Contents

1   Marketing Concepts and Definitions

Selling recorded music

What is marketing?

The marketing mix

Product

Price

Promotion

Place

Retail

Marketing strategy

Glossary

2   Markets, Market Segmentation and Consumer Behavior

Target markets

Market segmentation

Market segments

Geographics

Personal demographics

Psychographics

Behavioristic

Consumer behavior

High and low-involvement decision making

Cognitive vs. emotional decisions

Needs and motives

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Converting browsers to buyers

Glossary

3   The U.S. Industry Numbers

Sales trends

Annual sales trends

Music genre trends

Demographic trends

Age

Gender

Format – configuration

Outlets

Market share of the majors

Comparison of all and current albums

Catalog sales

Industry concentration

Conclusions

Glossary

4   Record Label Operations

Label operations

Getting started as an artist

Business affairs

Artist & repertoire

Artist development/relations

Creative services

Publicity

Radio promotion

Sales and marketing

Glossary

5   The Profit and Loss Statement

Profitability … or the lack thereof!

SRLP – suggested retail list price

Card price

Discount

Gross sales

Distribution fee

Gross sales after fee

Return provision

Net sales after return reserve

Returns reserve opp/(risk)

Total net sales

Cost of sales

Gross margin before recording costs

Recording costs

Gross margin

Marketing costs

Account advertising

Advertising

Video production

Artist promotion

Independent promotion and publicity

Media travel

Album art

No charge records

Contribution to overhead

Ways at looking at project efficiency and effectiveness

Return percentage

SoundScan and sell off

Percentage of marketing costs

As a predictor equation

Break-even point

6   SoundScan and the Music Business

Technology and the music business

SoundScan

The UPC bar code and registration with SoundScan

A look at the data

The charts

Archives

Marketing reports

Label marketing share report

Marketing report: YTD percent sales by DMA/Genre

National sales summary report

A look at SoundScan title reports

Title lookup

Title report: National sales

Title report: DMA

Title report: Store demos

The index report

Title report: Artist history

Chart History

A deeper look at SoundScan

Seasonality and record sales

Business climate and predictor

Life cycles

DMAs and market efficiencies

Best-Selling markets vs. strongest markets

Glossary

7   How Radio Works

Radio

The businesses

The radio broadcasting industry

Radio audiences

Radio on the go

Radio formats

Targets of radio formats

The format clock

What is important to programmers

Ratings research

Programming research

Getting airplay

The new radio and new technology

Satellite radio

Internet radio

Podcasting

Portable people meter

Glossary

8   Charts, Airplay and Promotion

The trade magazines

The importance of the charts

Creating the airplay charts

The charts

What does this mean to label marketers?

Radio promotion

Promotion

Promoting

History

Getting a recording on the radio

Independent promotion

Label record promotion and independent promoters

Satellite radio promotion

Appendix

Glossary

9   Publicity of Recorded Music

Label publicity

Publicity in the music business—A historical perspective

The label publicity department

Staffing the publicity department

Tools of the label publicity department

The database

The press release

The bio

The press kit

Photos and video

Working with the artist’s image

Evaluation of publicity campaigns

Target marketing through the publicity plan

The publicity plan

Budgets for money and time

Television appearances

News shows

Talk-entertainment shows

Award shows

Comparing publicity and record promotion

Glossary

10   Advertising in the Recording Industry

Basics of advertising

Comparison of media options for advertising

Determining costs and effectiveness

Media planning

How advertising effectiveness is measured

The role of advertising in marketing recorded music

Trade advertising

Consumer advertising: The media buy

Target markets

Media

Timing

Partners

Artist relations

Glossary

11   Distribution

Music distribution

Vertical integration

Music supply to retailers

Role of distribution

Conglomerate distribution company structure as it relates to national retail accounts

National structure

Timeline

One Sheet

Consolidation and market share

Digital distribution

Revenues from a $0.99 download

Distribution value

Glossary

12   The Music Retail Environment

Marketing and the music retail environment

NARM

Retail considerations

#1 P—Product

Loss prevention

#2 P—Promotion

#3 P—Pricing

Actual pricing of product

#4 P—Place

Glossary

13   Grassroots Marketing

Grassroots marketing

The power of word of mouth

Street teams

Guerilla marketing

Glossary

14   Internet Marketing

The Internet

The website as your home base

The domain name

Web hosting

Website design

E-Commerce: the electronic storefront

Website promotion on the site

Tell-a-friend

Visitor registration

Promoting the website on the internet

Search engines

Meta tags

Music directories

Banner exchange/link exchange reciprocal linking

Webrings

Viral marketing

Newgroups/discussion groups/bulletin board/chat rooms

Fan websites

Email addresses, spam, and e-zines

Directing customers to online retailers

Fan based promotions

Integrating offline and online promotions

Concerts

The press kit

Retail products

Conclusion

Glossary

15   Music Videos

Video production and promotions

History of the music video

Deciding to produce the music video

Producing the music video

Uses for the music video

Promotion

Sales

Label staffing

Independent video promotion

The video channels

Submitting a video

The future of the video

Glossary

16   The International Recording Industry

International recording industry

MIDEM Conference

The IFPI

The nature of oligopolies

The consolidation process

Oligopolies

Pricing by oligopolies

The four major labels

Markets

How markets are evaluated

A comparison of emerging markets and mature markets

A comparison of top ten markets and developing markets

The major markets and trends

Issues and challenges to marketing recordings globally

Piracy

Parallel imports

Licensing

Currency exchange rates

Cultural restrictions

Quotes

Censorship

Opportunities

Geographic growth areas

New technologies

Trade agreements

Marketing products overseas

Major labels and affiliates

Marketing through an affiliate

Indie labels and international markets

Licensing

Transshipments/exports

Internet sales and distribution

Marketing strategy

Conclusion

Glossary

17   Tour Support and Promotional Touring

Tour support

The decision to support a tour

Direct financial support for a tour

Major label tour support

Independent label tour support

Tour sponsors

The payoff for record labels

Promotional touring

Glossary

18   Special Products and Special Markets

Lifestyle

The benefits

Enhancing careers

Product extensions

Compilations

Products in the music

Retail exclusives

Tour sponsorship and more …

Glossary

19   Marketing Research

What is marketing research?

Syndicated vs. custom research

The research process

Research validity

Confidence level and margin of error

The application of research principles

When focus groups are appropriate

When surveys are appropriate

Bounceback card for geffen sampler Buy Product

When experiments are appropriate

The use of syndicated research

Research sources for record labels

Conclusion

Glossary

20   The Recording Industry of the Future

Label partnerships

New media concepts

The development of online services

Online and offline content

Technology diffusion and convergence

Digital rights management

Technology convergence: The universal mobile device

New markets: what does the consumer want?

The new music model

Marketing under the new model

Glossary

21   The Marketing Plan

The marketing plan

Who gets the plan?

What’s in the plan?

Timing

22   DeMand De World Over

Malign Records Phase 1 Marketing plan

Project facts

Track listing

Project contacts

Background information/marketing

Marketing objective

Key dates

A&R/Artist development/setup

Publicity

The biography (subject to revision):

Radio

Video

New media

Advertising

Sales

International

Tour

Street team

Lifestyle/cross-marketing

Timeline

Index

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