The throw keyword raises a terminating error, as in the following example:

throw 'Error message' 

Existing exception types are documented in the .NET framework; each is ultimately derived from the System.Exception type found in the .NET reference:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.exception?view=netframework-4.7.2

throw may be used with a string or a message, as shown previously. throw may also be used with an exception object:

throw [ArgumentException]::new('Unsupported value') 

Or it may be used with ErrorRecord:

throw [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord]::new( 
    [InvalidOperationException]::new('Invalid operation'), 
    'AnErrorID', 
    [System.Management.Automation.ErrorCategory]::InvalidOperation, 
    $null 
) 

Commands in binary modules (cmdlets) cannot use throw; it has a different meaning in the languages that might be used to author a cmdlet. Cmdlets use the PSCmdlet.ThrowTerminatingError .NET method.

The ThrowTerminatingError method can be used in PowerShell in conjunction with an ErrorRecord object, provided the CmdletBinding attribute is declared, as in the example:

function Invoke-Something { 
    [CmdletBinding()] 
    param ( ) 
 
    $errorRecord = [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord]::new( 
        [InvalidOperationException]::new('Failed'), 
        'AnErrorID', 
        [System.Management.Automation.ErrorCategory]::OperationStopped, 
        $null 
    ) 
    $pscmdlet.ThrowTerminatingError($errorRecord) 
}