DE (1996). Residual Stress Measurement in Steel Plates and
Welds using Critically Refracted Longitudinal (LCR) Waves. Research in Nondestructive
Evaluation, 7(4):169–184.
• Santos AA, Bray, DE (2000). Application of Longitudinal Critically Refracted Waves
to Evaluate Stresses in Railroad Wheels. Topics on Nondestructive Testing, 5, American
Society for Nondestructive Testing.
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