The core of our script is the animate function, which will make repeated calls to the ggplot part, which is included in p. The ggplot function is just creating a regular scatterplot, and most of the code there defines the formatting and colors that we want. The only different part from a regular ggplot statement are these two parts: transition_time(Year) and ease_aes("linear"). The former specifies the variable that indicates the time steps, while the latter specifies the type of interpolation used to generate all the frames that we need. The animate function will make repeated calls to this, for purposes such as changing the year and using a linear interpolation.