Laws of
ProbabiLity
In Section III, we shall see some time-tested laws of statistics. However, the founda-
tion lies in empirical patterns of evidential data because all these laws are inspired
by patterns in evidential data.
Chapter 10 on histogram establishes the rules of thumb of pattern extraction
from data. Chapter 11 presents the binomial process, the binomial and related laws.
Historically, a good deal of statistical concepts evolved around these laws, both to
conceive them and to apply them. Chapter 12 presents the exponential law, the
related Poisson process. Chapter 13 presents the bell curve, which has become a
social law of universal status and great potential. Statistical thinking is governed
by the bell curve. e uniform and triangular bounded distributions, presented in
Chapters 14 and 15, represent another set of laws that help business decision mak-
ing. e well-known Pareto law, along with some less known applications in open
source software development, is presented in Chapter 16.
ese laws have resulted in several other laws and paradigms. ey have cast
permanent inuence on several elds of science and engineering. ey are also
behind some of the most powerful knowledge systems and prediction models used
in management. ese laws are basic to the understanding of software engineering
and management. ey have inspired scientists, economists, and managers ever
since their discovery. With time, the application and usage of these laws seem to
increase exponentially.
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